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A temperature measurement using PT - 100 and display on HMI panel
No full textAutomatizacija predstavlja okosnicu kod upravljanja u procesima. Mjerenje temperature je fundamentalno mjerenje kod procesnih veličina. Rad prikazuje mjerenje temperature u procesima uz uporabu senzora PT-100, koji se spaja na programibilni logički regulator S7-1200 tvrtke Siemens. Rezultati mjerenja se prikazuju na korisničkom sučelju KTP-700 tvrtke Siemens. Pokazuje se da uporaba predloženog sustava predstavlja pogodno rješenje za mjerenje temperature kao procesne veličine u automatiziranim sustavima.Automation is the backbone of process control. Temperature measurement is a fundamental measurement in process quantities. The paper shows the measurement of temperature in processes using the PT-100 sensor, which is connected to the programmable logic controller S7-1200 from Siemens. The measurement results are displayed on the Siemens KTP-700 user interface. The use of the proposed system is shown to be a suitable solution for measuring temperature as a process variable in automated systems
Marine litter mapping
No full textCilj ovoga završnog rada jest identificirati vrste morskog otpada, predstaviti sustav
gospodarenja otpadom te pobliže istražiti načine motrenja i količine otpada koji nastanjuje
morsko dno. Smeće koje se nalazi u moru teže je identificirati ponajprije zbog
nepristupačnosti, a samim tim je otežan i proces mapiranja. Unatoč tome, danas se koriste
različite metode motrenja koje olakšavaju pristup i omogućavaju uvid u stanje mora. Odmakom vremenom fokus se stavlja na
poboljšanje postojećih metoda i pronalaženje novih dostupnih metoda. Da bi se potaknula svijest kod ljudi potrebno je imati
dostupne podatke o stvarnom i trenutnom stanju te količini morskog otpada. Svrha rada je ujedno i
ukazati na problem teško razgradivog i nerazgradivog otpada, posebice u naseljenom
području kao što je Sredozemno more te kako taj problem riješiti.The aim of this bachelor thesis is to identify forms of marine litter, determine its
management system, and thoroughly analyze the monitoring methods and quantities of
marine litter. Marine litter is difficult to identify mainly due to its inaccessibility and thus
the mapping process is also difficult. Nevertheless, various monitoring methods are now
used to facilitate access and provide insight into the state of the sea. Also, the focus on
improving and finding new available methods is increasing with time. To raise awareness
among people, it is necessary to have data available on the real and current situation
regarding marine debris. In this paper, the problem of hard-to-degrade and non-degradable
waste, especially in populated areas like the Mediterranean Sea, and how it can be solved
is highlighted
Application of ergonomic model with aspects on enhancing elements of safety of the vessel
No full textSuvremeni navigacijski mostovi dizajnirani su prema zahtjevima pomorske industrije. Danas, most predstavlja jednu cjelinu koja se naziva automatiziranim sustavom opremljen novim tehnologijama. Ergonomski dizajn palube mosta trebao bi uzeti u obzir potrebe ljudi i strojeva kada se na njemu radi. Pored toga, razvijena su pravila i preporuke o ergonomiji kako bi podržali program dizajniranja mosta i raspored opreme u skladu s antropometrijom brodskog mosta.Modern navigation bridges are designed according to the requirements of the maritime industry. Today, the bridge is one unit called an automated system equipped with new technologies. The ergonomic design of the bridge deck should take into account the needs of people and machines when working on it. In addition, ergonomics rules and recommendations have been developed to support the bridge design program and equipment layout in accordance with the ship’s anthropometry
Heat stroke: sympotoms, signs and prevention
No full textBrodovi danas predstavljaju velike i složene sustave unutar kojih posada mora zajedno surađivati kako bi sigurno i pravilno obavljala svoje zadaće. Naglasak se uvijek stavlja na sigurnost ljudi, broda i okoliša, stoga je važno održati cjelovitost sustava, počevši od fizičkog, mentalnog i društvenog zdravlja posade. Cilj ovog rada identificiranje je problematike rada i života pomoraca na brodu, prava i pravila koja se odnose na njih, zdravstvenih uvjeta s kojima se suočavaju te će se pobliže obraditi na visokim temperaturama te simptomi, znakovi i prevencija toplinskog udara.Ships today represent large and complex systems, within which the crew must work together to perform their tasks safely and correctly. The emphasis is always on the safety of people, the ship and the environment. It is therefore important to maintain the integrity of the system, starting with physical, mental and social health. The purpose of this paper will be to identify the issues of work and life of seafarers on board, rights and rules related to them, health conditions they face and will be addressed in high temperatures and symptoms, signs and prevention of heat stroke
Modern gyrocompass
No full textŽirokompas je precizan instrument koji koristi žiroskop da bih pronašao pravi Zemljin sjever, na njega ne utječe magnetizam te se sve više koristi u navigaciji. U ovom radu se razmatraju vrste te principi rada modernih žirokompasa. Mehanički žirokompasi se sve manje koriste, a zamjenjuju ih moderni žirokompasi koji nemaju pokretne dijelove. U ovome radu su prikazana svojstva te učinci i sile koje moderni žirokompasi koriste kao zamjenu za pokretne dijelove što ih čini dosta manjim i jeftinijim.The gyrocompass is a precise instrument that uses a gyroscope to find the Earths true north, it is not affected by magnetism and is increasingly used in navigation. In this paper we will consider the types and principles of operation on modern gyrocompasses. Mechanical gyrocompasses are less and less used while they are being replaced by modern gyrocompasses that have no moving parts. This paper presents properties, effects and forces that modern gyrocompasses use as a replacement for moving parts, which makes them much smaller and cheaper
Pneumatic system for managing quick closing valves
No full textOd 01.08.2010. godine na putničkim i ROPAX brodovima duljine 120 m ili duljim obavezna je primjena propisa „Siguran povratak u luku“. Unutar ovog propisa nalazi se i pneumatski sustav brzozatvarajućih ventila. Aktiviranjem procesa hitnog gašenja zatvaraju se odgovarajući brzozatvarajući ventili, bilo slijedno ili istovremeno, u smislu prevencije dotoka goriva na požarno područje ili područje s rizikom od požara. „Siguran povratak u luku“ dozvoljava ručno otvaranje brzozatvarajućih ventila na neoštećenom dijelu sustava goriva te se može vratiti u funkciju barem jedan dizelski motor kako bi se brod, putnici i posada sigurno odvezli do najbliže luke. Za dizel generator u nužnosti se koristi sustav hidrauličkih brzozatvarajućih ventila. Upotreba brzozatvarajućih ventila obavezna je na svim brodovima gdje volumen tanka i cjevovoda goriva prelazi 500 l. Primjena regulative „Siguran povratak u luku“ znatno je doprinijela sigurnosti broda, putnika i posade.From 01.08.2010 on passenger and ROPAX ships with a length of 120 m or longer, the application of the regulation "Safe return to port" is mandatory. Within this regulation, there is also a pneumatic system of quick-closing valves. By activating the emergency shut down process, the corresponding quick-closing valves are closed, either sequentially or simultaneously, in terms of preventing the inflow of fuel into the fire area or the fire risk area. "Safe return to port" allows manual opening of quick-closing valves on the undamaged part of the fuel system and can return to operation at least one diesel engine to safely transport the ship, passengers and crew to the nearest port. A system of hydraulic quick-closing valves is necessarily used for the diesel generator. The use of quick-closing valves is mandatory on all ships where the volume of the tank and fuel line exceeds 500 l. The application of the "Safe Return to Port" regulations has significantly contributed to the safety of the ship, passengers and crew
The liability of the carrier for nautical fault and fire in the carriage of goods by sea
No full textUgovorom o prijevozu stvari morem prijevoznik se obvezuje prevesti stvari morem, a naručitelj prijevoza platiti vozarinu. Jedno od najvažnijih pitanja pravnog uređenja prijevoza stvari morem je odgovornost prijevoznika za štete na stvarima i zakašnjenje. Prilikom prijevoza, teret može biti izložen raznim rizicima. Nautička pogreška i požar na specifičan način su uređeni u međunarodnim konvencijama i Pomorskom zakoniku. Haaško-Visbyska pravila i Pomorski zakonik prepoznaju nautičku pogrešku kao ekskulpacijski razlog, dok novije konvencije – Hamburška i Rotterdamska pravila odstupaju od tog rješenja. S druge strane, požar je također ekskulpacijski razlog prema Haaško-Visbyskim pravilima i Pomorskom zakoniku, dok Hamburška i Rotterdamska pravila propisuju da se za požar, umjesto temeljem pretpostavljene krivnje, odgovara temeljem dokazane krivnje. Pitanje nautičke pogreške jedno je od glavnih razloga zbog čega pravo prijevoza stvari morem nije ozbiljnije reformirano na međunarodnoj razini. Stoga se to pitanje posebno obrađuje u ovom radu.By the contract of the transport of goods by sea, the carrier undertakes to transport the goods by sea, and the customer of the transport pays the freight. One of the most important issues in the legal regulation of the transport of goods by sea is the liability of the carrier for damage to goods and delay. During the transport, the cargo can be exposed to various risks. Nautical fault and fire are regulated in a specific way in international conventions and the Maritime code. The Hague-Visby rules and the Maritime code recognize nautical fault as an exculpatory reason, while more recent conventions – the Hamburg and Rotterdam rules deviate from this solution. On the other hand, fire is also an exculpatory reason under the Hague-Visby rules and the Maritime code, while the Hamburg and Rotterdam rules stipulate that fire, instead of on the basis of presumed guilt, is liable on the basis of proven guilt. The issue of nautical fault is one of the main reasons why the right to transport things by sea has not been more seriously reformed at the international level. Therefore, this issue is specifically addressed in this paper
Maneuvering a Vessel Within a Marina - the Specifics of Marina Kaštela
No full textPrimarni je cilj ovog rada analizirati način organizacije i rada Marine Kaštela, omogućiti bolje upoznavanje nautičara koji je posjećuju s njenim pravilima, specifičnostima, pogodnostima te klimatskim uvjetima koji vladaju u području Marine Kaštela. Osim toga, rad je usmjeren i na razradu općenitih infrastrukturnih, sigurnosnih i klimatskih aspekata djelovanja marina – kako za edukaciju gostiju i posjetitelja tako i za stručno osoblje koje pruža usluge. Rad, u konačnici, nudi opisane i grafički prikazane preporuke nautičarima koji koriste usluge veza, kako i u kojim uvjetima sigurno uploviti u marinu koristeći metode pristajanja i manevriranja.The primary goal of this paper is to analyze the way of organization and work of Marina Kaštela, to enable better acquaintance of sailors who visit the marina with its rules, specifics, benefits and climatic conditions. In addition, the work is focused on the elaboration of general infrastructural, safety and climatic aspects of the operation of marinas – both for the education of guests and visitors and for professional staff providing services. The paper, ultimately, offers described and graphically presented recommendations to boaters using berth services, as well as under what conditions sail into the marina using docking and maneuvering methods
BASSnet Ship Maintenance System - system description and practical operationed use
No full textU skladu s zahtjevima Međunarodnog kodeksa o sigurnosnom upravljanju (International Safety Management Code – ISM Code) svaka brodarska kompanija mora implementirati neki sustav planskog održavanja (Planned Maintenance System - PMS). Sustavi planskog održavanja znatno olakšavaju članovima posade i osoblju na kopnu obavljanje i praćenje svih aktivnosti vezanih za održavanje broda, kao i ostalih aktivnosti u svim segmentima pomorskog poslovanja. Njihovom primjenom ostvaruju se velike uštede, povećava se produktivnost rada, produžuje se eksploatacijski vijek broda i znatno se utječe na sigurnost plovidbe te na zaštitu života i morskog okoliša. U ovom radu bit će opisan sustav planskog održavanja BASSnet i svi moduli koje suvremena verzija sustava može uključivati, s posebnim osvrtom na module održavanja, nabave, materijala, upravljanja dokumentima i na modul administracije.In accordance with the requirements of the International Safety Management Code (ISM Code), each shipping company must implement a planned maintenance system (PMS). Planned maintenance systems make it much easier for crew members and shore personnel to perform and monitor all ship maintenance activities, as well as other activities in all segments of the maritime industry. Their application achieves great cost savings, increases the productivity of work, extends the exploitation life of the ship and significantly affects the safety of navigation and the protection of life and the marine environment. This paper will describe the planned maintenance system BASSnet and all modules that the modern version of the system may include, with special reference to the modules of maintenance, procurement, materials, document management and the administration module
Specific of maritime tourism in the Mediterranean
No full textPomorski turizam je fenomen koji se zadnjih nekoliko desetljeća razvio duž Mediteranske obale. Popularizacijom i povećanjem broja posjetitelja pomorskog turizma razvili su se nepovoljni utjecaji koji ugrožavaju prirodu i njene organizme. Obzirom da je cilj očuvati prirodu i smanjiti onečišćenje treba razviti svijest o održivom razvoju kao i povezivanju turizma s ekološkom perspektivom. Također bi trebalo proučiti koje su prepreke razvoju turizme te ih obraditi u strategiji turizma kako bi se smanjio njihov negativni učinak.Maritime tourism is a phenomenon that has developed along the Mediterranean coast over the last few decades. With the popularization and increase of number visitors to maritime tourism, adverse effects have developed that endanger nature and its organisms. Since the goal is to preserve nature and reduce pollution, awareness of sustainable development should be developed as well as linking tourism with the ecological perspective. It should also study what are the obstacles to tourism development and process them in the tourism strategy to reduce their negative impact