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Ship lease agreement
No full textOvaj rad detaljno analizira pravne aspekte ugovora o zakupu broda, počevši od osnovnih pojmova ugovora i ponude te postupaka sklapanja ugovora među nazočnima i odsutnima. Proučava se pravni okvir ugovora o zakupu broda, uključujući njegove ključne sastojke, poput broda, svrhe upotrebe, zakupnine i trajanja ugovora. Naglašene su razlike između ugovora o zakupu broda i brodarskog ugovora te su razrađeni obveze i odgovornosti ugovornih strana. Posebna pozornost posvećena je vrstama ugovora o zakupu broda, među kojima se ističu ugovor o zakupu broda na putovanje i ugovor na vrijeme. Razmatraju se i međunarodna pravila koja reguliraju pomorske ugovore, uključujući Haška pravila, Haško- Visbyjski protokol te Konvenciju UN-a o prijevozu robe morem. Rad se posebno osvrće na BIMCO obrasce, osobito BARECON 2001, koji predstavljaju standardizirane ugovorne obrasce široko prihvaćene u pomorskoj industriji. Preporučuje se daljnje unaprjeđenje i prilagodba tih obrazaca kako bi se nastavilo podržavati međunarodne standarde i osigurala zaštita ugovornih strana.This paper analyzes in detail the legal aspects of the ship charter contract, starting with the basic concepts of contract and offer and the procedures for concluding a contract between those present and those absent. The legal framework of the ship charter contract is studied, including its key ingredients, such as the ship, the purpose of use, the rent and the duration of the contract. The differences between the ship charter contract and the shipping contract are emphasized, and the obligations and responsibilities of the contracting parties are elaborated. Special attention is paid to the types of ship charter contracts, among which the voyage charter contract and the time contract stand out. International rules governing maritime contracts are also discussed, including the Hague Rules, the Hague-Visby Protocol and the UN Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea. The paper specifically focuses on BIMCO forms, especially BARECON 2001, which represent standardized contract forms widely accepted in the maritime industry. It is recommended that these forms be further improved and adapted in order to continue to support international standards and ensure the protection of contracting parties
Possibility of installation of a floating photovoltaic power plant in the aquatorium of the Primorsko-goranska county
No full textSunce je najveći čovjeku poznat izvor neograničene energije. U počecima ljudske civilizacije, Sunce je bilo smatrano božanstvom radi mnogih blagodati koje je davalo Homo sapiensu. S razvitkom civilizacije, čovjek je počeo otkrivati razmjere energije koje Sunce emitira u svemir te na planet Zemlju. S obzirom na čovjekov nepovratni utjecaj na planet Zemlju, posljednjih desetljeća sve više napora se ulaže u smanjenje istog te se čovječanstvo svim silama pokušava u što većoj mjeri okrenuti obnovljivim izvorima energije. Europska unija polaže velike nade u istu ideju s ciljem da do 2050. godine postane energetski neovisan kontinent. Pri ostvarivanju tog cilja, postavljen je imperativ svim članicama unije da počnu razvijati projekte s ciljem smanjenja korištenja fosilnih goriva za dobivanje energije. Da bi se ostvario taj cilj, potrebno je urediti zakonsku regulativu te izraditi razne studije kojima bi se ustanovilo na koji način je to ostvarivo. More čini 71 % Zemljine površine i u najvećoj je mjeri još uvijek neiskorišteno. Najnovija tehnološka rješenja omogućuju smještaje solarnih panela na morsku površinu te razni pilot projekti uspješno stvaraju ''besplatnu'' električnu energiju diljem svijeta. Republika Hrvatska je zemlja s ogromnim solarnim potencijalom, no još uvijek ne postoji inicijativa instalacije plutajućih fotonaponskih elektrana na morsku površinu Republike Hrvatske. U ovom radu će se opisati specifična tehnološka rješenja potrebna za smještaj solarnih panela na morsku površinu. Također će se proučiti postojeća zakonska regulativa i prikazati prednosti i nedostaci postojećih tehnologija Nadalje, postaviti će se kategorije faktora za koje se smatra da potencijalne lokacije moraju zadovoljiti, a zaključno prezentirat će se proračun za dvije predložene elektrane smještene u akvatoriju Primorsko-goranske županije na zaključno adekvatnim lokacijama.The Sun is the greatest source of unlimited energy known to man. In the beginnings of human civilization, the Sun was considered a deity because of the many benefits it gave to Homo sapiens. With the development of civilization, man began to discover the extent of the energy that the Sun emits into space and onto planet Earth. Considering man's irreversible impact on planet Earth, in recent decades more and more efforts have been made to reduce it, and humanity is trying with all its might to turn to renewable energy sources as much as possible. The European Union has high hopes for the same idea with the goal of becoming an energy independent continent by 2050. In order to achieve this goal, it is imperative for all members of the union to start developing projects aimed at reducing the use of fossil fuels for obtaining energy. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to adjust the legal regulations and create various studies to establish how this can be achieved. The sea makes up 71% of the Earth's surface and is still mostly unused. The latest technological solutions enable placement of solar panels on the sea surface, and various pilot projects successfully generate "free" electricity around the world. The Republic of Croatia is a country with enormous solar potential, but there is still no initiative to install floating photovoltaic power plants on the sea surface of the Republic of Croatia. This paper will describe the specific technological solutions required for placing solar panels on the sea surface. The existing legislation will also be studied and the advantages and disadvantages of existing technologies will be presented. Furthermore, the categories of factors that are considered to have to be met by potential locations will be set, and in conclusion, the calculation for two power plants located in the Primorsko-goranska county aquatorium at ultimately adequate locations will be presented
Analysis of maritime passenger traffic of Jadrolinija with applications of queuing theory
No full textU Hrvatskoj, zemlji s tisuću otoka, očita je potreba za razvojem kontinuirane pomorske
prometne povezanosti, koja je uvjet za daljnji ekonomski i demografski razvoj istih. S
ekonomskog gledišta pomorski putnički promet zbog karakteristike sezonalnosti, ne donosi
optimalnu ekonomsku iskorištenost kapaciteta, te je potrebno primjenom različitih
matematičkih analiza, modela i teorija doći do najpovoljnijeg rješenja, koje će s jedne strane
omogućiti stanovništvu otoka normalan život, dok se s druge strane mora težiti i
minimiziranju troškova i optimiranju prometne povezanost s kopnom kao i s drugim
otocima, uzimajući uvijek u obzir i održivost okoliša.
Jedna od teorija je i teorija redova čekanja, kojom će se u ovom radu analizirat sezonska
problematika, kao i pokušati naći najpovoljnije rješenje za optimalnu protočnost u vrijeme
„špice”, a isto tako i smanjenja čekanja u redovima. Turizam kao glavna gospodarska
djelatnost na hrvatskim otocima ima također sezonski karakter, te se javlja potreba za
traženjem optimalnog rješenja u svim sezonskim fazama.
U Hrvatskoj trenutno najveći udio u pomorskom putničkom prometu zauzima brodarsko
društvo Jadrolinija, koja svoju važnost, a ujedno i važnost povezanosti pomorskim
prometom, promovira sloganom „Linija života”. Prikazana metodologija je analizirana na
primjeru Jadrolinije i nekolicine njezinih trajektnih veza.In Croatia, a country with a thousand islands, there is an obvious need for the development
of continuous maritime transport connectivity, which is a condition for further economic and
demographic development. From an economic point of view, maritime passenger traffic does
not provide optimal economic capacity utilization due to its seasonal nature. Various
mathematical analyses, models and theories need to be used to find the most favourable
solution that will enable the population of the island to live normally, at the same time
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minimizing costs and optimizing traffic connections with the mainland and the other islands
while taking environmental sustainability into account.
One of the theories is the theory of waiting lines, which will be used in this paper to analyze
seasonal issues, as well as to find the most favourable solution for optimizing flow during
"peak hours" and reducing waiting times. Tourism, the main economic activity on the
Croatian islands, is of a seasonal character, so an optimal solution must be found for all
seasonal phases.
In Croatia, the largest share of maritime passenger traffic is currently occupied by the
shipping company Jadrolinija, which promotes its importance and the importance of
connections by maritime transport with the slogan “Lifeline.” The presented methodology is
analyzed using the example of Jadrolinija and several of its ferry connections
Organization of logistics processes in intermodal distribution of cargo
No full textKorištenje više od jedne vrste prijevoza za prijevoz stvari s jednog mjesta na drugo bez premještanja robe iz prijevozne jedinice naziva se intermodalni prijevoz. To čini proces učinkovitijim i štedi novac. Kako bi intermodalni prijevoz dobro funkcionirao, različite vrste prijevoza, poput željezničkog, cestovnog, pomorskog i zračnog prometa, moraju funkcionirati zajedno bez ikakvih problema. Standardizirani kontejneri koji se lako premještaju između različitih vrsta putovanja često se koriste za premještanje robe. Za planiranje i provedbu kretanja robe potreban je logistički okvir. To uključuje stvari kao što su pronalaženje najboljih ruta, praćenje inventara i gledanje gdje su pošiljke u svakom trenutku. Vrlo je važno da odgovarajuća infrastruktura bude izgrađena. Što uključuje intermodalne terminale, luke i željezničke terminale, tako da se roba može lako premjestiti između različitih vrsta prijevoza. Također ti terminali moraju biti opremljeni odgovarajućim pretovarnim sredstvima, te moraju biti sposobni brzo rukovati različitim vrstama tereta. Brodarske tvrtke, špediteri i pružatelji logističkih usluga, između ostalih, često moraju raditi zajedno kako bi osigurali da intermodalni proces dostave teče efikasno.The use of more than one type of transport to transport goods from one place to another without moving the goods from the transport unit is called intermodal transport. This makes the process more efficient and saves money. For intermodal transport to work well, different types of transport, such as rail, road, sea and air, must work together without any problems. Standardized containers that are easily moved between different types of travel are often used to move goods. A logistics framework is needed for planning and implementing the movement of goods. This includes things like finding the best routes, tracking inventory and seeing where shipments are at all times. It is very important to have adequate infrastructure, such as intermodal terminals, ports and railway stations, so that goods can be easily moved between different modes of transport. They must also be able to quickly handle different types of goods. Shipping companies, freight forwarders and logistics service providers, among others, often have to work together to ensure that the intermodal shipping process runs smoothly
Technology and organization of maritime transport
No full textTehnologije i organizacija u pomorskom prijevozu ključni su faktori koji utječu na učinkovitost i sigurnost plovidbe. Razvoj satelitskih navigacijskih sustava poput GPS-a i GLONASS-a omogućio je precizno određivanje položaja brodova, dok su elektronske nautičke karte (ENC) unaprijedile upravljanje rutama i sigurnost na moru. Organizacijski, međunarodne regulative poput SOLAS-a osiguravaju minimalne standarde za sigurnost brodova i zaštitu okoliša, dok su lučke operacije modernizirane primjenom automatiziranih sustava i telemetrije. Integracija novih tehnologija i organizacijskih praksi ključna je za daljnji razvoj pomorskog prijevoza u 21. stoljeću.Technologies and organization in maritime transport are key factors influencing efficiency and safety of navigation. The development of satellite navigation systems such as GPS and GLONASS has enabled precise determination of vessel positions, while electronic navigational charts (ENC) have enhanced route management and maritime safety. Organizationally, international regulations like SOLAS ensure minimum standards for vessel safety and environmental protection, while port operations have been modernized through the adoption of automated systems and telemetry. The integration of new technologies and organizational practices is crucial for further advancement of maritime transport in the 21st century
System of Motorways of the Sea in Europe
No full textPomorske prometnice potiču korištenje kombiniranog prijevoza s ciljem smanjenja
cestovnog prometa kako bi se umanjio negativan učinak na okoliš i ljude. Na području Europe
su uspostavljeni TEN - T koridori koji predstavljaju temelj za uspostavu pomorskih prometnica
te sve morske luke, riječne luke i željeznica na tim koridorima dobivaju veća financijska
sredstva za razvoj svoje infrastrukture i suprastrukture. U Europi se već koriste uspostavljeni
servisi od strane velikih špeditera zahvaljujući dobroj povezanosti i jednakoj razvijenosti
prometnih grana. Hrvatska zbog svoje dobre geografske pozicije ima potencijal za razvoj
pomorskih prometnica, ali njenu primjenu najviše usporava nerazvijenost željeznice u državi.
SWOT analiza pomorskih prometnica u Hrvatskoj omogućuje utvrđivanja njihovih snaga,
slabosti, prilika i prijetnji. Na temelju analize se može utvrditi da li se pomorske prometnice
mogu razviti u Hrvatskoj te što na to može utjecati.Motorways of the sea use combined transport with the goal to reduce road transport that
will have positive effects on environment and human health. TEN-T corridors are formed in
Europe which represent the foundation of motorways of the sea and all seaports, river ports and
railways on that corridors get bigger finance founds for development its infrastructure and
superstructure. Motorways of the sea are already in use in Europe by the big forwarders thanks
to good connection and evenly developed mods of transport. Croatia, thanks to its good
geographical location, has a potential to develop motorways of the sea, but its implementation
is slowed down due to undeveloped railway. SWOT analysis of motorways of the sea in Croatia
determines its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Analysis allows to determine
if motorways of the sea can be developed in Croatia and what can affect its implementation
Planning and design of the port infrastructure for the reception of hydrogenc : powered ships
No full textPlaniranje i projektiranje lučke infrastrukture za prihvat brodova na vodik predstavlja ključni korak prema ostvarenju održivijeg i ekonomski isplativijeg pomorskog sektora. U ovom radu istražuje se složenost ovog procesa koji uključuje analizu utjecaja na okoliš, implementaciju mjera za smanjenje ekološkog otiska, promociju održivih praksi i tehnologija te provedbu studija slučaja poput Holland Hydrogen 1. Kroz provedbu studija slučaja Holland Hydrogen 1, analizirani su rezultati i zaključci koji pokazuju kako integrirani pristup može doprinijeti smanjenju emisija stakleničkih plinova i poboljšanju ekonomske isplativosti. Nalazi istraživanja ukazuju na to da efikasno planiranje i projektiranje lučke infrastrukture za brodove na vodik može potaknuti održivost i ekonomsku isplativost korištenja vodika kao pogonskog goriva u pomorskom sektoru. Konkretno, implementacija novih tehnologija i održivih praksi može značajno smanjiti ekološki otisak i pridonijeti globalnim ciljevima zaštite okoliša i održivog razvoja. Zaključno, ovaj rad naglašava važnost sveobuhvatnog pristupa koji uključuje tehničke, ekonomske, ekološke i društvene aspekte kako bi se osigurala učinkovita i održiva lučka infrastruktura za prihvat brodova na vodik. Efikasno planiranje i projektiranje ne samo da omogućuje optimizaciju procesa proizvodnje, distribucije i korištenja vodika, već i promovira rast i razvoj u pomorskom sektoru, doprinoseći tako globalnim naporima za zaštitu okoliša i održiv razvoj.Planning and designing port infrastructure for the reception of hydrogen-powered ships represents a key step towards realising a more sustainable and economically profitable maritime sector. This paper explores the complexity of this process, which includes environmental impact analysis, the implementation of measures to reduce the ecological footprint, the promotion of sustainable practices and technologies, and the implementation of case studies such as Holland Hydrogen 1. Through the implementation of Holland Hydrogen 1 case studies, the results and conclusions show how an integrated approach can contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving economic profitability. Research findings indicate that efficient planning and designing of port infrastructure for hydrogen-powered II ships can promote the sustainability and financial profitability of using hydrogen as a propellant in the maritime sector. In particular, the implementation of new technologies and sustainable practices can significantly reduce the ecological footprint and contribute to the global goals of environmental protection and sustainable development. In conclusion, this paper highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach that includes technical, economic, environmental and social aspects to ensure an efficient and sustainable port infrastructure to accommodate hydrogen ships. Efficient planning and design not only enables the optimization of hydrogen production, distribution and use processes but also promotes growth and development in the maritime sector, thus contributing to global efforts for environmental protection and sustainable development
Evaluation of Service Quality in Passenger Transport with a Focus on Liner Maritime Passenger Transport—A Systematic Review
No full textEvery mode of passenger transport plays an important, strategic role in the lives of a country’s people, its economy, its global business, and its tourism. In today’s competitive world, passenger transport relies heavily on its performance, which in turn is determined by service quality provided to customers. The evaluation of service quality in passenger transport is crucial to ensure acceptable quality standards for users and to improve the services offered to passengers and travelers. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the methods used to evaluate service quality in passenger transport in the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection, with a particular focus on liner maritime passenger transport. The results show that a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods is most frequently used in the selected articles. However, the number of scientific articles dealing with this topic has increased in recent years. This shows the growing interest in analyzing service quality for a particular mode of transport. The majority of articles are assigned to the areas of Transportation, Business and Economics, Science and Technology, Environmental Sciences, etc. Future research should focus on evaluating service quality through the impact of new technologies such as artificial intelligence, including relevant factors, on service quality in passenger transport
Lubricating oils for air compressors
No full textU kontekstu pomorstva, gdje se tehnologija i inovacije neprestano razvijaju kako bi
udovoljile zahtjevima moderne plovidbe, ulja imaju ključnu ulogu u održavanju i
funkcionalnosti brodskih sustava. Kao sastavni dio održavanja motora, kompresorskih sustava
i drugih strojeva na brodu, ulja se suočavaju s različitim izazovima, te specifičnim uvjetima na
moru. Ovaj rad istražuje općenite karakteristike i važnost ulja u pomorstvu, fokusirajući se na
ulja zračnih kompresora, aditive, analize, svojstva zračnih kompresorskih ulja, njihovu
primjenu u specifičnim radnim uvjetima te zahtjeve, standarde i regulaciju koji oblikuju njihovu
primjenu. Kroz analizu i održavanje, istražuju se ključni elementi očuvanja optimalne
funkcionalnosti brodskih sustava, unapređujući njihovu učinkovitost, trajnost te ispunjavajući
visoke standarde ekološke održivosti. Ovaj rad pruža sveobuhvatan pregled uloge zračnih
kompresorskih ulja u kontekstu pomorstva, prepoznajući njihovu ključnu ulogu u održavanju
sigurne i učinkovite plovidbe.In the context of maritime operations, where technology and inovations are constantly
evolving to meet the demands of modern navigation, oils play a crucial role in the maintenance
and functionality of ship systems. As an integral part of engine maintenance, compressor
systems, and other machinery on board, oils face various challenges, and specific conditions at
sea. This paper explores the general characteristics and importance of oils in maritime
applications, focusing on marine oils for air compressors, additives, analyses, properties of air
compressor oils, their application in specific operating conditions, and the requirements,
standards, and regulations shaping their usage. Through analysis and maintenance, key
elements of preserving optimal functionality of ship systems are investigated, enhancing their
efficiency, durability, and meeting high standards of environmental sustainability. This paper
provides a comprehensive overview of the role of air compressor oils in the maritime context,
recognizing their key role in maintaining safe and efficient navigation