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TFDE drive on LNG tanker
No full textTFDE pogon predstavlja naprednu tehnologiju koja omogućuje korištenje tri vrste goriva – ukapljenog prirodnog plina („boil-off gasa“), dizelskog goriva i teškog brodskog goriva. Ovakva fleksibilnost omogućuje optimalno upravljanje potrošnjom goriva i smanjenje emisije štetnih plinova, što je u skladu s globalnim ekološkim zahtjevima i regulativama. Završni rad se bavi analizom TFDE (Tri-Fuel Diesel Electric) pogonskog sustava na tankerima za prijevoz ukapljenog prirodnog plina (LNG). Prijevoz LNG-a se odvija kroz kompleksan sustav koji uključuje specijalizirane LNG brodove te posebne morske i lučke terminale s naprednom tehnološkom infrastrukturom. Cilj je omogućiti učinkovit i ekonomski isplativ prijevoz. Ovakvi sustavi pogona temelje se na elektromotorima koji dobivaju energiju iz generatora napajanih gorivima. Za razliku od klasičnih mehaničkih pogona, ovdje se mehanička snaga proizvodi putem električne energije. Dodatna prednost je korištenje isparene količine tereta (tzv. „boil-off gas“) kao goriva – dioTFDE propulsion represents an advanced technology that enables the use of three types of fuel – liquefied natural gas (boil-off gas), diesel fuel and heavy marine fuel. This flexibility enables optimal management of fuel consumption and reduction of harmful gas emissions, which is in accordance with global ecological requirements and regulations. The final thesis deals with the analysis of the TFDE (Tri-Fuel Diesel Electric) propulsion system on tankers for the transport of liquefied natural gas (LNG). The transport of LNG (liquefied natural gas) takes place through a complex system that includes specialized LNG ships and special sea and port terminals with advanced technological infrastructure. The goal is to enable efficient and economically viable transportation. Such propulsion systems are based on electric motors that receive energy from fuel-powered generators. Unlike classic mechanical drives, here mechanical power is produced through electrical energy. An additional advantage is the use of the evapor
Green Shipping Corridors: A Bibliometric Analysis of Policy, Technology, and Stakeholder Collaboration
No full textThis study provides a bibliometric review of 238 studies on the concept of green shipping corridors in the maritime industry, published in 93 academic outlets and authored by 654 scholars. Bibliographical data were extracted from the Web of Science database and analyzed using the bibliometrix package in R software (version 4.3.3) alongside VOSviewer (version 1.6.20). Based on citation analysis metrics, the most influential articles, journals, authors, institutions, and countries within the field were identified. Utilizing the bibliographic coupling methodology in VOSviewer, the following four underlying research clusters were distinguished: (1) Sustainable Green Shipping Practices and Research, (2) Alternative Fuels and Low-Carbon Strategies for Maritime Transport, (3) Green and Low-Carbon Maritime Development, and (4) Environmental Sustainability in Maritime Shipping. Content analysis results highlighted crucial policy recommendations, technological adaptation strategies, and collaborative stakeholder practices, providing robust insights for academia and industry practitioners seeking strategic guidance for effective maritime decarbonization via integrated green shipping corridor initiatives
Specificities of transportation, storage and packaging of coffee
No full textOsnovni problem istraživanja u ovom radu su relevantni aspekti logistike procesa prijevoza i transporta kave od mjesta proizvodnje do mjesta prodaje i potrošnje. Sukladno definiranom problemu istraživanja u radu se definiraju osnovni pojmovi vezani za proizvodnju, prijevoz, skladištenje i ambalažiranje kave te se analiziraju specifični problemi koji se u praksi javljaju unutar logističkog dobavnog lanca kave na putu do krajnjeg potrošača. Razumijevanjem i rješavanjem izazova u logističkom dobavnom lancu kave, moguće je poboljšati učinkovitost, održivost i otpornost globalnog lanca opskrbe kavom te osigurati sve preduvjete da kava kao osjetljivi transportni supstrat, pristigne u pravo vrijeme, na pravo mjesto i u pravom stanju. Uz specifičnosti prijevoza i transporta kave od mjesta proizvodnje do odredišta, u radu se također analiziraju glavna svojstva i obilježja kave te specifičnosti ambalažiranja i skladištenja kave kako bi navedeni transportni supstrat na odredištu imao adekvatnu kvalitetu i uporabnu vrijednost.The main research problem in this paper is the relevant aspects of the logistics of the coffee transport and transportation process from the place of production to the place of sale and consumption. In accordance with the defined research problem, the paper defines the basic concepts related to the production, transport, storage and packaging of coffee and analyzes specific problems that arise in practice within the coffee logistics supply chain on the way to the end consumer. By understanding and solving the challenges in the logistics supply chain of coffee, it is possible to improve the efficiency, sustainability and resilience of the global coffee supply chain and to ensure that coffee, as a sensitive transport substrate, arrives at the right time, in the right place and in the right condition. In addition to the specifics of the transport and transportation of coffee from the place of production to the destination, the paper also analyzes the main properties and characteristics of coffee and the specifics of packaging and storage of coffee so that the aforementioned transport substrate at the destination has adequate quality and useful value
A contribution to the improvement of the VHF communications within the VTS system using the terrestrial VDES system
No full textBrz i siguran prijenos informacija u pomorskom prometu u današnje doba od ključne je važnosti za sigurnost plovidbe i svih brodskih operacija. Pitanje sigurnosti prijenosa informacija između brodova i kopna kao i povećanje brzine njihova prijenosa postaju temelj razvoja komunikacijskih procesa. Digitalizacija radiotelefonskih postupaka predstavlja sljedeći stupanj razvoja brodskih radiotelefonskih komunikacija, a posebice radiotelefonskih komunikacija na vrlo visokim frekvencijama (engl. Very High Frequency – VHF). Sustav koji može omogućiti modernizaciju i ubrzavanje dijela trenutnih radiotelefonskih postupaka je VHF sustav razmjene podataka (engl. VHF Data Exchange System – VDES) koji ujedno može rasteretiti, trenutno u nekim dijelovima svijeta, zagušeni automatski identifikacijski sustav (engl. Automatic Identification System – AIS). Primjenom VDES-a moguće je započeti proces modernizacije brodskih radiokomunikacija kao i prijenosa podataka u digitalnom obliku na siguran način te približiti komunikacijske procese pojmu e-navigacije. Ovim radom provedeno je ekstenzivno istraživanje mogućosti implementacije VDES-a unutar brodskih komunikacija na primjeru slanja izvještaja s broda prema sustavu nadzora i upravljanja pomorskim prometom (engl. Vessel Traffic Service – VTS) te informacijske podrške VTS-a prema brodovima na području Republike Hrvatske. Propagacijskim modelom koji uključuje gubitke propagacijskog puta proračunata je snaga radiovala na svakoj prijamnoj stanici te je propagacijski model verificiran proračunom kvalitete bežične veze. Prikazan je geografski razmještaj svih potencijalnih baznih stanica u VTS-u Republike Hrvatske kao i brodova na pretpostavljenim pozicijama. Simulacijskim modelom obuhvaćena su oba smjera komunikacije razmatrana u radu, odnosno, brod-kopno i kopno-brod za dvije različite visine brodskih antena. U postupku verifikacije simulacijskog modela, također su obuhvaćena oba navedena smjera komunikacije kao i dvije različite visine brodskih antena. Rezultatima istraživanja dokazano je da je moguće primijeniti terestrički VDES sustav u svrhu unaprjeđenja komunikacija između brodova i VTS sustava povećanjem brzine prijenosa podataka kao i zaštitom odaslanih podataka.Fast and secure data exchage in maritime traffic today is of key importance for the safety of navigation and all ship operations. The issue of secure information transmission between ships and shore, as well as increasing the speed of transmission, has become the foundation of communication process development. The digitalization of radiotelephone procedures represents the next step in the development of ship radiotelephone communications, especially very high frequency (VHF) radiotelephone communications. A system that can enable the modernization and acceleration of some of the current radiotelephone procedures is VHF Data Exchange System (VDES), which can also alleviate the Automatic Identification System (AIS), currently congested in some parts of the world. The part of VDES that can improve these radiotelephone procedures is a terrestrial VDES. By applying VDES, it is possible to initiate the process of modernizing ship's radiocommunications as well as the transmission of data in digital form in a secure manner, bringing communication processes closer to the concept of e-navigation. This paper conducts an extensive research on possibility of implementing VDES within ship's communications using the example of sending reports from ships to Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) and providing information support from VTS to ships. Using a propagation model that includes propagation path losses, the signal strength at each receiving station was calculated, and the propagation model was verified by calculating the quality of the wireless link. The geographic distribution of all potential base stations in the VTS of the Republic of Croatia, as well as the positions of ships, is presented. The simulation model covered both directions of communication considered in the paper, namely ship-to-shore and shore-to-ship, for two different ship antenna heights. In the process of verifying the simulation model, both directions of communication and two different ship antenna heights were also included. The results of the research proved that it is possible to apply the terrestrial VDES system to improve communication between ships and the VTS system by increasing the data transmission speed and protecting transmitted data
Planning navigation in coastal areas, approchnig waterway and port areas
No full textPlaniranje plovidbe u ovom završnom radu prezentirano je tako da se razmatraju svi elementi bitni za plovidbu i planiranje putovanja bez obzira na to u kojem dijelu svijeta se plovidbeni put planira, uzimajući u obzir sposobnosti i obučenost posade te manevarske sposobnosti broda. Bitni su i čimbenici koji utječu na planiranje plovidbe te odluke koje se u planiranju plovidbe donose dok je plan u izradi ali i u toku plovidbe. Greške koje se događaju u plovidbi i planiranju plovidbe mogu dovesti u opasnost brod i posadu s toga je bitna obuka posade u planiranju i provođenju plana te prilagodba tehnologijama koji se na brodu nalaze.Planning navigations in this final paper is presented that all aspects important for navigation and planning navigation witout conserning on part of world that is made for, considering abilities and training of crew and manouvering abilities of ship. Importans of factors which affects on planning navigation and decidions that are made during navigation planning and also during voyage while navigation plan is performing. Errors that can be made in performing navigation and making navigation plans can lead to endanger ship and crew on board so it is important to train crew in making navigation plans and performing plans in navigation and ajuting technologies that are on bord ship
Ship Maintenance in the Digital Age Focus on Predictive Systems
No full textModern ships are complex technical units composed of various systems and subsystems, including the
ship management system, safety and protective systems for the ship and crew, propulsion system, hull
structure, power supply and distribution system, cargo handling system, and accommodation systems
for crew and passengers. All these systems are interconnected and collectively contribute to the ship’s
purpose, primarily achieved through comprehensive maintenance. Increasingly rigorous international
regulations regarding ship and crew safety, as well as environmental protection, encourage shipowners
to emphasize regular, proactive, and predictive maintenance of ship systems to ensure uninterrupted
operations without delays. Advancements in modern technology have transformed approaches to
ship maintenance by leveraging developments in the ICT sector, including analytical methods and AI
models like machine learning and deep learning, which have revolutionized maintenance practices.
This paper, in addition to exploring conventional maintenance methods, investigates key components
of predictive maintenance, discusses challenges such as transparency and ethical implications, and
analyzes the latest trends in AI-based predictive maintenance—from sensors and data collection to
data processing algorithms and decision-making modules
Illegal maritime migration
No full textProblem ilegalnih pomorskih migracija višestruk je i hitan globalni problem koji uključuje neovlašteno kretanje pojedinaca preko morskih granica pod opasnim i nehumanim okolnostima. Ovaj rad istražuje različite aspekte ilegalne pomorske migracije, kao što su čimbenici koji joj pridonose, njezine posljedice, strategije za borbu protiv te politike i prakse vezane uz kontrolu pomorske granice. Ključni čimbenici koji pokreću ovaj fenomen uključuju ekonomske razlike, politička previranja, društvene veze i učinke klimatskih promjena. Ishodi ilegalne pomorske migracije obuhvaćaju demografske promjene, ekonomske probleme, društvene nemire i sigurnosne prijetnje. Mjere za rješavanje ovog problema uključuju pojačanu sigurnost granica, međunarodnu suradnju, napore u borbi protiv trgovine ljudima i zaštitu prava migranata. Međutim, politike granične kontrole često su pod lupom zbog kršenja ljudskih prava i postavljanja etičkih poteškoća. Zaključno, neophodan je sveobuhvatan i pravedan pristup, onaj koji obuhvaća prevenciju, zaštitu i integraciju migranata uz poštivanje humanitarnih odgovornosti i međunarodnih zakona.The problem of illegal maritime migration is a multifaceted and urgent global problem involving the unauthorized movement of individuals across sea borders under dangerous and inhumane circumstances. This paper explores various aspects of illegal maritime migration, such as the factors that contribute to it, its consequences, strategies to combat it, and policies and practices related to maritime border control. Key factors driving this phenomenon include economic disparities, political turmoil, social ties and the effects of climate change. The outcomes of illegal maritime migration include demographic changes, economic problems, social unrest and security threats. Measures to address this problem include increased border security, international cooperation, anti-trafficking efforts and protection of migrants' rights. However, border control policies are often under scrutiny for violating human rights and raising ethical dilemmas. In conclusion, a comprehensive and just approach is necessary, one II that includes the prevention, protection and integration of migrants while respecting humanitarian responsibilities and international laws
Analog-digital conversion of speech signal
No full textU ovom radu se opisuje analogno-digitalna pretvorba govornih signala. Analogni i digitalni signali su dva glavna oblika signala koja se koriste u elektronici. Analogno-digitalni pretvornici su nužne komponente mnogih digitalnih sustava. Najosnovnija zadaća analogno-digitalnih pretvornika je povezati digitalnu domenu s analognom. Ovaj rad obuhvaća načine pretvorbe analognog signala u digitalni, operacije koje su potrebne kako bi dobili digitalni signal te metode kodiranja govornog signala.This paper describes the analog-to-digital conversion of speech signals. Analog and digital signals are the two main forms of signals used in electronics. Analog-to-digital converters are essential components of many digital systems. The most basic task of analog-to-digital converters is to connect the digital domain to the analog domain. This paper covers methods of converting an analog signal to digital, the operations required to obtain a digital signal, and methods of encoding a speech signa
Marine casualty investigation system in European Union waters
No full textPomorske nesreće predstavljaju izazov za Europsku uniju radi njihovih sigurnosnih, ekoloških i ekonomskih posljedica na pomorski promet, a koji je važan za protok dobara i povezanosti zemalja članica EU. Ovaj diplomski rad istražuje pravne, organizacijske i tehničke aspekte istraživanja pomorskih nesreća i analizira uzroke, posljedice te statističke vrijednosti pomorskih nesreća u vodama EU. Proučavanjem međunarodnih i europskih pravnih okvira, uključujući Direktivu 2009/18/EZ, Kodeks IMO-a te MLC konvenciju, analiziraju se obveze država članica kada je riječ o istraživanju nesreća, provođenju sigurnosnih istraga te obavještavanju putem EMCIP platforme. Naglasak je stavljen na važnost Europske agencije za pomorsku sigurnost (EMSA) i ulogu EMCIP baze podataka u analizi vrijednosti pomorskih nesreća i distribuciji sigurnosnih preporuka u pomorskom sektoru. Analiza obuhvaća učestalost i uzroke pomorskih nesrećama te krajnje posljedice poput sudara i potonuća brodova. Razne analize ističu ljudski faktor kao glavni uzrok u većini nesreća. Sustavna analiza prethodnih pomorskih nezgoda može značajno doprinijeti smanjenju broja i ozbiljnosti takvih nesrećama u budućnosti kroz implementaciju naučenih lekcija.Marine casualties represent a major challenge for the European Union due to their safety, environmental and economic consequences on maritime transport which is important for the flow of goods and the connectivity of EU Member States. This thesis examines the legal, organisational and technical aspects of maritime accident investigations and analyses the causes, consequences and statistical value of maritime accidents in EU waters. By examining the international and European legal frameworks, including Directive 2009/18/EC, the IMO Code and the MLC Convention, the obligations of Member States regarding accident investigations, the conduct of safety investigations and reporting via the EMCIP platform are analysed. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) and the role of the EMCIP database in analysing the value of maritime accidents and distributing safety recommendations in the maritime sector. The analysis covers the frequency and causes of maritime accidents and the ultimate consequences such as collisions and sinkings of ships. Various analyses highlight the human factor as the main cause in most accidents. Systematic analysis of previous maritime accidents can significantly contribute to reducing the number and severity of such accidents in the future through the implementation of lessons learned
Electronic filters in transceiver
No full textElektronički filtri predstavljaju važnu komponentu u optimizaciji performansi
primopredajnika u pomorskim komunikacijama, osiguravajući kvalitetan prijenos signala,
smanjenje smetnji te pouzdanu i stabilnu komunikaciju. U primopredajnicima koji se koriste u
različitim frekvencijskim rasponima, poput VHF i MF/HF uređaja, filtri omogućuju precizno
upravljanje frekvencijama te poboljšavaju učinkovitost prijenosa i prijema signala. Ovaj rad
analizira primjenu elektroničkih filtara u pomorskim primopredajnicima, s naglaskom na
njihovu ulogu u osiguravanju selektivnosti signala, smanjenju interferencija i unaprjeđenju
funkcionalnosti sustava za pomorsku navigaciju i komunikaciju.Electronic filters play a key role in optimizing the performance of transceivers in
maritime communications, ensuring quality signal transmission, interference reduction and
reliable and stable communication. In transceivers used in different frequency ranges, such as
VHF and MF/HF devices, filters enable precise frequency control and improve signal
transmission and reception efficiency. This paper analyzes the application of electronic filters
in marine transceivers, with an emphasis on their role in ensuring signal selectivity, reducing
interference and improving the functionality of marine navigation and communication systems