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Seafarers' employment contract
No full textPosao pomorca je specifičan po tome što se odvija na brodu, daleko od kopna
i civilizacije. Radno vrijeme često je duže od onoga koje je uobičajeno kod ostalih
zanimanja, a slobodno vrijeme se provodi također na radnom mjestu – brodu. Rad
pomoraca na brodu reguliran je Zakonom o radu, ali i različitim drugim međunarodnim
i nacionalnim propisima. Temelj zaposlenja pomoraca na brodu je ugovor o radu
pomoraca. Njime se uređuju pitanja radnog vremena i odmora, godišnjeg odmora,
plaće i druge naknade, prava na repatrijaciju i ostala prava i obveze pomorca i
njegovog poslodavca. Ovaj rad analizira temeljne karakteristike ugovora o radu
pomoraca i njegove specifičnosti te donosi prikaz primjera ugovora o radu pomoraca.The job of a seafarer is specific in that it takes place on a ship, far from land and
civilization. Working hours are often longer than usual in other occupations, and free
time is also spent at the workplace - the ship. The work of seafarers on board is
regulated by the Labor Act, but also by various other international and national
regulations. The basis of employment of seafarers on board is a seafarers' employment
contract. It regulates the issues of working hours and rest, annual leave, salary and
other allowances, the right to repatriation and other rights and obligations of the
seafarer and his employer. This paper analyzes the basic characteristics of seafarers'
employment contracts and its specifics, and provides an overview of examples of
seafarers' employment contracts
Croatia and marine protected area
No full textZaštićena morska područja imaju važnu ulogu u ublažavanju klimatskih promjena, očuvanju bioraznolikosti te kreiranju održivog načina života. Zadnjih par desetljeća je mnogo napravljeno po pitanju zakonske zaštite prirode i okoliša, kako u svijetu tako i u Hrvatskoj. Glavni razlog zaštite morskih područja u Hrvatskoj je očuvanje estetskih vrijednosti u svrhu bolje promidžbe turizma. Nije dovoljno samo proglasiti neko područje zaštićenim, već je nužno kontinuirano praćenje ljudskih ali i prirodnih utjecaja na okoliš kako bi se moglo pravovremeno reagirati.
Cilj ovog rada je istaknuti važnost zaštite morskih područja, utvrditi funkcioniraju li mehanizmi zaštite u Hrvatskoj, otkriti eventualne nedostatke te na temelju prikupljenih podataka dati prijedloge za usvajanje nekih novih praksi kako bi buduća zaštićena područja imala bolju podlogu za ostvarivanje ciljeva.Marine protected areas play an important role in climate change mitigation, biodiversity preservation and sustainability. In the last couple of decades, a lot has been done in protection of nature and the environment by legal instruments, both in the world and in Croatia. Preservation of aesthetic values of the landscape in the function of tourist advertisment is the main reason for the protection of marine areas in Croatia. It is not enough to declare an area as protected one, but it is necessary to continuously monitor human and natural impacts on the environment in order to react in time.
The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of marine protection, to determine whether protection mechanisms work in Croatia, to find possible shortcomings and on the basis of collected data to make proposals for the adoption of some new practices so that future protected areas have a better basis for success
Usage of english language in maritime industry
No full textTema ovog završnog rada je „Primjena engleskog jezika u pomorstvu“. Na samom početku rada, prikazan je razvoj engleskog jezika kao i širenje njegove upotrebe kroz kolonizaciju i globalizaciju. Razglaba se o izboru engleskog kao jezika koji će ujediniti pomorce. Nadalje, objašnjena je potreba za velikim razumijevanjem među članovima posade kao i problem komunikacije ljudi koji dolaze iz različitih kultura. Standardizacija i njena korisnost u razumijevanju, kao i u sprječavanju mogućih nezgoda nastalima kao posljedica nesporazuma, imat će velik utjecaj na ovaj rad. Pomorski engleski nastaje nadograđivanjem standardnog jezika. Odnosi se na komunikacijske fraze i teži jednostavnosti prenošenja ključnih informacija.The topic of this undergraduate thesis is "Application of English language in seafaring“. At the beggining, the developement of english language will be shown as well as the spreading of its use through colonisation and globalisation. The choice of English as the language to unite seafarers is discussed. Furthermore, the need for great understanding among crew members is explained as well as the problem of communication among people originating from different cultures. Standardization and its usefulness in understanding language, as well as in prevention of possible accidents originated as consequences of misunderstandings, has a great impact on this thesis. Maritime English originates from standard language. It refers to communicational phrases and strives towards simplicity of conveying key information
Environmentally sustainable anchoring and mooring in nautical tourism
No full textU ovom radu obrađuju se različiti tipovi sidrišta/privezišta i njihov utjecaj na
morski okoliš. Cilj ovog rada je ukazati na važnost podizanja ljudske svijesti o
nedostacima tradicionalnih sustava sidrenja i o prednostima ekološko prihvatljivih sustava
sidrišta/privezišta u svrhu očuvanja morskog okoliša i same održivosti nautičkog turizma.
Posebno je istaknuta razlika između tradicionalnih i ekološko prihvatljivih
sidrišta/privezišta, njihov utjecaj na različite vrste morskog dna, uključujući livade morske
cvjetnice Posidonia oceanica i koralja. Od ekološko prihvaljivih sidrišta/privezišta u radu
su obrađeni sustavi: Seaflex, Hazelett i EzyRider, koji se često koriste u praksi jer pružaju
siguran privez brodovima a manje oštećuju morska staništa. Navedeni su i primjeri dobre
prakse (zaštita morskih cvjetnica i koraljnih grebena) u zaštićenim područjima Hrvatske,
Australije i SAD-a. Ovim se radom zaključuje kako su tradicionalna sidrišta izrazito
kvalitetna i sigurna sidrišta u pogledu sigurnosti veza, ali zanemaruju ekološku stranu koja
se odnosi na očuvanje životne zajednice u moru. U današnjem svijetu dostupni su
mnogobrojni ekološki sustavi sidrišta koja omogućuju sidrenje na različitim vrstama
morskog dna, a da pritom ne ugrožavaju ili minimalno ugrožavaju morski okoliš.
Znanstvene metode koje se koriste u ovom diplomskom radu su: metoda analize, metoda
sinteze, metoda kompilacije, metoda komparacije i metoda deskripcije.This paper deals with different types of anchorages/moorings and their impact on
the marine environment. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of raising
human awareness about the disadvantages of traditional anchoring systems and the
advantages of environmentally friendly anchorage/mooring systems in order to preserve
the marine environment and the sustainability of nautical tourism. The difference between
traditional and environmentally friendly anchorages/moorings, their impact on different
types of bottoms, including seagrass meadows Posidonia oceanica and coral, was
especially emphasized. Of the environmentally friendly anchorages/moorings, the
following systems have been processed: Seaflex, Hazelett and EzyRider, which are often used in practice because they provide a safe mooring for ships and less damage to habitats.
Examples of good practice (protection of sea flowers and coral reefs) in protected areas in
Croatia, Australia and the USA are also given. This paper concludes that traditional
anchorages are extremely high quality and safe anchorages in terms of berth security, but
neglect the ecological side related to the preservation of the living community in the sea. In
today's world, there are many ecological anchorage systems available that allow anchoring
on different types of seabed without endangering or minimally endangering the marine
environment. The scientific methods used in this thesis are: method of analysis, method of
synthesis, method of compilation, method of comparison and method of description
Underwater AUV communication
No full textKomunikacija s AUV
om tijekom misije može se odvijati putem akustičnog modema kada je
potopljen ili putem radio frekvencije (mobitel, WiFi, satelit) kada vozilo ispliva na površinu.
AUV tehnologija ima la je intenzivnu fazu istraživanja i r azvoja tijek om 1990 ih koju su
uglavnom financirale nacionalne obrambene agencije, a komercijalna vozila nisu bila ši roko
dostupna tek oko 2000. AUV i i ROV i sve se više koriste u oceanografiji jer omogućuju
prikuplja nje podataka ko ji se inače ne bi mogli dobiti. Razvoj autonomnih podvodnih vozila
(AUV) dopustio je automatizacij u mnogih zadataka koji su prvo bi tno postignuti vozilima s
posadom u podvodnom okruženju. Timovi AUV ova osmišljenih za rad u okviru zajedničke
misije otvaraju mogućnosti za nove i s loženije aplikacije. U podvodnom okruženju,
komunikacija, lokalizacija, i navigacija AUV a smatraju se izazovima zbog nemogućnosti
oslanjanja na radio komunikaciju i globalne sustav e pozicioniranja.Communication
s with the AUV during the mission can take place via an acoustic modem
when submerged or via a radio frequency (mobile phone, WiFi, satellite) when the vehicle
comes to the surface. AUV techno logy had an intensive phase of research and development
during the 1990s, mostly funded by national defense agencies, and commercial vehicles were
not widely available until around 2000. AUVs and ROVs are increasingly used in
oceanography because they allow the collection of data that otherwise they would not be able
to get it. The development of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) has allowed the
automation of many of the tasks originally accomplished by manned vehicles in an underwater
environment. Team s of AUVs designed to work on joint missions open up opportunities for
new and more complex applications. In the underwater environment, AUV communication,
localization, and navigation are considered challenges due to the inability to weaken radio
communication and global positioning systems
The protection of marine environment against oil pollution from ships
No full textCilj rada je istražiti kako ulja s brodova utječu na morski okoliš i kako se morski okoliš može zaštititi od negativnog utjecaja ulja s brodova. U radu je istaknuta važnosti održivog razvoja pomorskog prometa, posebice okolišna održivost, kako bi se sačuvao morski okoliš za buduće generacije i poslovalo na okolišno, gospodarski i društveno prihvatljiv način. Rad se sastoji od sedam poglavlja. Nakon uvodnog poglavlja, u drugom se poglavlju definira morski okoliš, ističe njegov značaj za život na zemlji, te naglašavaju problemi koji nastaju kao posljedica porasta ljudskih aktivnosti na moru. U trećem poglavlju analizira se onečišćenje morskog okoliša uljem s brodova, te donosi pregled najvećih pomorskih nesreća u povijesti. Četvrto poglavlje analizira ponašanje ulja u morskom okolišu. Peto poglavlje govori o zaštiti morskog okoliša od onečišćenja uljem s brodova te donosi pregled najvažnijih pravnih instrumenata globalno, regionalno (u Sredozemlju) i u Republici Hrvatskoj. Šesto poglavlje donosi pregled temeljnih odrednica održivog brodarstva. Sedmo poglavlje je zaključak rada.The aim of this paper is to analyze harmful effects of oil spills the marine environment and the ways of marine environment protection from oil spills from ships. The paper emphasizes the importance of sustainable development of maritime transport, especially environmental sustainability, in order to preserve marine environment for future generations and to operate in environmentally, economically and socially acceptable way. The paper consists of seven chapters. After the introductory chapter, the second chapter defines marine environment, emphasizes its importance for the life on the Earth, and emphasizes the problems that arise as the result of increasing human activities at sea. The third chapter analyzes the pollution of marine environment by oils from ships, and provides an overview of the largest maritime accidents in history. The fourth chapter analyzes the processes with oils in marine environment. The fifth chapter deals with marine environment protection from oil pollution from ships and gives an overview of the most important legal instruments globally, regionally (in the Mediterranean) and in the Republic of Croatia. The sixth chapter provides an overview of the basic principles of sustainable shipping. The seventh chapter is the conclusion of the paper
Anlysis of work characteristics of dual fuel marine engines
No full textOvaj rad analizira različita alternativna goriva u procesu rada dvotaktnog sporokretnog dizelskog motora. Alternativna goriva koja su korištena u radu su redom: LNG (metan), vodik i smjese vodika i dizela, smjesa dizela i metanola te smjesa amonijaka i vodika. Numeričke simulacije performansi dvotaktnog sporokretnog dizelskog motora odrađene su unutar programa AVL Boost. Korišten je više-zonski model izgaranja jer on jedini daje rezultate emisija štetnih plinova. Cilj rada bio je postići rezultate koji zadovoljavaju IMO Tier III regulaciju. Postignuti su zadovoljavajući rezultati korištenjem svih alternativnih goriva, smanjena je koncentracija NOx-a u ispušnim plinovima ispod 3,4 g/kWh. Model je validiran s mjerenjima dobivenim ispitivanjem motora na dizelsko gorivo (MDO).This paper analyses different alternative fuels in the working process of two-stroke low speed diesel engine. Alternative fuels that were used in the paper are: LNG i.e., methane, hydrogen and hydrogen diesel blends, methanol diesel blend and ammonia hydrogen blend. Numerical simulations of two-stroke low speed diesel engine performance were done using AVL Boost. Multi zone combustion model was used because it is the only one that gives the results of exhaust emissions. The goal of this paper was to achieve results that satisfy IMO Tier III regulations. All alternative fuels achieve satisfying results, the concentration of NOx in exhaust gasses is decreased under 3,4 g/kWh. The model is validated with the measurements taken from engine testing that ran on marine diesel oil (MDO)
Risks to human health during oil transportation
No full textNafta je jedan od najvažnijih izvora energije bez koje bi život ljudi bio gotovo nezamisliv. S razvojem industrije, došlo je do povećane potrebe za naftom. Prijevoz nafte odvija se tankerima ili specijaliziranim naftovodima. Unatoč povećanim sigurnosnim zahtjevima, ipak se događaju nesreće tankera koje dovode do uništavanja morske flore i faune. Izlijevanje nafte na površini mora dovodi do ugibanja milijuna riba i morskih ptica. Također, važno je naglasiti da je nafta opasna i za ljudsko zdravlje. Donesene su mnoge konvencije i zakoni kojima se nastoje zaštititi ljudski životi i morski okoliš. U ovom radu analizira se utjecaj nafte na ljudsko zdravlje i okoliš. Opisane su i neke od najvećih tankerskih nesreća koje su ozbiljno narušile ekosustav kao i propisi kojima se nastoji spriječiti onečišćenje morskog okoliša.Oil is one of the most important sources of energy and it is hard to imagine life without oil. With the development of the industry, there was an increased need for oil. Oil is transported by tankers or specialized pipelines. Despite increased safety requirements, tanker accidents occur very often leading to the destruction of marine flora and fauna. Oil spills on the surface of the sea are killing millions of fish and seabirds. It is also important to emphasize that oil is dangerous to human health. Many conventions and laws have been enacted to protect human lives and the marine environment. This paper analyzes the impact of oil on human health and the environment. Some of the biggest tanker accidents that have seriously damaged the ecosystem are also described, as well as regulations that seek to prevent pollution of the marine environment
Acidification of Mediterranean sea - regional trends
No full textJedna od posljedica klimatskih promjena i globalnog zatopljenja jest acidfikacija odnosno proces zakiseljavanja mora i oceana uslijed povećane koncentracije CO2 što dovodi do snižavanja pH vrijednosti. Acidfikacija ima značajne negativne utjecaje na floru i faunu mora, ali isto tako i na ljude koji žive u priobalnim područjima – na njihovo fizičko i psihičko zdravlje, kao i na gospodarstvo i ekonomiju. U ovom radu proučavana je acidfikacija Sredozemnog mora, njeni uzroci i posljedice na morske organizme, čovjeka i ekosustav u cijelosti, gospodarstvo priobalnih krajeva te su razmatrane mogućnosti njezinog ublažavanja. Kako bi se ovaj proces, kao i njegove negativne posljedice, ublažili koliko je to moguće potrebno je uvesti promjene u zakonodavstvu, kroz edukaciju povećati svijest ljudi o klimatskim promjenama, provoditi interdisciplinarna istraživanja koja bi redovito pratila napredovanje acidifikacije, te više povezati znanost i politiku.One of the consequences of climate change and global warming is acidification - a process caused by increased CO2 concentration that leads to a lowering of the pH of the oceans and seas. Acidification has significant negative impacts on marine flora and fauna, but also on the people who live in coastal areas - on their physical and mental health, and on the economy. This thesis examines the acidification of the Mediterranean Sea, its causes and consequences for marine organisms, humans and the ecosystem in general, the economy of coastal areas, as well as the possibilities of a possible reduction. To reduce this process and its negative consequences as much as possible, it is necessary to investigate changes in legislation, raise people's awareness of climate change through education, conduct interdisciplinary research that regularly monitors the progress of acidification, and link science and policy
Crowd source lathymetry
No full textSvjetska mora i oceani su najvažniji prometni put i veliki izvor resursa. Jedan od uvjeta za njihovo optimalno korištenje je i poznavanje podataka o morskom dnu i podmorju. Budući da je relativno veliki dio svjetskih mora i oceana nije premjeren odgovarajućim sredstvima i metodama premjera na međunarodnoj razini pokrenuta je inicijativa prikupljanja podataka iz javnih izvora (engl. Crowsourced Bathymetry – CSB). U razvoju tog projekta najznačaniju ulogu ima Međunarodna hidrografska organizacija (engl. International Hydrographic Organization – IHO), koja je kroz projekt Opće batimetrijske karte oceana (engl. General Bathymetric Chart of the Ocean – GEBCO) i korištenje Digitalnog središta za batimetriju (engl. Data Centre for Digital Bathymetry – DCDB) razvila koncept za prikupljanje, pohranu i prikaz CSB podataka. Pored ove inicijative IHO-a u prikupljanju podataka iz javnih izvora ukljućene su i određene komercijalne kompanije. Cilj koncepta CSB IHO-a je do 2030. prikupiti što više podataka o morskom dnu u sklopu projekta SeaBed 2030. U radu se analizira koncept CSB-a, njegove značajke, prednosti, mogućnosti primjene tako prikupljenih podataka te ograničenja tog koncepta.World sea 's and ocean's are most important traffic route and big source of resources. One of the conditions for their optimal use is knowledge about seabed and submarine data. As relatively large part of the world's seas and oceans are not surveyed by appropriate means and methods of surveying at the international level, an intiative has been launched to collect data from public sources. The most important role in the development of this project is played by the International Hydrographic Organization, which through the General Bathymetric Chart of the Ocean project and use of Data Centre for Digital Bathymetry has developed a concept for collecting, storing and displaying CSB data. In addition to this IHO intiative, certain commercial companies are involved in collecting
data from public sources. The goal of the CSB IHO concept is to collect as much seabed data as possible withing 2030. within the SeaBed 2030. project. The paper analyzes the CSB concept, its features, advantages, possibilites of application of such collected data and limitations of this concept