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Correlation between tourism and sustainable development in the coastal area
No full textRazvoj turizma neosporan je dio globalne ekonomije. U ovom pogledu može se reći kako je
turizam jedna od vodećih grana ljudske djelatnosti o čijem uspjehu ovisi ne samo opstanak
pojedinaca ili obitelji, već i regija i država također. Turističke aktivnosti u prostoru ostavljaju
značajan broj posljedica, upravo iz tog razloga razvijen je koncept održivog razvoja, kako bi se
omogućilo očuvanje prostora te biljnog i životinjskog svijeta koje ga koristi kao svoje prirodno
stanište. Obalna područja uvijek su predstavljala važne i strateške prostore za razvoj
čovječanstva, pa je isti slučaj i s razvojem turizma na tom području. Od ključne važnosti za
obalno područje je upravo implementacija održivog razvoja u sve sektore ljudskog djelovanja,
s posebnim naglaskom na turizam. Pritom, razvijen je značajan broj metoda procjene utjecaja
turizma na obalno područje, pa se sukladno dobivenim rezultatima primjenjuje i integrirano
upravljanje obalnim područjem sa svrhom korištenja njegovih potencijala isključivo u
pozitivne, razvojne svrhe te očuvanja svih resursa.The development of tourism is an undeniable part of the global economy. In this respect, it can
be said that tourism is one of the leading branches of human activity, the success of which
depends not only on the survival of individuals or families, but also regions and countries.
Tourist activities in the area leave a significant number of consequences, precisely for this
reason the concept of sustainable development was developed, in order to enable the
preservation of the area and the flora and fauna that use it as their natural habitat. Coastal areas
have always represented important and strategic spaces for the development of humanity, so
the same is the case with the development of tourism in that area. Of key importance for the
coastal area is the implementation of sustainable development in all sectors of human activity,
with special emphasis on tourism. At the same time, a significant number of methods for
assessing the impact of tourism on the coastal area have been developed, so in accordance with
the results obtained, the integrated management of the coastal area is applied with the purpose
of using its potential exclusively for positive, developmental purposes and the preservation of
all resources
"Last-mile" delivery
No full textLast mile dostava predstavlja završnu fazu logističkog lanca, u kojoj se proizvodi isporučuju krajnjem korisniku. Ova faza je ključna u opskrbnom lancu jer značajno utječe na iskustvo kupaca, ali i na ukupne troškove isporuke. S obzirom na kontinuirani rast internetske trgovine, gradska dostava postaje sve složenija, te je procese potrebno optimizirati kako bi se smanjili troškovi i povećala učinkovitost. U radu se analiziraju različiti čimbenici, uključujući tehnologiju i infrastrukturu, koji utječu na proces i troškove isporuke. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na inovativna rješenja kao što su autonomna vozila, dronovi i električna vozila, te na njihov potencijal za smanjenje negativnih utjecaja na okoliš. Također, istražuje se kako urbana logistika može postati održivija kroz optimizaciju ruta, korištenje ekološki prihvatljivih vozila i smanjenje emisija CO2. Kroz analizu trenutnih praksi i budućih trendova, ovaj rad nastoji pružiti sveobuhvatan pregled ključnih izazova i mogućnosti u last mile dostavi.Last mile delivery represents the final stage of the logistics chain, in which the products are delivered to the end user. This stage is crucial in the supply chain because it significantly affects the customer experience, as well as the overall cost of delivery. Given the continuous growth of online commerce, urban delivery is becoming more and more complex, and processes need to be optimized to reduce costs and increase efficiency. This paper analyzes how various factors, including technology and infrastructure, affect the delivery process and costs. Special emphasis was placed on innovative solutions such as autonomous vehicles, drones and electric vehicles, and on their potential to reduce negative environmental impacts. Also, it is being investigated how urban logistics can become more sustainable through the optimization of routes, the use of environmentally friendly vehicles and the reduction of CO2 emissions. Through an analysis of current practices and future trends, this paper seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the key challenges and opportunities in last mile delivery
Ports of nautical tourism
No full textHrvatski turizam jedan je od ključnih i bitnih zamašnjaka hrvatskog gospodarstva čiji razvoj u velikoj mjeri determinira ekonomske i društvene procese u zemlji, dok istodobno sudjelovanje na konkurentnom međunarodnom turističkom tržištu predstavlja značajne izazove.
Nautički turizam kategorizira se kao jedan od najatraktivnijih, najperspektivnijih i ujedno najprofitabilnijih turističkih proizvoda Hrvatske, a svojom prepoznatljivošću na međunarodnom i domaćem tržištu pridonosi turističkom ugledu Hrvatske.
Sve procjene i predviđanja za slijedeće razdoblje govore da će nautički turizam imati tendenciju rasta, a Hrvatska kao vodeća zemlja u nautičkom turizmu na području Sredozemlja uz postojeći veliki potencijal koji posjeduje mora prepoznati tu priliku i dodatno se pozicionirati na poziciji na kojoj se nalazi u svim segmentima razvoja.
Luke nautičkog turizma usko su vezane za razvoj nautičkog turizma što znači da njihov razvoj zahtjeva daljnja istraživanja kao i interdisciplinarnost, te racionalno i ekološko planiranje.Croatian tourism is one of the key and important flywheels of the Croatian economy, whose development largely determines economic and social processes in the country, while at the same time participation in the competitive international tourist market presents significant challenges.
Nautical tourism is categorized as one of the most attractive, promising and at the same time
the most profitable tourist products in Croatia, and its recognition on the international and
domestic markets contributes to Croatias tourism reputation.
All estimates and predictions for the next period indicate that nautical tourism will have a
tendency to grow, and Croatia, as a leading country in nautical tourism in the Mediterranean
area, with its existing great potential, must recognize this opportunity and additionally
position itself in the position it is in all segments of development
Technical characteristics and applications of modern Schottel and Kongsberg marine propulsion systems
No full textOvaj pregledni rad analizira različite vrste brodskih porivnika, s posebnim naglaskom na njihove tehničke karakteristike, prednosti i primjene u suvremenoj pomorskoj industriji. Prvi dio rada fokusira se na osnovne principe rada i dizajna porivnika, uključujući hidrodinamičke aspekte i njihov utjecaj na učinkovitost plovila. Nadalje, detaljno se razmatraju specifične vrste porivnika marke Schottel i Kongsberg kao što su tunelski, azimutni, kapsulni potisnici i trajno magnetni pogoni. U drugom dijelu rada, posebna pažnja posvećena je porivnicima s promjenjivim usponom krila, s naglaskom na njihova osnovna obilježja, mehanizme prilagodbe uspona. Kroz usporednu analizu različitih tehnologija, rad pruža uvid u njihov doprinos operativnim performansama plovila i mogućnosti primjene u različitim uvjetima plovidbe. Zaključak rada osvrće se na buduće smjerove razvoja brodskih porivnika, s posebnim naglaskom na ekološki prihvatljive sustave i integraciju novih tehnologija.This review paper analyzes various types of ship propellers, with a particular focus on their technical characteristics, advantages, and applications in the modern maritime industry. The first part of the paper is dedicated to the basic principles of propeller operation and design, including hydrodynamic aspects and their impact on vessel efficiency. Furthermore, specific types of propellers from Schottel and Kongsberg, such as tunnel thrusters, azimuth thrusters, pod thrusters, and permanent magnet drives, are examined in detail. In the second part of the paper, special attention is given to controllable pitch propellers, focusing on their fundamental features and pitch adjustment mechanisms. Through comparative analysis of different technologies, the paper provides insights into their contribution to the operational performance of vessels and their applicability in various navigational conditions. The conclusion discusses future directions in the development of ship propellers, with a special emphasis on environmentally friendly systems and the integration of new technologie
Seawater exposure effect on crashworthiness of CFRP tubes
No full textThis study investigates the effects of seawater exposure on the crashworthiness of two types of carbon/epoxy composite tubes under quasi-static compression. Carbon/epoxy composites, widely used in maritime structures due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance, may experience altered mechanical properties when exposed to harsh marine conditions. To evaluate these effects, quasi-static crushing tests were conducted on composite tubes after a one-month exposure to natural seawater. Composite tubes were manufactured using hand layup and prepreg technique. By analyzing the behavior of these composite structures under controlled compression, the study aims to provide insights into their structural integrity in marine environments. Results indicate a significant impact of seawater exposure on the crashworthiness of carbon/epoxy composites. The maximum tensile force is considerably lower after the exposure, and hand layup specimens generally withstand the exposure much better than prepregs. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of material behavior in marine applications, offering practical guidelines for designing and maintaining composite-based maritime infrastructure
SIS system on FLNG facilities
No full textUkapljeni prirodni plin se kao energent nametnuo kao ključan energent u globalnoj tranziciji prema ekološki prihvatljivijim izvorima energije, te će u skorije vrijeme eksploatacija plina preuzeti vodeću ulogu na karti naftne i plinske industrije. U svijetlu geopolitičkih previranja, plin kao energent prepoznat je i od strane vlada država kao strateško sredstvo zbog svoje visoke energetske učinkovitosti i iskoristivosti, što državama daje određeni stupanj samostalnosti i neovisnosti. Vođeni ovim razmišljanjem, odobalna postrojenja za ukapljivanje, skladištenje i otpremanje ukapljenog prirodnog plina pokazale su se kao prihvatljivo rješenje koje državama i plinskim kompanijama omogućava sigurnu, efikasnu i ekološki prihvatljivu soluciju za eksploataciju prirodnog zemnog plina. Međutim, složenost ovih postrojenja, zajedno s potencijalnim sigurnosnim rizicima, zahtijeva visoku razinu tehničkog znanja i upotrebu naprednih sigurnosnih sustava. S ciljem smanjenja rizika za ljudske živote, brod i okoliš na ovu vrstu plovila uveden je integrirani sigurnosni sustav koji upravlja procesima na postrojenju, te u slučaju nužde prekida procesa garantirajući time integritet postrojenja i procesa, a posljedično i ljudskih života. U ovom radu opisan je postrojenje za ukapljivanje, skladištenje i otpremanje ukapljenog prirodnog plina, sa osvrtom na sigurnosni integrirani sustav postrojenja.Liquefied natural gas has emerged as a key energy source in the global transition to more environmentally friendly energy solutions. In the near future, gas exploitation is expected to take a leading role in the oil and gas industry. In light of geopolitical tensions, gas has also been recognized by governments as a strategic resource due to its high energy efficiency and usability, providing countries with a certain degree of independence and autonomy. Guided by this understanding, offshore facilities for liquefaction, storage, and transportation of LNG have proven to be an acceptable solution, offering governments and gas companies a safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly method for exploiting natural gas. However, the complexity of these facilities, along with potential safety risks, requires a high level of technical expertise and the use of advanced safety systems. To mitigate risks to human life, the vessel, and the environment, an integrated safety system has been introduced on such facilities to manage onboard processes and ensure safe shutdowns in emergencies, thereby protecting the integrity of both the facility and human life. This thesis describes a floating liquefaction, production and storage vessel, with a focus on the integrated safety system of the facility
ECDIS education and training
No full textRazvoj ECDIS sustava dao je velik doprinos jednostavnijoj navigaciji i sigurnijoj plovidbi, ali je i dalje prisutno više ili manje raznovrsnih nedostataka, od kojih je jedan od upravo edukacija. U ovom je radu prikazana službena izobrazba i naobrazba vezana za sustav, sa ciljem isticanja postojećih izazova i važnosti njihova rješavanja. Osim toga, u radu je objašnjena arhitektura ECDIS sustava i njegove komponente, kao i razvitak elektroničke navigacije. Dodatno su objašnjene vrste i razlike između pomorskih navigacijskih karata te razvoj i uvođenje ECDIS sustava i njegov smještaj na mostu. Kroz temeljni dio rada prikazane su i prodiskutirane vrste edukacija i njihove značajke. Identificirano je nekoliko ključnih problema u ECDIS obrazovanju koji automatski smanjuju sigurnost u plovidbi. Navedeni su i primjeri ljudskih grešaka koje su prouzrokovale pomorske nesreće i ukazano je na važnost ključnih sigurnosnih postavki.The development of the ECDIS system made a big contribution to simpler navigation and safer sailing. However, some deficiencies that vary in nature still exist, ECDIS education being one of them. This paper presents official training and education related to the ECDIS system with the aim of highlighting the existing challenges and the importance of solving them. In addition, the paper explains the architecture of the ECDIS system and its components, as well as the development of electronic navigation. Additionally, different types of marine navigation charts and their differences are explained. The paper also discusses the development and implementation of the system and its placement on the bridge. Through the main part of this paper, types of education and their features are presented and discussed. Several key problems reducing safety in ECDIS education have been identified. Examples of human errors that caused maritime accidents are also given and the importance of key safety settings was pointed out
Ship microgrid safety enhancement with integrated energy storage
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu opisane su arhitekture brodske mikromreže i načini upravljanja. Izvršena je usporedba brodskih mikromreža s istosmjernim i izmjeničnim razvodom. Obrađena je droop metoda, sustav upravljanja energijom kao i sustav skladištenja energije u brodskoj mikromreži. Opisana su baterijska skladišta energije, zamašnjaci, super kondenzatori, supravodljive zavojnice te hibridni sustav baterije i super kondenzatora. Ovaj rad također obrađuje zaštitno sklopne aparate u brodskoj mikromreži. Opisani su budući trendovi u brodskoj industriji, a u zaključku je sintetiziran cijeli rad te čitatelju daje bolji uvid o problematici brodskih mikromreža.In this diploma thesis, ship microgrid architectures and management methods are described. A comparison of marine microgrids with DC and AC distribution was made. The droop method, the energy management system, as well as the energy storage system in the ship's microgrid are covered. Battery energy storage, flywheels, super capacitors, superconducting coils and a hybrid battery and super capacitor system are described. This paper also deals with the protective switchgear in the marine microgrid. Future trends in the shipping industry are described, and the entire paper is synthesized in the conclusion, giving the reader a better insight into the issue of shipboard microgrids
Legal analysis of collision at sea
No full textZavršni rad Pravna analiza sudara na moru bavi se utvrđivanjem pravila u međonarodnim vodama, preventivnim radnjama za izbjegavanje sudara, utvrđivanje odgovornosti u slučaju nastanka štete, kao i opsegu odgovornosti svih uključenih u lancu odgovornosti. Detaljno su objašnjena COLREG pravila, odredbe Pomorskog zakonika Republike Hrvatske, te su pruženi statistički podaci o ozrocima, ali i faktorima koji utječu na sigurnost pomorske plovidbe.The thesis Legal Analysis of Maritime Collisions deals with establishing rules in international waters, preventive measures to avoid collisions, determining liability in case of damage, and the extent of responsibility of all involved in the chain of liability. COLREG rules are explained in detail, along with provisions of the Maritime Code of the Republic of Croatia, and statistical data on causes and factors influencing maritime safety are provided
Optimisation of the coast guard resource deployment in semi - enclosed seas as a function of the national security
No full textPreduvjet postizanja više razine nacionalne sigurnosti obalnih država ostvaruje se efikasnom provedbom nadzora i zaštite mora u cilju smanjenja sigurnosnih prijetnji i rizika na moru. Posebnu ulogu u tome ima geografski i geostrateški razmještaj pomorskih lokacija obalne straže. U doktorskom radu istraženi su i analizirani relevantni čimbenici koji imaju utjecaj na učinkovitost provedbe nadzora i zaštite prava i interesa obalnih država u poluzatvorenim morima. Podrobno su objašnjena poluzatvorena mora u svijetu. Detaljno su analizirane strukture odgovarajućih tijela državne uprave odnosne obalne države u operativnoj efikasnosti provedbe zaštite prava i interesa u morskim prostorima. Sintetizirani su relevantni slučajevi povrede prelaska državne granice na moru. Izvršena je detaljna analiza sigurnosti pomorskog prometa. Prikupljeni su podaci o brodskom, robnom i putničkom prometu u pomorskim lukama. Provedena je komparativna analiza dominantnih modela ustroja obalnih straža u svijetu s obalnom stražom odnosne države. U odnosu na prostorni razmještaj sustavno su proučene karakteristike i ograničenja izabranih pomorskih lokacija u odnosnom poluzatvorenom moru. Na temelju toga, a u svrhu postizanja više razine zaštite nacionalnih prava i interesa obalnih država na moru, utvrđeni su kriteriji i potkriteriji kao najvažniji korak u rješavanju postavljenog problema istraživanja. Sustavnom analizom definiranih višedimenzionalnih kriterija, težinskih koeficijenata, kvantitativnih i kvalitativnih mjera, izrađen je model optimizacije prostornog razmještaja resursa obalne straže u poluzatvorenom moru odnosne obalne države u funkciji nacionalne sigurnosti. Izrađeni model optimizacije prostornog razmještaja resursa obalne straže baziran je na metodi višekriterijskog odlučivanja te je opisan matematičkim modelom višekriterijske analize. Za ključni dio istraživanja, realizaciju i izradu modela u odnosu na klasičnu prostornu koncepciju razmještaja resursa obalne straže, korištene su metode za višekriterijsko odlučivanje i analizu te programska podrška za analizu ulaznih podataka. Pomoću metoda za višekriterijsko odlučivanje (PROMETHEE i GAIA) međusobno su uspoređene i rangirane pomorske lokacije. Rangiranje pomorskih lokacija omogućava obalnoj državi planiranje i razvoj pomorskih lokacija za smještaj resursa obalne straže jer određuje prioritet izbora između predloženih pomorskih lokacija. Validacija izrađenog optimizacijskog modela izbora pomorskih lokacija izvršena je u sjevernoj i srednjoj geografskoj cjelini Jadranskog mora II - istočni dio. U praktičnom smislu validacija je potvrdila ispravnost izrađenog modela, budući da su predložene pomorske lokacije bile bolje rangirane u odnosu na referentne pomorske lokacije (postojeće vojne luke) temeljem postavljenih kriterija.The prerequisite to achieve a high level of national security of coastal states is realised through the efficient supervision and the sea protection in order to reduce security threats and risks at sea. A significant importance carries the geographical and geostrategic deployment of coast guard maritime locations. This doctoral thesis examines and analyses relevant factors that have an impact on the effectiveness of control and protection of the rights and interests of coastal states in semi - enclosed seas. Semi - enclosed seas in the world are minutely explained. The thesis studies and analyses the organisation of relevant state administration bodies of the respective coastal state in the operational efficiency of the implementation of the control and protection of rights and interests in maritime areas. It synthesizes relevant cases of maritime border crossing violations. A thorough analysis of the safety of maritime transport is carried out. The thesis collects the result of ship, freight and passenger traffic in seaports and it provides an analytical comparison of dominant models of the organisation of coast guards in the world as well as the one of the respective country. Characteristics and limitations of the selected maritime locations in the respective semi - enclosed sea are systematically studied in relation to the spatial distribution. The proposed model for optimising the spatial distribution of coast guard resources is based on a multi criteria decision making method and is described by a mathematical multi criteria analysis model. The model integrates criteria and sub - criteria as the most important step in solving the research problem in order to result in a higher level of protection of national rights and interests of coastal states at sea. The optimisation model of the spatial distribution of coast guard resources in the semi - enclosed sea of the respective coastal state as a function of national security was developed through a systematic analysis of the defined multidimensional criteria, weighting coefficients, quantitative and qualitative measures. The crucial part of the research, realisation and development of a draft model in relation to the classical concept of spatial distribution of resources, is based on the use of the PROMETHEE methods for partial and complete ranking, GAIA method for a geometric display of results and Visual PROMETHEE Academic Edition software for the analysis of input data. The ranking of maritime locations enables the coastal state to plan and develop the maritime locations for the deployment of coast guard resources. IV It determines the priority of choice among the proposed maritime locations. The validation of the proposed optimisation model for the selection of maritime locations was carried out in northern and central geographical units of the Adriatic Sea - the eastern part although it is applicable to any other similar maritime location. The validation has confirmed the correctness of the created model since the proposed maritime locations have been ranked better in comparison to the reference ones (the existing ports) based on set criteria