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    1609 research outputs found

    COVID 19 pandemic, implementation of preventive measures and impact on the dynamics of the maritime industry

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    U radu je prikazana pandemija COVID-19, njezin utjecaj na dinamiku pomorske industrije, te provođenje preventivnih mjera za sprječavanje iste. Novonastala pandemija je pandemija nove bolesti dišnih puteva koja je pogodila cijeli svijet, uključujući i pomorsku industriju koja čini više od 90% prekogranične trgovine. Preventivne mjere trenutna su strategija ograničavanja širenja slučajeva i stavljanja virusa pod kontrolu.The paper presents the COVID-19 pandemic, its impact on the dynamics of the maritime industry, and the implementation of preventive measures. The emerging pandemic is a pandemic of a new respiratory disease that has affected the entire world, including the maritime industry, which accounts for more than 90% of cross-border trade. Preventive measures are the current strategy to limit the spread of cases and bring the virus under control

    Functions in practical shipping examples

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    Pomorstvo kao djelatnost je skup radnji koje su usko povezane sa morem i brodovima. međutim ono ne uključuje samo plovidbu i navigaciju već povezuje navigaciju, brodogradnju, trgovinu, ekonomiju, menadžment i kompanije. Matematika kao znanost je prisutna u pomorstvu od njegovog početka. Služi za precizne izračune pozicija, opterećenja brodske konstrukcije, izgradnju luka i terminala te još mnogo toga. Cilj ovog rada je pojasniti i prikazati praktičnu primjenu matematičkih funkcija u nekim od svakodnevnih obaveza modernog pomorca. Njihovom primjenom rješavaju se problemi vezani za navigaciju, izgradnju luka i gibanje brodova.Maritime science as an activity is a set of activities that are closely related to the sea and ships. however, it does not only involve navigation but connects navigation, shipbuilding, trade, economics, management and companies. Mathematics as a science has been present in maritime affairs since its inception. It is used for precise calculations of positions, loads of ship construction, construction of ports and terminals and much more. The aim of this paper is to clarify and present the practical application of mathematical functions in some of the daily duties of a modern seafarer. Their application solves problems related to navigation, port construction and ship movement

    Officer of the Watch - situational Awareness

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    Jedan od glavnih uzroka mnogih pomorskih nesreća je ljudski faktor. Analizom pomorskih nesreća ustanovilo se da je situacijsko zapažanje važan sigurnosni čimbenik. Nadalje, radom se nastoji istaknuti visoka razina situacijskog zapažanja kao važnog sigurnosnog čimbenika kojeg posjeduje časnik plovidbene straže. Potrebno je definirati ulogu Međunarodne pomorske organizacije i Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije u vezi sa situacijskim zapažanjem. Posljedice loše razine situacijskog zapažanja su prikazane kroz pomorske nesreće zajedno sa ljudskim i organizacijskim faktorima koji smanjuju situacijsko zapažanje. Definirana je uloga pomorske izobrazbe i modernih tehnoloških rješenja u smislu sprječavanja pomorskih nesreća i poboljšanja situacijskog zapažanja. Provedena je i anketa kojoj je cilj bio prikupiti podatke o važnosti situacijskog zapažanja od strane iskusnih pomorskih časnika kao ciljane skupine.One of the main causes of many maritime accidents is the human factor. Analysis of these accidents shows that situational awareness is an important safety factor. This paper also aims to emphasize the high level of situational awareness as an important safety factor possessed by the Officer of the Watch. It is important to define the role of International Maritime Organization and the World Health Organization in relation to situational awareness. Consequences of low situational awareness are shown through examples of tragic maritime accidents, along with identifying human and organizational factors that significantly reduce situational awareness. The role of maritime training and that of modern technological solutions in the effort to prevent maritime accidents and improve the situational awareness has also been defined. A questionnaire was also conducted with the aim of collecting data on the importance of situational awareness from the experienced mariners as a target group

    Analysis of Combustion process in steam generator

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    U radu se analizirao proces izgaranja plinskog goriva u generatoru pare proizvođača GUNT oznake ET850. Izvršio se teoretski proračun izgaranja mijenjajući pretičak zraka i dobiveni rezultati uspoređeni su s rezultatima mjerenja. U radu je opisan sustav brodskog generatora pare, prikazana je kratka podjela i opis fosilnih goriva, termodinamička svojstva goriva te je opisan proces potpunog i nepotpunog izgaranja. Teoretski proračun izgaranja goriva uspoređen je s rezultatima dobivenih mjerenjem na generatoru pare proizvođača GUNT ET580. Iz rezultata mjerenja i rezultata dobivenih teorijskim proračunom izgaranja goriva zaključuje se kako se smanjenjem pretička zraka povećava stupanj djelovanja izgaranja, temperatura ispušnih plinova i adijabatska temperatura izgaranja. Također, bez obzira na relativno veliki pretičak zraka za plinovita goriva, λ = 3, javlja se neizgoreno gorivo u obliku CO.The paper analyzes the combustion process of gaseous fuel in a steam generator manufactured by GUNT type ET850. The theoretical calculation of combustion was performed by changing the air excess and the obtained results were compared with the measurement results. The paper describes the ship's steam generator system, presents a brief division and description of fossil fuels, thermodynamic properties of fuels and describes the process of complete and incomplete combustion. The theoretical calculation of fuel combustion was compared with the results obtained by measurement on a steam generator manufactured by GUNT ET580. From the measurement results and the results obtained by the theoretical calculation of fuel combustion, it is concluded that the reduction of excess air increases the degree of combustion efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and adiabatic combustion temperature. Also, despite the relatively large air surplus for gaseous fuels, λ = 3, unburned fuel in the form of CO occurs

    Measurement and analysis of operating parameters of marine engines

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    Brodski motori koji se danas grade bivaju sve složeniji kako bi udovoljili današnjim sve strožim zahtjevima u cilju zaštite okoliša. U tu svrhu u brodske motore se ugrađuje veliki broj senzora koji konstantno ili periodički prate njegov normalan rad. Glavna uloga senzora za praćenje rada motora je da olakšaju uočavanje kvara na motoru. Sustave nadzora nad motorom koriste stručnjaci koji procjenjuju stanje motora i lakše donose odluke o njegovom održavanju i uklanjanu nedostataka. Svaki motor ima svoje točno određene parametre motora koje propisuje proizvođač motora.The marine engines being built today are becoming more complex to meet today’s increasingly stringent environmental requirements. For this purpose, a large number of sensors are installed in marine engines, which constantly or periodically monitor its normal operation. The main role of the engine monitoring sensors is to make it easier to detect engine faults. Engine monitoring systems are used by experts who assess the condition of the engine and make easier decisions about its maintenance and elimination of defects. Each engine has its own specific engine parameters prescribed by the engine manufacturer

    Analysis of types and features of electronic navigation charts on board

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    Suvremeno pomorstvo u 21. stoljeću zahtijeva uporabu mnogobrojnih modernih pomagala u navigaciji. Cilj je na svaki mogući način pomorcima olakšati posao i očuvati sigurnost i integritet posade i broda. Elektroničke navigacijske karte su jedno od najznačajnijih pomagala na brodovima te se pomoću njih mogu obavljati brojni zadaci kao što su ucrtavanje pomorske rute i planiranje putovanja broda u cijelosti. Njihova primjena na brodovima je zaživjela u posljednjih dvadeset godina te je cilj da se u potpunosti izbace tradicionalne papirnate karte iz uporabe. Prilikom stvaranja i primjene elektroničkih navigacijskih karata koriste se brojni standardi kao i pravni propisi kojima one podliježu i kojima moraju udovoljiti. U radu se analiziraju značajke vektorskih, rasterskih i neslužbenih elektroničkih navigacijskih karata. Te se značajke odnose na pojmove informacijskog sustava za prikaz elektroničkih karata (engl. Electronic Chart Display and Information System - ECDIS), elektroničke navigacijske karte (engl. Electronic Navigational Chart – ENC), rasterske navigacijske karte (engl. Raster Navigational Chart – RNC) i elektroničkog kartografskog sustava (engl. Electronic Chart System – ECS).Modern seafaring in the 21st century requires the use of many modern aids in navigation. The aim is to facilitate the work of seafarers in every possible way and to preserve the safety and integrity of the crew and the ship. Electronic navigational charts are one of the most important aids on ships and can be used to perform a number of tasks such as drawing a sea route and complete an entirely passage planning. Their application on ships has come to life in last twenty years and the goal is to completely remove traditional paper charts from use. Numerous standards are used in the creation and application of electronic navigational charts, as well as legal regulations to which they are subject and which must be complied with. In this paper the features of vector, raster and unofficial electronic navigational charts are analyzed. These features refer to terms ECDIS, ENC, RNC and ECS

    Cost assesment of oil spill recovery

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    Čimbenici koji utječu na troškove čišćenja uljnog izljeva složeni su i međusobno povezani. Svako izlijevanje ulja uključuje jedinstveni splet okolnosti koje određuju troškove čišćenja. Prilikom određivanja troškova čišćenja uljnog izljeva ne može se uzeti samo općenita procjena bez da se uključe čimbenici kao što su lokacija i vrsta ulja. Troškovi povezani s čišćenjem uljnog izljeva pod velikim su utjecajem okolnosti samog izlijevanja, uključujući: vrstu izlivenog ulja; mjesto i vrijeme izlijevanja; osjetljivost pogođenog područja; postavljena ograničenja odgovornosti; lokalni i nacionalni zakoni; te strategiju čišćenja. Najvažniji čimbenici koji određuju trošak po jedinici (po galonu ili po toni) su mjesto izljeva i vrsta ulja.The factors affecting the cost of cleaning up an oil spill are complex and interrelated. Each oil spill involves a unique set of circumstances that determine the cost of cleanup. When determining the cost of cleaning up an oil spill, a general assessment cannot be made without considering factors such as the location and type of oil. The costs associated with cleaning up an oil spill are heavily influenced by the circumstances of the spill itself, including: the type of oil spilled, the location and timing of the spill, the sensitivity of the affected area, established liability limits, local and national laws, and a cleanup strategy. The main factors determining the unit cost (per gallon or per tonne) are the location of the oil spill and the type of oil

    Passanger ships with azipods

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    Tendencija u pomorskom gospodarstvu jest poboljšanje sprječavanja onečišćenja sa pomorskih brodova i sigurnost broda, naročito u manevriranju brodom, tako da se može sigurno ploviti pri smanjenim brzinama u plićacima, kanalima i lukama te bez pomoći tegljača. Ovo je vrlo važno za brodove koji često dolaze u luku, kao što su trajekti, putnički brodovi, brodovi opskrbljivači i shuttle tankeri, koji su opremljeni s brojnim porivnicima. Razvoj sustava električnog ovjesnog pogona predstavljen je pod imenom "Azipod". Sustav Azipod je prijenosni pogonski sustav bez transmisije koji uključuje električni pogonski motor koji se nalazi u podvodnom podu izvan trupa broda, gdje je u većini slučajeva, rješenje postavljanje pogonskih motora unutar trupa. Motor podsustava propulzivnog sustava izravno je povezan s propelerom s fiksnim nagibom, koji kontrolira brzinu propelera. Azipod propulzija jest sustav ovjesnog kormila s propelerom. Mnoge pozitivne značajke ove propulzije razlog su za ugradnju Azipoda na brodove u budućnosti.The trend in the maritime economy is to improve the prevention of pollution from seagoing ships and the safety of the ship, especially in ship maneuvering, so that it can sail safely even at reduced speeds in shallows, canals and harbors without the help of tugs. This is very important for ships that frequently come to port, such as ferries, passenger ships, supply ships, and shuttle tankers, which are equipped with numerous pushers. The development of the electric suspension drive system was presented under the name "Azipod". The Azipod system is a portable propulsion system without transmission that includes an electric propulsion engine located in the underwater floor outside the hull, where in most cases, solution is placing the propulsion engine inside the hull. The propulsion system subsystem motor is directly connected to a fixed-pitch propeller, which controls the speed of the propeller. Azipod propulsion means a system of suspended rudder propellers. Many positive features of this propulsion justify the installation of Azipods on ships in the future

    The impact of shipwrecks on the marine environment

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    Onečišćenje morskog okoliša ne utječe samo na morske organizme, već kroz cijeli hranidbeni lanac ima utjecaj i na ljude. Razni su načini zagađenja i ekoloških katastrofa, uključivši industriju i ljude, a ovaj rad stavlja fokus na olupine brodova. Olupine, koje su napravljene od željeza i drugih metala, kao i azbesta, znaju prenositi štetne tvari kao što su ulja, radioaktivni materijali i slično. U radu je prikazan štetan utjecaj olupina na morski okoliš. Nadalje, opisani su i neki od načina smanjenja učinaka olupina na okoliš te su istaknuti pojedini pozitivni učinci; primjerice pri stvaranju novih staništa za organizme i koralje.Pollution of the marine environment not only affects marine organisms, but also affects humans throughout the food chain. There are various types of pollution and environmental disasters involving industry and humans, and this work focuses on shipwrecks. Wrecks that are made of iron and other metals as well as asbestos can transfer harmful substances such as oils, radioactive materials and the like. The work presents the harmful effects of wrecks on the marine environment. It also describes some ways to reduce the impact of wrecks on the environment and highlights some positive effects, for example, the creation of new habitats for organisms and corals

    Evarated cargo re-liquefaction system of LNG ships

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    Plin kontinuirano isparava zbog izmjena topline s okolinom, što najviše ovisi o toplinskoj vodljivosti izolacije i debljini spremnika. Koeficijent isparivanja plina također ovisi o sastavu mješavine plina, vanjskoj temperaturi, termodinamičkoj stabilnosti plina u tekućoj fazi i tlaku plina u spremnicima. Povećane debljine izolacije spremnika znatno smanjuju isparivanje plina ali i povećavaju potrošnju teškog goriva, smanjuju količinu prevezenog tereta i povećavaju troškove izgradnje takvih sustava. Koeficijent dnevnog isparivanja plina i ukupna iskoristivost brodskoga pogonskoga postrojenja korišteni su kao parametri pri izboru optimalnog sustava.The gas continuously evaporates due to heat changes with the environment, which mostly depends on the thermal conductivity of the insulation and the thickness of the tank. The gas evaporation coefficient also depends on the composition of the gas mixture, the outside temperature, the thermodynamic stability of the gas in the liquid phase and the gas pressure in the tanks. Increased tank insulation thicknesses significantly reduce gas evaporation, but also increase heavy fuel consumption, reduce the amount of cargo transported, and increase the cost of building such systems. The daily gas evaporation coefficient and the total efficiency of the marine propulsion system were used as parameters in the selection of the optimal system

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