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Plotting courses in coastal navigation
No full textU ovom završnom radu obrađena je tema crtanje kursova u obalnoj navigaciji.
Obalna navigacija je navigacija kod koje je udaljenost od najbližeg kopna manje od 50M.
Podrazumijeva se plovidba kod koje se za određivanje pozicije broda i drugih elemenata
plovidbe koriste terestrički objekti viđeni ljudskim okom. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati način
ctranja kursa i osnovnih kutova u navigaciji koji se koriste kod određivanja pozicije broda,
promjene kursa i sigurne plovidbe. Kursovi se ucrtavaju na navigacijskoj karti uz
pridržavanje općih načela.In this final work the theme is plotting courses in coastal navigation. Coastal
navigation is navigation where the distance from the nearest land is less than 50M. It is
known as navigation where terrestrial objects, seen by naked eye, are used to determine the
position of the ship and other elements of navigation. The main objective of this final work
is to demonstrate the methods of plotting courses and azimuths in navigation, that are used
for position fixing, course alterations and safe navigation. Courses are plotted on the
navigation chart in accordance with general principles
Electrical Power Management on Ships with Diesel-Mechanical Propulsion
No full textCilj rada je opisati način rada i upravljanja procesima proizvodnje i distribucije električne energije u ovisnosti o režimima rada broda na primjeru broda s dizel-mehaničkom propulzijom. Kao predmet istraživanja korišten je Kongsbergov simulator brodske strojarnice supertankera ERS, Engine Room Simulator L11 5L90MC-VLLC. U radu su predstavljeni električni strojevi i uređaji koje ovakav pogon koristi, elektroenergetski sustav broda, kao i oni brodski sustavi bez kojih bi rad elektroenergetskog sustava bio nemoguć.Purpose of this thesis is to describe the operation and control of generation and distribution of electricity depending on different modes of operation, taking for a example a vessel with diesel-mechanical propulsion. Kongsberg supertanker engine room simulator L11 5L90MC-VLLC was used as a case study. This thesis describes electrical machines and devices used by a vessel of this type, the vessel's power system, as well as those vessel systems without which the operation of the power system would be impossible
PCC car carriers ro-ro
No full text„Brodovi za prijevoz“ vozila je rad koji opisuje brodove za prijevoz, metode koje
koriste pri manipulaciji teretom i njegovo osiguranje te oprema kojom se pristupljuje
brodu. U radu je opisan razvoj ro-ro brodova iz kojih su nastali specijalizirani ro-ro
brodovi različitih vrsta. Novi način prekrcavanja tereta promijenio je tržište. Naglo se
razvio sustav manipulacije teretom na kotačima i veliku prednost je pružalo kraće
zadržavanje u lukama zbog prekrcaja. Tržište prijevoza vozila raširilo se po cijelom svijetu
i prijevoz takvog tereta je najisplativiji brodom zbog manjih troškova i velikog kapaciteta
brodskih skladišta. Kroz godine se kapacitet bolje iskorištavao poboljšanim metodama
slaganja tereta kao i konstrukcijskim promjenama brodskih skladišta. Razne havarije
dovele su do potrebe za unaprjeđenjem sigurnosti brodova za prijevoz vozila te su izdana
posebna pravila u vezi slaganja i osiguranja tereta. Koriste se različiti materijali i metode
kako ne bi došlo do pomicanja tereta tijekom plovidbe te se tako ugrozio stabilitet broda.“Pure car carriers“ is a scientific paper that describes transport ships, the methods
used in the manipulation of cargo and its securing and the equipment used to access the
ship. The paper describes the development of ro-ro ships, from which specialized ro-ro
ships of various types were created. A new way of transshipping cargo has changed the
market. The wheeled cargo handling system was rapidly developed and a major advantage
was the shorter stay in ports due to interruptions. The vehicle transport market has spread
all over the world and the transport of such cargo is the most profitable by ship due to
lower costs and the large capacity of ship's holds. Over the years, the capacity has been
better utilized by improved cargo stacking methods as well as structural changes in ship's
warehouses. Various accidents led to the need to improve the safety of ships for the
transport of vehicles, and special rules were issued regarding the stacking and securing of
cargo. Different materials and methods are used in order to prevent the cargo from moving
during navigation, thus jeopardizing the stability of the ship
Cyber Threats in maritime Traffic
No full textCilj ovog završnog rada je pružţiti uvid u kibernetičke prijetnje pomorskog prometa.
Integracijom i mrežţnom povezanošću relevantnih pomorskih sustava, pomorstvo je u jednakoj
mjeriina kopnu i na moru osjetljivo na kibernetičke napade. Trend kibernetičkih napada u
pomorstvu započeo je još u prošlom desetljeću, a stalnim uvođenjem sigurnosnih smjernica,
standarda, pravila, evaluacijom rizika od prijetnji, analizom prijašnjih napada, edukacijom,
osvješćivanjem sudionika o kibernetičkim rizicima i dr. postiže se veća kibernetička
sigurnost. Razinu kibernetičke sigurnosti potrebno je stalno nadzirati i ažurirati kako bi se
broj kibernetičkih prijetnji održavao na minimumu.The aim of this thesis was to provide an insight into cyber threats in maritime traffic.
With the integration and networking of relevant maritime systems, maritime is equally
vulnerable to cyber-attacks, both on land and at sea. The trend of cyberattacks in the maritime
sector began in the last decade, and with the constant introduction of security guidelines,
standards, rules, evaluation of threats, analysis of previous attacks, education, awareness of
cyber risks, etc., greater cyber security is achieved. The level of cyber security needs to be
constantly monitored and updated in order to keep the number of cyber threats to a minimum
level
Classification of tanker for carriage of chemicals and their characteristic
No full textPrijevoz kemikalija pomorskim plovilima zahtjeva izuzetan oprez kako bi se spriječila oštećenja i onečišćenja. Ovi tankeri moraju i jesu posebno dizajnirani brodovi za prijevoz tekućina. Transport morem izuzetno je popularan način razmjene dobara. Morem se mogu prenositi razne supstance, pa tako i kemikalije. Tankeri namijenjeni prijevozu kemikalija posebni su tankeri i upravo zbog specifičnosti tereta koje prevoze moraju biti dizajnirani na poseban način. Rukovanje i transport ovih vrsta tereta predstavlja izuzetnu opasnost po zdravlje čovjeka i okoliš- Zbog toga su implementirana posebna pravila kojih se svi brodovi moraju pridržavati. Iako neka od pravila variraju, postoji skup zajedničkih normi koji svi moraju zadovoljiti kako bi dobili certifikat koji brodu omogućava poslovanje. Tankerima za prijevoz kemikalija u tekućem stanju najčešće se prevoze kemikalije i naftni derivati. Obzirom na to da ove kemikalija mogu reagirati u doticaju s drugim kemikalijama, zrakom ili vodom potrebno je posebnu pažnju obratiti na način skladištenja tereta i brigu o njemu u tijeku transporta.Transportation of chemicals by vessels requires extreme caution in order to prevent damage and pollution. These tankers must and are specially designed vessels for the transport of liquids. Sea transport is an extremely popular way of exchanging goods. Various substances can be transported by sea, including chemicals. Tankers intended for the transport of chemicals are special tankers and precisely because of the specificity of the cargo they transport, they must be designed in a special way. The handling and transport of these types of cargo represents an extreme danger to human health and the environment - This is why special rules have been implemented that all ships must comply with. Although some of the rules vary, there is a set of common standards that all must meet in order to receive a certificate that allows a ship to operate. Tankers for the transport of chemicals in liquid form are most often used to transport chemicals and oil derivatives. Considering that these chemicals can react in contact with other chemicals, air or water, it is necessary to pay special attention to the way the cargo is stored and taken care of during transport
Cargo specific operations on LNG ships
No full textPrirodni plin je energent koji zbog svoje iskoristivosti, dostupnosti i ekološke prihvatljivosti ima potencijal preuzimanja primata među neobnovljivim izvorima energije. Ukapljeni prirodni plin (eng. Liquified Natural Gas-LNG), je pročišćeni prirodni plin metan pretvoren u tekuće stanje spuštanjem na temperaturu nižu od njegova vrelišta. Transport specijalnim brodovima za prijevoz ukapljenog prirodnog plina (eng. LNG carriers) započeo je 60-ih godina 20-og stoljeća i danas se u eksploataciji najčešće koriste 4 različita sustava teretnih tankova. Izgradnja LNG brodova regulirana je međunarodnim pravilnikom za gradnju i opremanje brodova za prijevoz plinova (eng. IGC Code). Složenost procesa ukapljivanja, te svojstva kao što su reaktivnost, zapaljivost i eksplozivnost, iziskuju niz operacija nužnih za siguran, te ekonomski i ekološki prihvatljiv transport LNG-a. Osnovni cilj rada je kroz kronološku podjelu tijeka operacija, počevši od izlaska iz suhog doka, preko ukrcaja tereta, putovanja s teretom, iskrcaja tereta, balastnog putovanja i ponovne pripreme za suhi dok, temeljito analizirati specifične teretne operacije, te time ukazati na visoku razinu osposobljenosti posade potrebnu za rukovanje LNG teretom.Natural gas is an energy source that, due to its usability, availability, and environmental friendliness, has the potential to take the lead among non-renewable energy sources. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is a purified methane natural gas converted to a liquid state by lowering it to a temperature below its boiling point. Transport of liquefied natural gas by LNG carriers began in the 60s of the 20th century and today 4 different types of cargo tank systems that are mainly used in operation. The construction of LNG carriers is regulated by the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (IGC Code). The complexity of the liquefaction process, as well as properties of liquefied natural gas such as reactivity, inflammability, and explosiveness, require many operations necessary for safe, economically acceptable, and environmentally friendly transport of LNG. The aim of the paper is to, through chronological division of the course of operations, starting from leaving the dry dock, continuing with cargo loading, laden voyage, cargo discharging, ballast voyage and re-preparation for dry dock, thoroughly analyze specific cargo operations, and thus indicate a high level of crew training required to handle LNG cargo
Prevention of sea pollution by oils and exhaust gases
No full textCilj ovog rada je dati prikaz najvaţnijih pravnih propisa vezanih uz zaštitu morskog okoliša i njihovu primjenu u praksi, te prilagodbe brodova i ureĎaja na nova i sve stroţa pravila zaštite morskog okoliša. Danas svjetskim morima plovi velik broj brodova, pa je porastao i strah od onečišćenja, što se odrazilo na povećanje pravnih propisa kojima je reguliran pomorski promet. U ovom radu je obraĎen najbitniji pravni propis koji regulira zaštitu morskog okoliša od zagaĎenja s brodova, MARPOL 73/78 Konvencija, ali i brojni drugi propisi koji reguliraju emisiju ispušnih plinova u atmosferu. Posebna pozornost je posvećena tehnikama za smanjenje štetne emisije ispušnih plinova u atmosferu i tehnologiji uklanjanja uljnih onečišćenja iz mora.The aim of this paper is to give an insight into the most important regulations for marine environment protection, their application in practice as well as the adaptation of ships and ships equipment to new and increasingly strict regulations on the preservation of the marine environment. A large number of ships sail the world's seas today. Therefore, the fear of pollution is much greater than ever before and it reflects in numerous regulations on maritime traffic. This paper deals with the most important regulations for marine environment pollution prevention from ships, the MARPOL 73/78 Convention, as well as numerous other regulations on the emission of exhaust gases into the atmosphere. Special attention is paid to techniques for reducing harmful emissions of exhaust gases and technology for removing oil pollution from the sea
Usporedba više ljudskih operatora u označavanju "Ground truth"
No full textRezultati VIF projekta Uspostava referalne baze za istraživanje utjecaja vremenskih prilika na video nadzor u pomorskom prometu: https://brod.pfst.hr/~ivujovic/ERDBSIWCMVS_webpage.html.Usporedba različitih operatera
marine engines exhaust gas emissions measurement
No full textTema ovoga rada su emisije ispušnih plinova koje nastaju izgaranjem goriva pri radu brodskih motora, kako glavnog porivnog stroja, tako i pomoćnih motora. U radu su opisani zakoni doneseni od strane Međunarodne pomorske organizacije (IMO-a) kojima se reguliraju dozvoljene količine različitih ispušnih plinova, definirana su pravila prema kojima se izrađuju današnji moderni motori za službu brodskog postrojenja, navedeni su mjerni uređaji za kontrolu emisija ispušnih plinova kao i principi rada istih, a za primjer rada obavljeno je i mjerenje ispušnih plinova pomoću uređaja Optima 7 NDIR koje je detaljno opisano uz priložene rezultate mjerenja, kao i sami uređaj.The topic of this paper is exhaust emissions from the combustion of fuel during the operation of marine engines, both the main propulsion engine and auxiliary engines. The paper describes the laws passed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) which regulate the permissible quantities of different exhaust gases, defines the rules according to which today's modern engines are made for the ship's service, lists the measuring devices for exhaust emission control as and the principles of their operation, and for an example of work, the measurement of exhaust gases was performed using the device Optima 7 NDIR, which is described in detail with the attached measurement results, as well as the device itself