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Prevention of air pollution from ships : review of carbon dioxide
No full textSmatra se kako je u moderno vrijeme održivi razvoj svojevrsni imperativ. Unutar održivog razvoja ubraja se čuvanje prirode te suzdržavanje od narušavanja ravnoteže čovjekove okoline. Upravo zbog toga tema ekološke osviještenosti i zaštite okoliša je gotovo nezaobilazna u svakoj sferi. Sve više raste svijest o potrebi za očuvanjem planeta, sprječavanja nastanka onečišćenja te otklon nastalih štetnih posljedica. Ovaj rad obrađuje temu sprječavanja zagađenja zraka s brodova s osvrtom na ugljičan dioksid. Naime, jasna je činjenica kako je promet pomorskih brodova jedan od onečišćivača atmosfere. Rad obrađuje sintezu očuvanja i zaštite okoliša, onečišćenja zraka te broda kao onečišćivača. U kontekstu toga razraditi će se i prilog VI. MARPOL 73/78 konvencije koje se tiču sprječavanja onečišćenja zraka. Navest će se i načini sprječavanja onečišćenja atmosfere s pomorskih brodova. U konačnici, smatra se kako zeleni brodovi predstavljaju budućnost jer ih pokreću obnovljivi izvori energije.It is considered that in modern times, sustainable development is a kind of imperative. Sustainable development includes preserving nature and refraining from disturbing the balance of the human environment. This is precisely why the topic of ecological awareness and environmental protection is almost unavoidable in every sphere. The awareness of the need to preserve the planet, to prevent the occurrence of pollution, and to remove the resulting harmful consequences is growing more and more. This paper deals with the topic of preventing air pollution from ships with reference to carbon dioxide. Namely, it is a clear fact that maritime ship traffic is one of the polluters of the atmosphere. The work deals with the synthesis of preservation and protection of the environment, air pollution and the ship as a polluter. In the context of this, Annex VI will also be elaborated. MARPOL 73/78 conventions concerning the prevention of air pollution. Ways to prevent atmospheric pollution from seagoing ships will also be listed. Ultimately, green ships are considered to represent the future as they are powered by renewable energy sources
Fleet management improvement systems
No full textKroz posljednjih dvadesetak godina, broj vozila na cestama raste čime raste i potreba prijevoza tereta vozilima te troškovi istih. Kako bi se reducirali svi ti troškovi, povećali profiti i olakšali poslovi uprava poduzeća i zaposlenika, poduzeća ulažu u nove tehnologije. Njihova je zadaća da, upotrebom raznih hardverskih i softverskih uređaja i aplikacija te smanje potrošnje goriva, vrijeme provedeno za volanom. Optimizacijom ruta i transporta nastoji se uspostaviti bolju komunikaciju između klijenata, poduzeća i zaposlenika kako bi poduzeće postalo konkurentno na tržištu istoga. U ovome radu definirani su neki od sustava koje poduzeća primjenjuju kako bi se unaprijedili vozni parkovi, odnosno Fleet Management i smanjili troškovi te su za pojedine sustave navedeni konkretni primjeri koji se upotrebljavaju u Hrvatskoj.Over the last twenty years, the number of vehicles on the roads has been increasing, increasing the need for transport of cargo by vehicles and the costs thereof. In order to reduce all these costs, increase profits and facilitate business management and employees, companies invest in new technologies. Their task is to reduce fuel consumption by using various hardware and software devices and applications, the time spent behind the wheel. The optimisation of routes and transport aims to establish better communication between clients, businesses and employees in order to make the company competitive on the same market. This paper defines some of the systems used by companies to improve vehicle fleets, i.e. Fleet Management and reduce costs, and some systems provide specific examples used in Croati
Application of hydrogen as a fuel
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu objašnjeni su elementi koji se odnose na analizu i primjenu vodika kao goriva, obuhvaćajući metode proizvodnje, skladištenja, transporta, primjene, ekonomske održivosti i okvira politike. Udubljuje se u metode proizvodnje vodika, od parne reforme metana do biološke proizvodnje vodika, razjašnjavajući njihove prednosti i izazove. Metode skladištenja vodika, uključujući skladištenje stlačenog plina i kemijsko skladištenje vodika, analizirane su zbog njihove učinkovitosti i potencijala. Primjena vodika kao goriva secira se u kontekstima kao što su vozila s gorivim ćelijama, prijevoz teških tereta i ekonomska održivost. Naglašene su ekološke i ekonomske prednosti vodika, zajedno s njegovom globalnom konkurentnošću. Istražuje se međunarodna suradnja, harmonizacija standarda i okviri politike, ističući njihovu vitalnu ulogu u održivom gospodarenju vodikom kao gorivom.In this thesis, elements related to the analysis and application of hydrogen as a fuel are explained, including methods of production, storage, transportation, application, economic viability and policy framework. It delves into hydrogen production methods, from methane steam reforming to biological hydrogen production, elucidating their advantages and challenges. Hydrogen storage methods, including compressed gas storage and chemical hydrogen storage, are analyzed for their effectiveness and potential. Applications of hydrogen as a fuel are dissected in contexts such as fuel cell vehicles, heavy-duty transportation, and economic sustainability. The environmental and economic advantages of hydrogen are emphasized, along with its global competitiveness. International cooperation, harmonization of policy framework standards are being explored, highlighting their vital role in shaping a sustainable hydrogen economy
Ro-ro cargo transport tehnology by sea
No full textOpisivanje RO-RO brodova, njihove povijesti, podjele i obilježja, objedinjeno
je u posebnu pomorsku granu pod nazivom “Tehnologija prijevoza RO-RO tereta
morem. Nju čine brodovi koji su posebno građeni te imaju otvore na pramcu, krmi te
bokovima zajedno sa skupim rampama i čvrstim palubama. Sam početak RO-RO
sustava se javlja šezdesetih godina prošlog stoljeća. Tada započinje proizvodnja
posebnih brodova koji omogućuju prihvat tereta na kotačima horizontalnom
manipulacijom. Osim rampi, za RO-RO brodove su karakteristična i skladišta nalik
plovećim garažama, koje čine cjelinu i omogućuju bolje slaganje i prohodnost vozila.
Na području RH RO-RO tehnologija se najviše primjenjuje kod trajektnih linija.
Cjelokupni budući napredak RO-RO tehnologije ovisi o ulaganju i modernizaciji
sustava.Describing RO-RO ships, their history, division and characteristics, is combined
in a special maritime branch called “RO-RO cargo transport technology by sea”. Their
ships are specially built and have opening on the bow, stern and sides along with
expensive ramps and solid decks. The very begining of RO-RO system occures in the
sixties of the last century. That is when the production of special ships begins, which
allow loading of cargo on wheels using horizontal manipulation. Along with the ramps.
RO-RO ships are also characterized by warehouses smiliar to floating garages, which
form a whole and enable better stacking and passage of vehicles. In the teritory of
Republic of Croatia, RO-RO technology is mostly used in ferry lines. The overall
future progress od RO-RO technology depends on invensment and modernization of
the syste
Integration of intelligent transport systems to enhance parking space management in urban environments
No full textKorištenjem inteligentnih transportnih sustava u prometu pojednostavljuje se način rada usluga koje pruža promet. Kontinuiranim razvojem elemenata koje čine ITS pospješuje se efikasniji i sigurniji prijevoz robe i putnika, kao i bolji tok samog prometa.Inteligentni transportni sustavi se sastoje od različitih komponenti koje su jedinke same po sebi, no povezivanjem istih, te razmjenjivanjem informacija dolazi do jedinstvenog i pouzdanog sustava. ITS pripomažu u vođenju, pronalasku i upravljanju parkirnim prostorima. Analitikom i prikupljanjem informacija optimiziraju se parkirni prostori, kao i prometna infrastruktura. Uz razne prednosti, postoje i izazovi na koje se nailazi korištenjem ITS. Primjena ITS-a na parkirnim prostorima ima potencijal donijeti razne ekonomske koristi.By using intelligent transport systems in traffic, the mode of operation of services provided by traffic is simplified. Continuous development of the elements that make up ITS promotes more efficient and safer transport of goods and passengers, as well as a better flow of traffic itself. Intelligent transport systems consist of different components that are individuals in themselves, but connecting them and exchanging information leads to a unique and reliable system. ITS help guide, find and manage parking spaces. Analytics and information gathering optimize parking spaces, as well as traffic infrastructure. Along with various advantages, there are also challenges encountered using ITS. The application of ITS in parking spaces has the potential to bring various economic benefits
Contamination of hydraulic fluid
No full textU ovom radu govori se o negativnom utjecaju nečistoća na hidrauličke sustave i uređaje i kako ih spriječiti. Sam početak rada započinje općenito o fluidu, izvorima onečišćenja i kako nečisto će mogu dospjeti u sustav. Zatim slijede posljedice onečišćenja u dijelovima hidrauličkim sustavu. Nakon posljedica onečišćenja razmatramo uređaje i postupke koji se koriste se za kontrolu nečistoća. Prikazujemo načine na koji se mjeri onečišćenje i kako s e koriste za određivanje najboljih mjera za kontrolu onečišćenja. Zašto određujemo ciljanu čistoću sustava i kako je održavamo. U završetku rada govori se o materijalima filtra i njegovoj konstrukciji.This paper discusses the negative impact of impurities on hydraulic systems and devices and how to prevent them. The very beginning of the work begins in general about the fluid, sources of contamination and how impurit of contamination ies can get into the system. Then there are the consequences in parts of the hydraulic system. After the effects of pollution, we consider the devices and procedures used to control impurities. We show how contamination and how it is used to determine the best contamination is measured control measures. Why we determine system cleanliness and how we maintain it. At the end of the paper, the materials of the filter and its construction are discussed
State and perspective of passenger flow on Adriatic Sea cruise trips
No full textIndustrija kružnih putovanja jedna je od najdinamičnijih i najbrže rastućih segmenata
turističke industrije i pomorsko-putničkog prometa. Stopa rasta kružnih putovanja na globalnoj
razini konstantno se povećavala do pandemije COVID-19 koja je pogodila cijeli svijet, a
posebice industriju kružnih putovanja. Trenutno se industrija kružnih putovanja vraća na razinu
kretanja putnika prije pandemije, kako na globalnoj razini, tako na razini Mediterana i Jadrana.
Prema broju putnika i broju pristajanja kruzera, Jadran je u usporedbi s ostalim regijama
Mediterana (zapadni i Istočni Mediteran), trenutno najbrže rastuća regija kružnih putovanja u
Mediteranu. Stoga je osnovni problem ovog istraživanja analiza stanja i perspektive tokova
putnika na kružnim putovanjima Jadranom. Pri tome su osnovni ciljevi i struktura rada
usmjereni na analizu: intenziteta i dinamike tokova putnika na kružnim putovanjima, vodećih
luka i vodećih kompanija za kružna putovanja te održivost i budući razvoj Jadrana kao regije
za kružna putovanja, uzimajući istodobno stanje tokova putnika na kružnim putovanjima u
globalnom i regionalnom smislu Mediterana.The cruise industry is one of the most dynamic and fastest growing segments of the tourism
industry and maritime passenger traffic. The growth rate of cruises on a global level was
constantly increasing until the COVID-19 pandemic hit the whole world, and especially the
cruise industry. Currently, the cruise industry is returning to the level of passenger movement
before the pandemic, both globally and on the Mediterranean and Adriatic levels. According to
the number of passengers and the number of cruise ship calls, the Adriatic is, in comparison
with other regions of the Mediterranean (Western and Eastern Mediterranean), currently the
fastest growing region of cruises in the Mediterranean. Therefore, the basic problem of this
research is the analysis of the state and perspective of passenger flows on cruise trips along the
Adriatic. In doing so, the main goals and structure of the paper are focused on the analysis of:
the intensity and dynamics of passenger flows on cruise trips, the leading ports and leading
cruise companies, and the sustainability and future development of the Adriatic as a cruise
region, considering the state of passenger flows on cruise trips in the global and regional sense
of the Mediterranean
The analysis of ionospheric delay effects on GPS positioning in polar areas
No full textSignal koji je odaslan s GPS satelita ka njegovom korisniku, podložan je utjecaju ionosfere stvarajući tako njegovo kašnjenje. To kašnjenje signala naziva se ionosfersko kašnjenje te kao rezultat daje odstupanje položaja korisnika. Ionosfersko kašnjenje ovisi o nekoliko parametara; količini slobodnih elektrona, geografskom položaju korisnika itd. Ionosfera jest ionizirani sloj Zemlje koji je pod izravnim utjecajem Sunca. Sunčeva aktivnost s vremenom može biti jačeg intenziteta stvarajući tako geomagnetske oluje. Jedna od većih zabilježenih geomagnetskih oluje bila je 2015. godine u mjesecu ožujku.
Ovaj rad daje uvid u odstupanja položaja korisnika koji je smješten na sjevernom polu u periodu od 15 dana u ožujku 2015. godine. Na tri referentne stanice upotrijebit će se određena metodologija kojom će se istražiti problematika odstupanja korisnika te istražiti model ispravke ionosferskog kašnjenja.The signal sent from the GPS satellite to its user is under the influence of the ionosphere, thus creating its delay. This signal delay is called the ionospheric delay and as a result it gives a deviation of the user's position. The ionospheric delay depends on several parameters: the amount of free electrons, the geographical position of the user etc. The ionosphere is the ionized layer of the Earth that is under the direct influence of the Sun. Solar activity can increase its intensity over time, creating geomagnetic storms on planet Earth. One of the biggest recorded geomagnetic storms was in 2015 in March.
This paper provides an insight into the deviations of the user position who is located at the North Pole during a period of 15 days in March of 2015. At three reference stations, a specific methodology will be used to investigate the problem of user deviation and to investigate correction model for ionospheric delay
Fostering Sustainable LNG Bunkering Operations: Development of Regulatory Framework
No full textAbstract: Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a liquid form of natural gas, predominantly composed of methane, that has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional hydrocarbon fuels in the maritime transportation sector due to its lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. As the world shifts towards renewable energy sources, LNG is increasingly recognized as a bridge fuel that can help mitigate global warming. However, the production and use of LNG can result in methane emissions, which have a higher global warming potential than carbon dioxide. To address this issue, competent authorities aim to develop regulatory frameworks to reduce the potential environmental impact of LNG and promote its use as a cleaner fuel in the maritime sector. We used a systematic approach to selecting and synthesizing the sources relevant to the LNG bunkering process to provide an overview of the current state of regulations, standards, guidance, and trends in LNG bunkering to minimize the potential adverse environmental impacts
Regulation of cooling system
No full textOvaj završni rad se temelji na opisu i razradi brodskog sustava rashladne vode koja se koristi za hlađenje glavnog dizel motora, pomoćnih motora i razne opreme na brodu. Opisani su krugovi hlađenja, cjevovodi, elementi u sustavu, regulacijski elementi i krugovi zajedno sa njihovim principima rada neizbježnim za automatiziran rad sustava mora i slatke vode za hlađenje.This thesis is based on the description and elaboration of the ship's cooling water system, which is used to cool the main diesel engine, auxiliary engines and various equipment on board. Cooling circuits, pipelines, system elements, control elements and circuits are described together with their working principles essential for the automated operation of sea water and fresh water cooling systems