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Viscosity measurement
No full textViskoznost tj. unutarnje trenje je osobina tekućina i plinova da pružaju otpor pri
međusobnom gibanju njihovih slojeva. Sile viskoznog trenja između slojeva fluida koji se
gibaju uzrokuju pretvorbu kinetičke energije gibanja u toplinsku energiju fluida. Utjecaj
viskoznosti fluida ima značajnu ulogu pri protjecanju tekućina u cijevima, motornih ulja u
industrijskim postrojenjima i mnogim drugim slučajevima. Zbog navedenog su u radu
detaljnije opisani razlozi i načini mjerenja viskoziteta s ciljem objašnjenja važnosti istoga u
svakodnevnoj primjeni fluida.Viscosity, i.e. internal friction, is the property of liquids and gases to provide
resistance to the mutual movement of their layers. The forces of viscous friction between
moving fluid layers cause the conversion of the kinetic energy of motion into thermal
energy of the fluid. The influence of fluid viscosity has a significant role in the flow of
fluids in pipes, motor oils in industrial plants and many other cases. Due to the above
mentioned, the paper contains detailed description of the reasons and methods of
measuring viscosity in order to explain the importance of the same in the daily application
of fluids
The role of the International Labor Organization in the protection of labour and social rights of seafarers
No full textRadni status pomoraca jedan je od najosjetljivijih i najspecifičnijih radnih odnosa. Pomorci su posebna kategorija radnika jer im je mjesto rada ujedno i mjesto življenja te im se uvjeti života i rada razlikuju od uvjeta rada i života radnika u drugim gospodarskim djelatnostima. U nacionalnom zakonodavstvu Republike Hrvatske ne postoji cjelovit pravni akt kojim se uređuju radni, socijalni i životni uvjeti pomoraca, već takve odredbe sadrži više propisa od koji je najvažniji Pomorski zakonik Republike Hrvatske. Cilj ovog rada je pružiti prikaz izvora prava koji uređuju radnopravne odnose pomoraca kao i način na koji se isti uređuje. U radu se prikazuje važna uloga Međunarodne organizacije rada u zaštiti radnih i socijalnih prava pomoraca.The employment of seafarers is one of the most sensitive and specific employment relationships. Seafarers are special category of workers, since their place of work is also their place of residence and their living and working conditions differ from working and living conditions of workers in other economic activities. There is no complete and unified legal act in the national legislation of the Republic of Croatia regulating working, social and living conditions of seafarers. Such provisions are contained in several regulations and the most important act is the Croatian Maritime Code. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the sources of law which regulate employment of seafarers, as well as the manner in which such relationship is regulated. This paper emphasizes significance of the International Labour Organisation in protecting the employment and social relations of seafarers
Ergonomics in Equipment of Communication Equipment SOLAS Vessels
No full textErgonomija i njezini principi u suvremeno su doba postali važan čimbenik prilikom stvaranja novih radnih sustava te uređaja. Pomoću istih postiže se veća udobnost i učinkovitost rada, ali i povećana sigurnost radnog mjesta te izvedbe radnih procesa. To rezultira većim zadovoljstvom korisnika istih, koji pritom daju bolje radne rezultate. U pomorstvu je ergonomija također dobila na značaju te se uređaji i sustavi dizajniraju kako bi olakšali rad te povećali sigurnost plovidbe. U ovom radu opisuje se važnost primjene ergonomije u pomorstvu, s posebnim naglaskom na primjenu ergonomije u komunikacijskim sustavima. Suvremeni sustavi sve su pouzdaniji te pružaju sve više mogućnosti, no stvaraju se u skladu sa stvarnim potrebama korisnika. Učinkoviti komunikacijski sustavi temelj su sigurne plovidbe te se u budućnosti može očekivati još izraženiji tehnološki i tehnički napredak iste.Ergonomics and its principles in modern times have become an important factor in creating new work systems and devices. With the help of them, greater comfort and efficiency of work is achieved, but also increased safety of the workplace and the performance of work processes. This results in greater user satisfaction, which in turn gives better performance. In the maritime sector, ergonomics has also gained in importance, and devices and systems are being designed to facilitate work and increase navigation safety. This paper describes the importance of the application of maritime ergonomics, with special emphasis on the application of ergonomics in communication systems. Modern systems are more reliable and provide more possibilities, but they are created in accordance with the real needs of users. Efficient communication systems are the foundation of safe navigation, and in the future even more pronounced technological and technical progress can be expected
The control levels of the cocom model as a guideline for the design of the ship bridge
No full textU doba suvremene tehnologije dizajn brodskog mosta je automatiziran i opremljen suvremenom digitalnom opremom. Veliki broj podataka pomoću sustava upravo dolazi sa brodskog mosta koji su povezani sa digitalnim sučeljem prema određenim standardima. Standardizacijom je olakšan pristup podacima navigacijskog sustava i opreme. U cilju poboljšanja plovidbe Međunarodna pomorska organizacija započela je rad na konceptu e-navigacije kako bi se uskladio, integrirao, razmijenio, prezentirao i analizirao koncept podataka koji dolaze sa brodova, a samim tim i osigurao sigurnost i zaštitu na moru.In the time of modern technology, the ship’s bridge design is automatized and it is equipped with modern digital technology. We are able to receive a lot of data information through system that comes from the ship’s bridge which is linked according to certain digital standards. Easier access to navigation data, navigation system and equipment was enabled by standardizing. International Maritime Organization has been started working on a concept called e-navigation in order to align, integrate, exchange, present and analyse concept data which comes from the ships and at the same time provide safety and security while onboard
Measurements of velocity and acceleration
No full textCilj završnog rada je opisati mjerenje brzine i ubrzanja. Analizirani su matematički postupci mjerenja brzine i ubrzanja, mjerni instrumenti i metode kojima se vrši mjerenje brzine i ubrzanja te njihov princip rada. Mjerenje brzine i ubrzanja kakvo se danas koristi, značajno se razlikuje od onog koje se prije koristilo zbog toga što ljudi prije nisu poznavali kinematičke zakone, a nisu imali ni modernu opremu. U početku su koristili naprave od drveta i konopa za mjerenje brzine, a danas se koriste suvremeni digitalni instrumenti koji su redundantni, pouzdani, točni i precizni. Brzina broda mjeri se brzinomjerima, a izvedbe brzinomjera su različite. Minimalne karakteristike brzinomjera definirane su IMO rezolucijom. Danas se najviše koriste Doppler brzinomjeri koji rade na temelju Dopplerovog učinka i moderni GNSS prijemnici.The aim of the thesis is to describe the measurement of velocity and acceleration. Mathematical procedures for measuring speed and acceleration, measuring instruments and methods used to measure speed and acceleration, and their principle of operation were analysed. The measurement of speed and acceleration as used today differs significantly from what was used before because people did not know the laws of kinematics before and did not have modern equipment. People initially used devices made of wood and rope so called Chip log to measure speed, and today modern digital instruments are used which are redundant, reliable, accurate and precise. The speed of the ship is measured with speed logs and their performance differ. The minimum characteristics of the speed logs are defined by IMO resolution. Today, Doppler speed logs based on Doppler effect and modern GNSS receivers are the most widely used
Devices for treatment of oily and waste water on board
No full textIspuštanje otpadne i zauljene vode predstavlja veliki problem koji ne bi postojao da je dozvoljeno njihovo izravno ispuštanje u more, ali zbog brojnih razloga to nije dopušteno. Značajno povećanje svih tipova brodova, a naročito putničkih stvorilo je još veći problem. Sve ovo dovelo je do znatnog povećanja onečišćenja mora, naročito od strane fekalnih voda s brodova. Velike količine otpadnih i zauljenih voda dovele su do toga da svaki brod ima sustav za njihovu obradu i skladištenje s ciljem da se uklone štetne tvari prije njihova ispuštanja u more. Sve ovo regulirano je najviše od strane MARPOL konvencije, ali i od strane brojnih nacionalnih propisa.Discharge of waste water and oily water is a major problem that would not exist if their direct discharge into the sea were allowed, but for a number of reasons it is not allowed. The significant increase in all types of vessels, especially passenger has created an even bigger problem. All this has led to a significant increase in marine pollution, especially from fecal water from vessel. Large amounts of waste water and oily water have led to each ship having a system for their treatment and storage with the aim of removing pollutants before discharging into the sea. All this is regulated mostly by the MARPOL convention, but also by numerous national regulation
IMO guidelines for the reduction of underwater noise from commercial shipping to adress adverse impacts on marine life
No full textPredmet ovog rada je utjecaj podvodne buke s brodova na morski okoliš s posebnim naglaskom na štetan utjecaj podvodne buke na morske sisavce, te načine smanjenja podvodne buke i njenih posljedica po život u moru. Cilj rada je analizirati IMO Smjernice za smanjenje utjecaja podvodne buke iz komercijalnog brodarstva na morske organizme. Velik dio podvodne buke s brodova nastaje zbog pojave kavitacije propelera, ali i brodska oprema na palubi i strojarnici proizvodi buku koja nije zanemariva. 2014. godine International Maritime Organisation (IMO) je održao skupštinu na kojoj su donesene Smjernice za smanjenje podvodne buke u komercijalnom brodarstvu. Smjernice se odnose na tehnička rješenja za dijelove broda i opremu (propelere, brodsku oplatu, oblik oplate, palubnu opremu) i na neke operativne aspekte.The subject of this paper is the impact of underwater noise from ships on marine environment with special emphasis on harmful effects of underwater noise on marine mammals, and the ways to reduce underwater noise and its consequences for marine life. The aim of this paper is to analyze the IMO Guidelines for Reducing the Impact of Underwater Noise from Commercial Shipping on Marine Organisms. Great deal of underwater noise from ships is caused by the appearance of propeller cavitation, but deck equipment and engine room produces noise that is not negligible. In 2014, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) held an assembly at which Guidelines for the reduction of underwater noise in commercial shipping was adopted. The Guidelines relates to technical solutions for ship parts and equipment (propellers, ship hull, formwork, deck equipment) and to some operational aspects
Marine frigo containers
No full textBrodski rashladni kontejneri su kontejneri koji se koriste pri prijevozu robe koja mora biti održavana na konstantnoj temperaturi iznad ili ispod točke smrzavanja. Rashladni kontejner ima vlastiti pogonski sklop za napajanje rashladnog uređaja ili je opremljen vlastitim rashladnim uređajem koji se napaja električnom energijom iz vanjskog izvora. U pomorskom prometu na suvremenim kontejnerskim brodovima koristi se zatvoreni sustav protoka zraka jer je ekonomičniji. Posljednjih godina sve više se ulaže u modernizaciju rashladnih kontejnera i uvođenje mikroračunalne tehnike u rashladne jedinice.Marine frigo containers are containers used in the transport of goods which must be maintained at a constant temperature above or below freezing. The refrigerated container has its own drive asembly to power cooling unit or is equipped with its own cooling device which is supplied with power from an external source. In maritime transport on modern container ships closed system air flow is mostly used because it is more economical. In recent years, more and more is being invested in the modernization of cooling containers and the introduction of microcomputer technology in refrigeration units
Diagnostics of modern electronic controlled engines
No full textU posljednja dva desetljeća, pomorstvo je ostvarilo veliki napredak u propulzijskim sustavima. Nove tehnologije ostvarivale su bolje performanse motora, niže potrošnje goriva, te smanjenja emisije štetnih ispušnih plinova. Sve složeniji sustavi zahtijevaju moderne dijagnostičke i optimizacijske sustave. Otkrivanje kvarova brodskog motora iznimno je važno za eksploataciju broda, tj. osiguravanje profitabilnosti, a ujedno i smanjenje emisije štetnih plinova. Cilj ovoga rada je opisati princip rada dijagnostičkih sustava i sustava optimizacije, njihove mogućnosti i načine implementacije.In the last two decades, shipping has made great strides in propulsion systems. New technologies enable better engine performance, lower fuel consumption and reduced emissions. Increasingly complex systems require modern diagnostic and optimization systems. Detection of marine engine failures is extremely important for the operation of the ship, ie ensuring profitability and at the same time reducing the emission of harmful gases. The aim of this paper is to describe the principle of operation of diagnostic systems and system optimization, their capabilities and methods of implementation
Ecological footprint
No full textEkološki otisak pokazuje koliki pritisak na Zemlju vrši čovječanstvo, pri čemu je koristeći se usporedbom biokapaciteta i ekološkog otiska moguće izmjeriti točan utjecaj čovjeka na okoliš. Biokapacitet predstavlja količinu prirodnih resursa koje Zemlja proizvodi kako bi se zadovoljile ljudske potrebe. Dio ekološkog otiska je i ugljični otisak, ali on se usredotočuje na stakleničke plinove koji se oslobađaju izgaranjem fosilnih goriva. Predmet ovog rada jest definirati koncept ekološkog otiska i pojmove koji su s njim uskopovezani. Fokus je stavljen i na metode kojima se računa ekološki i ugljični otisak, te su predstavljeni načini za smanjenje otisaka. Prikazane su razlike između europskih zemalja s najvećim i najmanjim ekološkim otiskom, te su uspoređene razlike između količine biokapaciteta svake od država.The ecological footprint shows how much pressure humanity is putting on the Earth, and it may be used to calculate the actual impact of man on the ecosystem by comparing biocapacity and ecological footprint. The amount of natural resources produced by the Earth to meet human requirements is known as biocapacity. The carbon footprint is part of the ecological footprint, however it concentrates on greenhouse gasses emitted by burning fossil fuels. The goal of this paper is to define concept of ecological footprint, as well as topics that are connected to it. The focus is also on methods for calculating ecological and carbon footprint, as well as suggestions for reducing footprints. The differences between the European countries with the highest and smallest ecological footprint are presented, as well as differences in biocapacity of each of the country are compared