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Current and updated tracking system analysis
No full textOvaj rad obuhvaća problematiku lociranja brodova na moru u slučaju pogibelji kroz preglednu analizu starog sustava i moderniziranog sustava lociranja. Stari sustavi lociranja COSPAS-SARSAT vezuju se uz pravilo korištenja namjenskih LEO satelita. Danas svi brodovi, raspolažu obvezno instaliranim EPIRB COSPAS-SARSAT sa podrškom LEO, GEO i MEO satelita. Sateliti MEOSAR unaprjeđuju COSPAS-SARSAT sustav jer više ne treba lansirati ekskluzivno satelite za ovu namjenu već se na postojeće GNSS satelite postavljaju samo dodatni instrumenti za podršku COSPAS-SARSAT lokacijskom sustavu.This paper covers the issue of locating ships at sea in case of distress through a comprehensive analysis of the old system and the modernized location system. The old COSPAS-SARSAT location systems worked with dedicated LEO satellites. Today, all ships have compulsorily installed EPIRB COSPAS-SARSAT with the support of LEO, GEO and MEO satellites. MEOSAR satellites are improving the COSPAS-SARSAT system because it is no longer necessary to launch exclusively dedicated satellites for this purpose, but only additional instruments to support the COSPAS-SARSAT location system are placed on existing GNSS satellites
Starting air multistage compressors
No full textKompresori su strojevi koji komprimiraju neki plin na viši tlak odnosno podižu mu energetsku vrijednost. Takav zrak koristi se za uputu u rad brodskih dizelskih motora. Najčešće na brodovima za uputu dizelskih motora u rad upotrebljavaju se dvostupanjski stapni kompresori. Termodinamički gledano razlikujemo politropsku, izentropsku i izotermnu kompresiju. Višestupanjska kompresija daje uštedu na radu, i što kompresor ima više stupnjeva, to je bliži izotermnoj kompresiji. Višestupanjski kompresori zagrijavaju plin (zrak) za vrijeme tlačenja, što može dovesti do eksplozije para mazivog ulja pomiješanih sa zrakom. Da se izvrši tlačenje do visokih tlakova, i izbjegne zagrijavanje i opasnost od eksplozije para ulja i zraka izvodi se višestupanjsko tlačenje s međustupanjskim hlađenjem. Kompresori na brodu uglavnom se pogone elektromotorom. Treba voditi računa o tome da se pri upućivanju do pune brzine vrtnje elektromotor ne preoptereti. Kompresor i sve njegove komponente moraju se redovito pregledavati u intervalima koji ovise o nekoliko radnih uvjeta. Danas se na brodovima koristi automatska izvedba dobave uputnog zraka za pokretanje dizelskih motora.Compressors are machines which compresses gas on to higher value of pressure respectively they raise its energetic value. That is sort of compressed air that is used to put marine diesel engine into work. The most used sort of the compressors on ships are two-stage reciprocating compressors. From thermodynamics of compression we look at polytropic process, isothermal process and isentropic process. Multistage compression is used to save power and for higher stage of compression, compressor is closer to isothermal compression. Multistage compressor heats air in compression process, which can lead to explosion of the steam of lubricating oil mixed with air. To compress air to high pressures and to avoid overheating and danger of explosion it is used multistage compression with intermediate stage cooling. Compressors on ships are mostly driven by electromotors. It should be taken into account that during going in to full speed we don’t overload electromotor. Compressor and all his components are needed to maintain regularly in periods which depends on several working conditions. In today modern days compressors in start air system are automatically regulate
The impact of maritime tourism on economic development of Croatia
No full textCilj ovog završnog rada je analizirati sve bitne elemente koji su ključni za razvoj pomorskog turizma, te njihov utjecaj na gospodarski razvoj Republike Hrvatske. Turizam kao gospodarska grana danas je jedna od najrasprostranjenijih djelatnosti u svijetu. Ova gospodarska djelatnost je izvor većinskih prihoda za veliki broj država, uključujući i Hrvatsku. Hrvatska je tokom prošlog desetljeća imala veliki razvoj u turizmu, razlog tome je utjecaj globalnih čimbenika. Osim globalnih čimbenika, geografski položaj također ima veliku ulogu u turističkom razvoju Hrvatske. Gledajući na sve elemente koji imaju značajku u razvoju turizma, Hrvatska ima mnogo potencijala za daljnji napredak. Ovim radom pokazat će se važnost daljnjeg napretka pomorskog turizma i njegov utjecaj na gospodarski razvoj Republike Hrvatske.The goal of this final paper is to analyze all the important elements that are crucial for the development of maritime tourism, and their impact on the economic development of the Republic of Croatia. Today tourism as an economic branch is one of the most widespread activities in the world. This economic activity is the source of the majority income for a large number of countries, including Croatia. Throughout the last decade Croatia has had a great development in tourism, and the reason for that is the impact on global factors. Apart from global factors, the geographical location also plays a major role in Croatia’s tourist development. Looking at all the elements that are important in the development of tourism, Croatia has a lot of potential for further progress. With my paper I will show the importance of further progress of maritime tourism, in hope of achieving a better economic development in the Republic of Croatia
Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on port receptive facilities for the delivery of waste from ship
No full textCilj ovog rada je analizirati Direktivu 2000/59/EZ Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća od 27. studenoga 2000. o lučkim uređajima za prihvat brodskog otpada i ostataka tereta. Direktiva 2000/59/EZ je pravni instrument koji je pružio okvir državama članicama za ujednačenu i obveznu primjenu ekoloških standarda uz istovremeno zadržavanje prava svake države da samostalno odlučuje o tome koja će sredstva primjenjivati u svom unutarnjem uređenju pomorske djelatnosti, luka te prihvata brodskog otpada i ostataka tereta. Cilj Direktive 2000/59/EZ bio je ostvariti još veći stupanj zaštite morskog okoliša i poboljšanje učinkovitosti pomorskih djelatnosti u luci. U radu je opisana i primjena Direktive 2000/59/EZ u Republici Hrvatskoj, te način prikupljanja i gospodarenja otpadom u Lučkoj upravi Split. Direktiva (EU) 2019/883 Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća od 17. travnja 2019. o lučkim uređajima za prihvat isporuke brodskog otpada izmjenjuje Direktivu 2010/65/EU i stavlja izvan snage Direktivu 2000/59/EZ.The aim of this paper is to analyze the Directive 2000/59/EC of the European Parlament and of the Council of 27 November 2000 on port reception facilities for ship-generated waste and cargo residues. Directive 2000/59/EC is legal instrument that provides a framework for Member States to apply environmental standards uniformly and compulsorily, while retaining the right of each state to decide for itself which means to use in its internal organization of maritime activities, ports and ship-generated waste and leftover cargo. Directive 2000/59/EC goal was to achieve an even greater degree of protection of the marine environment and to improve the efficiency of maritime activities in the port. The paper also describes the application of Directive 2000/59/EC in the Republic of Croatia, as well as the methods of waste collection and management in the Port Split Authority. Directive (EU) 2019/883 of the European Parliament and of the Coucil of 17 April 2019 on port reception facilities for the delivery of waste from ships amends Directive 2010/65/EU and repeals Directive 2000/59/EC
Auxiliary equipment of all types of divers
No full textRonjenje je danas jedan od sportova koji rapidno raste, kako u sportskom smislu tako i čovjekova želja da se spusti ispod površine mora, jezera, rijeka. uključujući rekreacijski, lova, spašavanja i vojne i komercijalne svrhe. Ronjenje zahtjeva disciplinu, poznavanje tehnike i sila koje utječu na nas. Jedna od bitnijih stavki su oprema i pomoćna oprema ronioca. Ronilačka oprema je s vremenom postala znatno učinkovitija, udobnija za nošenje , te njen izgled. Cilj ovog rada je da se upoznamo s opremom i pomoćnom opremom ronioca i po mogućnosti i najnovijim izdanjima.Diving is today one of the rapidly growing sports, both sports and human desire to descend under the surface of the sea, lakes, rivers, including recreational, hunting, rescue,military and commemorative purposes. Diving requires discipline, knowledge of the techniques and forces that affect us. One of the most important items are diving equipment and accessories. Over time, diving equipment has become more noticeably efficient, comfortable for wearing, and its appearance. The aim of this paper is to get acquainted with the diver's equipment and accessories with the latest releases
Voltage disturbances on the ship's power grid
No full textOvaj rad opisuje uzroke zbog kojih dolazi do izobličenja sinusnog valnog oblika na brodskoj električnoj mreži, štetne utjecaje tih izobličenja na brodsku opremu te naposljetku načine za korekciju i upravljanje tim izobličenjima. Zbog lakšeg razumijevanja osnovne teme u radu su predstavljeni i izvori električne energije na brodu i njihov produkt, sinusni naponski valni oblik.This thesis describes causes which lead to distortions in sinus waveform of ship`s electrical network, harmful effects of those distortions on ship`s electrical equipment and finally ways for those distortions to be mitigated and managed. For easier understanding of the basic topic, the paper also presents the sources of electricity on board and their product, a sinus voltage waveform
Management of money and marketable securities during Covid disease 19
No full textNeočekivana, iznenadna i još uvijek nerješiva situacija pandemije Covid-19, koja je prisutna u cijelom svijetu, utjecala je i promijenila sve segmente života na Zemlji - osobni život, obrazovni, kulturni, gospodarski, sportski itd. Navedenoj se situaciji još uvijek svi moraju prilagođavati, iznalaziti drugačija rješenja, nove načine rada i života.
Predmet istraživanja ovog rada bio je upravljanje novcem i utrživim vrijednosnim papirima tijekom bolesti Covid-19. Na primjeru i analizi poslovanja hrvatskih banaka i banaka Europske unije, te kretanja cijena odabranih burzovnih indeksa, može se zaključiti da tržište novca još uvijek uspijeva odolijevati negativnom utjecaju pandemije Covid-19, međutim gospodarstvo je značajno pogođeno, a na što upućuju niske cijene burzovnih indeksa na svim promatranim burzama.The unexpected, sudden and still unsolvable situation of the Covid-19 pandemic, which is present all over the world, has affected and changed all segments of life on Earth - personal life, educational, cultural, economic, sports, etc. Everyone still has to adapt to this situation, find different solutions, new ways of working and living.
The subject of this paper was the management of money and marketable securities during Covid-19 disease. On the example and analysis of the operations of Croatian and European Union banks, and price movements of selected stock exchange indices, it can be concluded that the money market still manages to withstand the negative impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, but the economy is significantly affected to all observed stock exchanges
Optimization of ship's engine
No full textOvaj diplomski rad opisuje važnost i utjecaj optimizacije geometrijskih i radnih karakteristika dizelskog motora na ispušne emisije i performanse motora. Brodski dizelski motor je kompleksan stroj koji doprinosi zagađenju okoliša.
Kako bi se kontrolirale štetne emisije ispušnih plinova Međunarodna organizacija za sprječavanja zagađenja s brodova usvojila je Prilog VI, kojim je ograničen udio sumpora u gorivu i količina dušikovih oksida u ispušnim plinovima. Proces izgaranja je kompleksan proces u kojem se kemijska energija goriva pretvara u toplinsku energiju. Sastoji se od četiri faze koje su opisane u trećem dijelu rada. Izgaranjem goriva u brodskim cilindrima dolazi do tvorbe ispušnih plinova što je opisano u četvrtom poglavlju. U štetne elemente ispušnih plinova ubrajaju se dušikovi oksidi, sumporni oksidi, ugljikov monoksid, ugljikov dioksid i fine čestice. Peto poglavlje posvećeno je četverotaktnim dizelskim motorima, te je opisan princip rada istog. Pošto je diplomski rad posvećen analizi parametara ispušnih plinova koji su mjereni na četverotaktnom brzokretnom pogonskom dizelskom motoru, u šestom poglavlju opisan je ispitivani motor sa svojim sustavima. U sedmom poglavlju opisane su karakteristike uređaja za mjerenje ispušnih plinova. Osmi dio rada posvećen je analizi parametara ispušnih plinova. Mjerenja su izvršena u dva navrata, te su uspoređeni s propisanim vrijednostima od i sa pravilima IMO-MARPOL konvencije. Analizom parametara utvrđen je rad motora u neoptimiranom području za vrijeme manevri uplovljavanja i isplovljavanja iz luke. Kako bi se smanjile štetne emisije ispušnih plinova za okoliš, proizvođači motora razradili su primarne i sekundarne metode koje su opisane u devetom poglavlju. Deseto poglavlje posvećeno je alternativnim gorivima, odnosno opisuje rad motora na dvojno gorivo i sastav ukapljenog prirodnog plina. Jedno od inovacija u brodskom porivnom sustavu su hibridni sustavi koji kombiniraju motor s unutarnjim izgaranjem i elektromotor. Jedan od hibridnih sustava prikazan i opisan je u jedanaestom poglavlju.This thesis describes the importance and the influence of optimization of geometrical and working characteristics of diesel engine on exhaust emissions and performances of the engine. The marine diesel engine is a complex machine which contributes to polluting of the environment.
To control exhaust gas emissions, MARPOL has introduced Annex VI. which limits sulfur in the fuel and the amount of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gasses. The combustion process is a complex process in which the chemical energy of the fuel is converted to heat energy. It consists of four phases whish are described in the third part of this thesis. In the combustion process inside the cylinders, exhaust gasses are created, which is shown in the fourth chapter. The bad elements of the exhaust gasses are: nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and fine particles. The fifth chapter is dedicated to four stroke diesel engines and the working principle of the some engine is also shown. Since this thesis is dedicated to analysis of the exhaust gasses which are measured on four stroke diesel engine, sixth chapter described this engine with all its systems. The seventh chapter describes the characteristics of the exhaust gasses measuring device. The eight part of the thesis is dedicated to exhaust gasses parameters analysis. The measuring was done two times and compared to the manufactured's date and with the rules of the IMO-MARPOL Convention. By analysing parameters, we have established that the engine was running in an unoptimized area during harbour arrival and departure manoeuvres. To avoid adverse effects from the exhaust gasses which have a bad influence to the animals and plants, the manufactures have designed primary and secondary methods which are described in the ninth chapter. The tenth chapter is dedicated to alternative fuels, it describes the working principle of the dial fuel engine and composition of the liquefied natural gas. One of the innovations un the ship propulsion are hybrid systems that combine internal combustion engine and electromotors. One of the hybrid systems is shown and described in the eleventh chapter
Implementation of Paris MoU on Ballast Water Management Convention
No full textPomorstvo ima nezamjenjivu ulogu u međunarodnoj trgovinskoj razmjeni i poslovanju. Rastom i razvojem pomorske djelatnosti, a
time i rastom broja brodova povećava se i pritisak na morski okoliš. Izuzev pozitivnih učinaka pomorskog prijevoza, ne smiju se
zanemariti ni prijetnje morskom okolišu, među kojima su i balastne vode. Cilj ovog rada
jest prikazati temeljne odrednice Konvencije o balastnim vodama i njenu implementaciju
kroz Pariški memorandum o razumijevanju. Analizom godišnjih izvještaja Pariškog
memoranduma o utvrđenim nedostatcima prilikom obavljanje inspekcija brodova u lukama
nadležnosti prikazat će se utvrđeni nedostaci koji se vežu uz Konvenciju o balastnim
vodama. Analiza obuhvaća razdoblje od 2017.- 2021 godine, pri čemu se posebna pažnja
stavlja na utvrđene nedostatke prema državi zastave pod kojima brodovi plove i prema
vrsti brodova. Rezultati pokazuju kako je najveći broj nedostatka bio 2019. godine, a
najčešći nedostatak bio je Knjiga o balastu za sve promatrane godine.The maritime industry plays a crucial role in international trade and business. The growth
and development of maritime activities and consequently the increase in the number of
ships also increases the pressure on the marine environment. In addition to the positive
effects of maritime transport, the threats to the marine environment, including ballast water, cannot be ignored. The aim of this
paper is to present the basic determinants of the Ballast Water Convention and its implementation by the Paris Memorandum.
The analysis of the annual reports of the Paris MOU on identified deficiencies in the implementation of
inspections of ships in ports will highlight the identified deficiencies that bind to the
Ballast Water Convention. The analysis covers the period 201-2021, with particular
attention to the identified deficiencies by the flag state under which the ships operate and
by ship type. The results show that the largest number of deficiencies occurred in 2019, and the most common deficiency was
the ballast book for all years observed
Analyse of cargo operation on tanker for carriage of chemical products
No full textTankeri za prijevoz kemikalija su vrlo složeni brodovi prvenstveno zbog svoje
građe i tereta koje prevoze, a njima moraju rukovati strogo obučene te sposobne osobe. Na
terete koji se prevoze treba usmjeriti pažnju zbog njihovih opasnih kemijskih svojstava koji
mogu ugroziti ljudsko zdravlje. Jedna od najopasnijih operacija na tankerima je operacija
rukovanja teretom, stoga je vrlo važno poznavati sve postupke za pravilno i sigurno
obavljanje ukrcaja, prijevoza te iskrcaja tereta. Nadalje, treba se obratiti pažnja na rad
sustava inertnog plina, koji se prije ulaska ljudi u tank, treba hitno isisati, a umjesto toga
plina treba se dovesti svježi i čisti zrak. Treba se voditi računa da prilikom rukovanja sa
kemikalijama ne dođe do otrovanja, koje nastupa najbrže kroz dišne organe, pa je nužno da
posada poznaje sva pravila i propise kako bi znala pravilno postupati. Treba se između
ostaloga voditi redovita kontrola te provjeravanje uređaja koji su namijenjeni za gašenje
požara na brodu i onda kada nema opasnosti na brodu.Chemical tankers are very complex ships primarily because of their material and
the cargo they carry, and they must be handled by strictly trained and capable people. The
cargo being transported should be given the attention of workers for their dangerous
chemical properties which may endanger human health. One of the most dangerous
operations on tankers is the operation of cargo handling, so it is very important to know all
the procedures for proper and safe loading, transportation and unloading of cargo.
Furthermore, attention should be paid to the operation of the inert gas system, which
should be sucked out urgently before people enter the tank, and fresh and clean air should
be brought in instead. Care should be taken to avoid poisoning when handling chemicals,
which occurs most quickly through the respiratory organs, so it is necessary that the crew
knows all the rules and regulations in order to know how to act properly. Among other
things, regular inspections and checking of devices intended for extinguishing fires on
board and when there is no danger on board should be carried out