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Ecological aspects of sanitary wastewater from ships
No full textBrodarska industrija, kao bazna gospodarska grana za pomorski prijevoz, razvija se velikom brzinom, što vodeni ekološki sustav neminovno čini izloženim različitim vrstama otpada i onečišćenja. Brodovi i druga plovila umnogome doprinose onečišćenju okoliša. U ovom diplomskom radu opisani su i analizirani najvažniji čimbenici koji utječu na onečišćenje mora sanitarnim otpadnim vodama s brodova. Obrazložena je podjela, svojstva i karakteristike sanitarnih otpadnih voda na plovilima i njihov štetni utjecaj na ljude, živi svijet u moru i gospodarstvo. Posebno je prikazan utjecaj velikih putničkih brodova na okoliš te načini i vrste onečišćenja priobalja i morskog ekosustava odnosno štetne posljedice koje iz toga proizlaze. Navedeni su međunarodni, regionalni i nacionalni pravni propisi kojima se regulira postupanje sa sanitarnim otpadnim vodama na plovilima. Prezentirani su uređaji i sustavi za obradu i pročišćavanje sanitarnih otpadnih voda na plovilima i način njihova rada. Primjenom novih materijala, prihvaćanjem inovativnih rješenja te propisanih procedura, postižu se određeni rezultati, usprkos tome što povećana aktivnost na moru povećava i količinu onečišćenja.The shipping industry, as a fundamental economic branch for maritime transport, is developing at a great speed, which inevitably makes the aquatic ecological system exposed to various types of waste and pollution. Ships and other vessels significantly contribute to environmental pollution. This thesis describes and analyzes the most important factors affecting sea pollution by sewage wastewater from ships. The division, properties, and characteristics of sewage wastewater on vessels and their harmful impact on humans, marine life, and the economy are explained. The impact of large passenger ships on the environment, as well as the methods and types of coastal and marine ecosystem pollution and the harmful consequences that arise from it, are particularly highlighted. International, regional, and national legal regulations governing the handling of sewage wastewater on vessels are listed. Devices and systems for the treatment and purification of sewage wastewater on vessels and their mode of operation are presented. By applying new materials, accepting innovative solutions, and following prescribed procedures, certain results are achieved despite the fact that increased activity at sea increases the amount of pollution
Superyacht construction elements
No full textCilj ovog završnog rada je analizirati konstrukcijske i tehnološke elemente super jahti, uključujući trup, palube, propulziju, te sustave stabilizacije U radu se objašnjava povijesni kontekst super jahti, odnosno njihovo pojavljivanje kao i sama popularizacija, podjela super jahti na različite vrste na motorne super jahte, super jahte na jedra i gulet super jahte , super jahte s dva ili tri trupa, sport fisher i na super jahte support super jahte. te ekonomske zakonitosti u biznisu sa super jahtama kao i stanje flote super jahti. Kod dizajna i projektiranja super jahti koriste se inovativni materijali i napredne tehnologije s obzirom da su njihovi naručitelji manje opterećeni troškovima gradnje.The goal of this paper is to analyse superyacht construction elements including the hull, decks, propulsion and stabilisation systems. In the paper are explain the history and popularisation of superyachts, the various types of superyachts such as motor superyachts, sailing and gulet superyachts, sport cruiser superyachts, multi-hull superyacht, sport fisher superyachts and support superyachts, also the economics of the yachting business, as well as the current superyacht fleet. Since budget constraints are a lot smaller in the construction and superyacht design, the shipbuilders use innovative materials and advanced technologies
Sensors in road infrastructure
No full textOvaj rad istražuje ulogu i primjenu inteligentnih senzora u cestovnoj infrastrukturi, s naglaskom na njihove prednosti, izazove, utjecaj na prometnu politiku i urbanističko planiranje, te buduće inovacije. Inteligentni senzori omogućuju prikupljanje podataka u stvarnom vremenu, što poboljšava upravljanje prometom, smanjuje zastoje, povećava sigurnost i doprinosi održivosti okoliša. Korištenjem naprednih tehnologija poput interneta stvari (IoT), umjetne inteligencije (AI) i 5G mreža, senzorski sustavi mogu značajno unaprijediti prometne sustave. Rad analiza ključne komponente i tehnologije senzorskih sustava, proučava relevantne studije slučaja i nudi preporuke za učinkovitu implementaciju. Predstavljeni su izazovi kao što su visoki troškovi, kompatibilnost s postojećom infrastrukturom, sigurnosni i privatni rizici, te potreba za kontinuiranom edukacijom. Također, istražuje se budući razvoj tehnologija senzora, uključujući nano-senzore, autonomne dronove za inspekciju i poboljšanu V2X komunikaciju, te njihov potencijal za daljnje unaprjeđenje cestovne infrastrukture i kvalitete života građana.This paper explores the role and application of intelligent sensors in road infrastructure, with an emphasis on their advantages, challenges, impact on transport policy and urban planning, and future innovations. Intelligent sensors enable real-time data collection, which improves traffic management, reduces congestion, increases safety and contributes to environmental sustainability. Using advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI) and 5G networks, sensor systems can significantly improve traffic systems. The paper analyzes the key components and technologies of sensor systems, studies relevant case studies and offers recommendations for effective implementation. Challenges such as high costs, compatibility with existing infrastructure, security and privacy risks, and the need for continuous education were presented. Also, the future development of sensor technologies, including nano-sensors, autonomous drones for inspection and improved V2X communication, and their potential for further improvement of road infrastructure and citizens' quality of life are explored
Automatic vehicle control
No full textU današnjem svijetu, automatizacija i autonomno upravljanje igraju sve značajniju ulogu, posebno u sektoru prometa. Pametni sustavi za upravljanje gradskim prometom koriste naprednu tehnologiju, uključujući senzore, brze komunikacije i umjetnu inteligenciju, kako bi smanjili prometne gužve i poboljšali mobilnost. Autonomna vozila koriste ove tehnologije za prepoznavanje i reagiranje na okolinu u stvarnom vremenu, oslanjajući se na sofisticirane algoritme, visokoprecizne senzore i robusne komunikacijske sustave. Njihova primjena obuhvaća osobni prijevoz, logistiku i dostavu, dok kibernetička sigurnost postaje ključna za zaštitu ovih sustava od potencijalnih prijetnji. Proizvođači ulažu velike napore u zaštitu vozila od potencijalnih napada na sustave, osiguravajući da podaci ostanu sigurni i pouzdani, što je ključno za izgradnju povjerenja korisnika u nove tehnologije i osiguranje sigurne primjene autonomnih vozila na cestama.
U ovome radu istražit će se različiti aspekti automatskog upravljanja vozilom, uključujući tehničke principe koji stoje iza ove tehnologije, trenutne trendove i dostignuća u industriji, kao i izazove i pitanja koja se pojavljuju u procesu implementacije ove inovacije. Kroz analizu literature, studija slučaja i relevantnih istraživanja, cilj je stvoriti sveobuhvatan pregled stanja autonomne vožnje i pružiti uvid u njezinu budućnost i potencijalne implikacije na društvo, ekonomiju i infrastrukturu.In today's world, automation and autonomous control play an increasingly significant role, especially in the transportation sector. Smart traffic management systems utilize advanced technology, including sensors, fast communications, and artificial intelligence, to reduce traffic congestion and improve mobility. Autonomous vehicles leverage these technologies to recognize and respond to their surroundings in real-time, relying on sophisticated algorithms, high-precision sensors, and robust communication systems. Their applications range from personal transportation to logistics and delivery, while cybersecurity becomes crucial in protecting these systems from potential threats. Manufacturers are making substantial efforts to safeguard vehicles from potential attacks on their systems, ensuring that data remains secure and reliable, which is essential for building user trust in new technologies and ensuring the safe deployment of autonomous vehicles on the roads.
This work will explore various aspects of autonomous vehicle control, including the technical principles behind this technology, current trends and advancements in the industry, as well as the challenges and issues that arise during the implementation of this innovation. Through the analysis of literature, case studies, and relevant research, the aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of autonomous driving and offer insights into its future and potential implications for society, the economy, and infrastructure
Analysis of the contribution of maritime agencies to the development of the maritime industry
No full textPomorske agencije predstavljaju svojevrsnu poveznicu u pomorskom sektoru, integrirajući različite grane pomorstva i javne vlasti. Njihove usluge su ključne za organizaciju i koordinaciju brojnih aktivnosti u luci, od ukrcaja i iskrcaja do informiranja brodara i lokalnih vlasti. Vrijeme je vrlo bitan faktor u pomorstvu, stoga agencije moraju fleksibilno i promptno reagirati na promjene kako ne bi nastali zastoji i dodatni troškovi. One svojom profesionalnom uslugom osiguravaju optimalno funkcioniranje pomorskog sustava. Bilo da nastupaju kao zastupnici brodara ili posrednici između brodara i krcatelja, dužnost im je zaštititi interese svih uključenih strana. Time podižu standarde i kvalitetu poslovanja u cjelokupnoj pomorskoj industriji. Usluge pomorskih agencija imaju integrativnu ulogu unutar pomorskog sektora, povezujući brojne dionike i osiguravajući efikasnost ključnih operacija u lukama i pomorskom prometu.Maritime agencies represent a kind of link in the maritime sector, integrating different branches of maritime affairs and public authorities. Their services are crucial for organizing and coordinating numerous activities in the port, from loading and unloading to informing shipowners and local authorities. Time is a very important factor in maritime affairs, therefore agencies need to react flexibly and promptly to changes in order to avoid delays and additional costs. With their professional service, they ensure the optimal functioning of the maritime system. Whether acting as representatives of shipowners or mediators between shipowners and shippers, they have a duty to protect the interests of all parties involved. In doing so, they raise standards and quality of business in the entire maritime industry. The services of maritime agencies play an integrative role within the maritime sector, connecting numerous stakeholders and ensuring efficiency of key operations in ports and maritime
transport
Bridge navigational watch alarm system
No full textSustav uzbunjivanja za navigacijsku stražu na mostu je implementiran kao obavezna
mjera u pomorskom prometu kako bi se povećala sigurnost plovidbe i zaštita života,
imovine i okoliša. Sustav je osmišljen kao odgovor na incidente koji su uzrokovani
nedostatkom pažnje časnika u navigacijskoj službi, kao i ostalih nezgoda koje su proizašle
iz nepažnje na mostu. Postoje brojni slučajevi kada su časnici navigacijske straže postali
onesposobljeni zbog iznenadnih infarkta miokarde, nesvijesti ili spavanja tijekom
izvršavanja dežurstva, što je potaknulo potrebu za sustavom koji bi mogao spriječiti
posljedice navedenog. Ovaj sustav ne samo što sprječava mnoge nesreće, već je i ključan
u spašavanju života posade broda. Sustav radi na način da daje vizualne i zvučne alarme
koji upozoravaju na neaktivnost posade na mostu. Sastoji se od ekrana za prikaz
informacija, tipkovnice za unos naredbi te raznih alarma za odašiljanje upozorenja.
Postoji raznovrsnost u izvedbama sustava od strane različitih proizvođača, a načini
uzbunjivanja na probleme na mostu propisani su konvencijama o kojima će u tekstu pisati
te su unificirani upravo radi važnosti samog sustava i vrlo lake prepoznatljivosti alarma.The Bridge Navigational Watch Alarm System (BNWAS) has been made mandatory in
maritime traffic to enhance navigational safety and protect life, property, and the
environment. BNWAS was developed in response to incidents caused by inattentive
navigational officers and other accidents resulting from bridge carelessness. Numerous
cases have been reported where navigation watch officers became incapacitated due to
sudden heart attacks, unconsciousness, or falling asleep while on duty, highlighting the
need for a system to mitigate such risks. This system is crucial for preventing accidents
and saving the lives of the ship's crew. BNWAS operates by issuing visual and audible
alarms to signal bridge crew inactivity. The system includes a display screen for
information, a keyboard for command input, and various alarms for warnings. Different
manufacturers offer varied system designs, but the alert methods are standardized by
conventions discussed in the text, ensuring easy recognition and the effectiveness of the
alarms due to the system's importance
Development of nautical tourism with regard to navigation safety and environmental protection
No full textNautički turizam sektor je koji se brzo razvija, a posljednjih godina je u ekspanziji. Razvio se kao podvrsta turizma. a podrazumijeva aktivnosti koje uključuju putovanje radi užitka u kombinaciji s plovidbom u vodenom okruženju. Osim toga, nautički turizam izrazito je značajan i kad je riječ o zapošljavanju. Ipak, nautički turizam sa sobom nosi određene mane i izazove kao što su ekološka osjetljivost, prenatrpanost prometa plovila, rizik sudara i povećani kibernetički rizici zbog digitalnih sustava, prijetnje od nenamjernih radnji. Glavni izazovi sigurnosti još su nedovoljno nautičko iskustvo među nautičarima, loša oprema na plovilima i nepoštivanje pomorskih propisa. Upravo su zato u sigurnosti plovidbe u nautičkom turizmu važni regulatorni okviri i pravila. Zbog zaštite okoliša i njegove sigurnosti, kao i poštivanja socio-kulturne autentičnosti, potrebno je usklađivanje s načelima održivog turizma. Mnoge su prednosti Jadranske obale za nautički turizam: razvedenost obale, povoljna klima, idealni vjetrovi, kao i prisutnost zaštićenih zaljeva i uvala te prekrasnih krajolika. Potrebno je u kontinuitetu raditi na kvaliteti nautičkog turizma i sigurnosti na moru.Nautical tourism is a rapidly developing sector that has been expanding in recent years. It has evolved as a subtype of tourism and involves activities that include traveling for pleasure combined with sailing in a water environment. Also, nautical tourism is very significant when it comes to employment. Nevertheless, nautical tourism brings certain disadvantages and challenges such as ecological sensitivity, overcrowded vessel traffic, collision risks, and increased cybersecurity risks due to digital systems, as well as threats from unintentional actions. The main safety challenges include insufficient nautical experience among sailors, poor equipment on vessels, and non-compliance with maritime regulations. Therefore, regulatory frameworks and rules are crucial for safety in nautical tourism. To protect the environment and ensure safety, as well as to respect socio-cultural authenticity, it is necessary to adhere to the principles of sustainable tourism. The Adriatic coast offers many advantages for nautical tourism: indented coastline, favorable climate, ideal winds, as well as the presence of protected bays and coves and beautiful landscapes. Continuous work on the quality of nautical tourism and maritime safety is essential
Hydraulic elements in system of modern steering gear
No full textTema ovog rada je hidraulični kormilarski uređaj koji se na brodu koristi za zakretanje lista kormila čime se postiže upravljanje brodom. U početnom dijelu rada opisano je što je to SOLAS konvencija te koji se propisi odnose na kormilarske uređaje, Potom se opisuju hidrostatski prijenosnici snage koji su temelj hidrauličnih kormilarskih uređaja. U daljnjem dijelu rada se opisuju dijelovi sustava koji su podijeljeni na pogon(pumpa), aktuatore, upravljačke elemente i radne cilindre kod jedne izvedbe ili krila kod druge i hidraulični fluid. Navedeni dijelovi sustava su pojedinačno obrađeni, a zajedno čine hidraulički sustav. Opisani su klipni kormilarski uređaj i sustav krilnog kormilarskog uređaja. Ovi sustavi se najviše ugrađuju na brodove i predstavljaju najbolju opciju za kormilarske uređaje.The topic of this paper is the hydraulic steering device used to turn the rudder blade which achieves the steering of the ship. The inital part of the paper describes what the SOLAS convention is and which regulations applys to steering devices. Then the hydroststaic power transmissions that are the basis of the hydraulic steeringare described. In the further part of the paper the parts of the system are described, which are divided into the drive(pump), actuators, control elements and working cylinders in one version or rotary vane steering gear in other and hydraulic fluid. The mentioned parts of the system are described separately and together they form hydraulic system. Hydraulic system of ram type steering gear and the hydraulic system of rotary vane type steering gear are described. These types of systems are often installed on ships and present best choice for installing steering gear
Terminals of the port of Rijeka in the logistics system
No full textTema rada su terminali riječke luke u sustavu logistike. Terminali su završne točke transportnog puta gdje se obavlja prijelaz i prihvat putnika ili robe, rukovanje teretom i njegova dostava, čime postaju ključna poveznica u transportnom lancu od proizvođača do potrošača. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati terminale riječke luke te detaljnije analizirati geoprometni položaj i analizu prometa luke Rijeka u usporedbi s lukom Trst. Opisuje se pojam logistike i logističkih sustava, luke i terminali te njihova podjela.The topic of this paper is the terminals of the Port of Rijeka in the logistics system. Terminals are the end points of the transport route where the transfer and reception of passengers or goods, handling of cargo, and its delivery take place, thus becoming a crucial link in the transport chain from the producer to the consumer. The aim of this research is to present the terminals of the Rijeka port and to conduct a more detailed analysis of the geo-traffic position and traffic analysis of the Rijeka port in comparison with the port of Trieste. The concepts of logistics and logistics systems, ports, and terminals, as well as their classification, are described
The role of port in the supply chain
No full textU globalnim dobavnim lancima morske su luke kritična prometna čvorišta u kojima se dodaje vrijednost i odvijaju se aktivnosti povezane s logistikom. Luka je vitalna za održavanje glatkog i efikasnog tijeka robe kroz globalne dobavne lance, olakšavajući međunarodnu trgovinu i ekonomsku integraciju.
U današnje vrijeme brzog razvoja, sve je veći i opsežniji prijevoz u kontejnerima te postavlja infrastrukturne izazove. Od luka se zahtijeva unaprijediti svoje objekte za rukovanje velikim plovilima i velikim količinama tereta. Učinkovitost luke bitno utječe na organizaciju cijelokupnog dobavnog lanca. Tako direktno utječe na planiranje logičkih procesa dobavljača, proizvođača, pružatelja logističkih usluga, špeditera, prijevoznika tereta i sve ostale sudionike lanca dobave. Vitalne su komponente međunarodnog dobavnog lanca te služe kao ključna sjecišta kretanja i usmjeravanja robe te olakšavaju besprijekornu povezanost različitih načina prijevoza, ukoliko je ona funkcionalno organizirana.
Danas napredne tehnologije bitno utječu na kvalitetu psolovanja luka, poput automatizacije i robotikekojeomogućujuoptimizaciju procesa, npr. brže i preciznije rukovanje teretom, smanjujući vrijeme potrebno za ukrcaj i iskrcaj. Tehnologije poput primjene različitih senzora i internet stvari (IoT) omogućuju npr. praćenje tereta u realnom vremenu, povećavajući transparentnost i sigurnost dobavnog lanca. Blockchain tehnologija može unaprijediti sigurnost i efikasnost kroz nepromjenjive zapise transakcija i smanjenje rizika od prijevara te se očekuju bitne promjene tržišta pri potpunom uvođenju ove tehnologije. Umjetna inteligencija i strojno učenje omogućuju predikciju potražnje, električna i autonomna vozila smanjuju emisije štetnih plinova i poboljšavaju održivost luka. Znatan utjecaj ima također primjena “Big data” analitike koja pomaže u donošenju informiranih odluka na temelju analize velikih količina podataka. Digitalne platforme za upravljanje lukama centraliziraju operacije i poboljšavaju koordinaciju među različitim sudionicima. Dronovi se koriste za inspekcije i nadzor, smanjujući potrebu za ljudskim radom u opasnim uvjetima, što bitno utječe na sigurnost odvijanja logističkih procesa.
Danas pametne luke koriste napredne tehnologije za optimizaciju resursa i povećanje razine održivosti, te na taj način imaju ključnu ulogu u dobavnom lancu.In global supply chains, seaports are critical transport hubs where value is added and logistics activities take place. A port is vital for maintaining the smooth and efficient flow of goods through global supply chains, facilitating international trade and economic integration.
The increasing volume of container transit in today's fast-paced growth era poses infrastructural issues, necessitating port upgrades to accommodate larger boats and higher cargo volumes. Throughout the whole supply chain, a business is impacted by a port's efficiency. It has an effect on manufacturers, freight forwarders, cargo carriers, suppliers, and other supply chain actors. Improved understanding of how port terminals operate can be advantageous to all parties involved. Because they act as vital hubs connecting nations and continents, ports are essential to the facilitation of international trade and logistics. They play a crucial role in the global supply chain by serving as entry points for the flow of commodities and facilitating smooth communication between various means of transportation.
Nowadays, advanced technologies significantly affect the quality of port management, such as automation and robotics, which enable process optimization, for example, faster and more precise cargo handling, reducing the time required for loading and unloading. Technologies such as the application of various sensors and the Internet of Things (IoT) enable, for example, real-time tracking of cargo, increasing the transparency and security of the supply chain. Blockchain technology can improve security and efficiency through immutable records of transactions and reduce the risk of fraud, and significant market changes are expected when this technology is fully introduced. Artificial intelligence and machine learning enable demand prediction, electric and autonomous vehicles reduce emissions and improve port sustainability. The application of "Big data" analytics, which helps in making informed decisions based on the analysis of large amounts of data, also has a significant impact. Digital port management platforms centralize operations and improve coordination among different actors. Drones are used for inspections and surveillance, reducing the need for human labor in dangerous conditions, which significantly affects the safety of logistics processes.
Today, smart ports use advanced technologies to optimize resources and increase the level of sustainability, thus playing a key role in the supply chain