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The importance and effects of mathematics in process of gas regasification on FSRV
No full textMatematika se još od davnina koristi u brojnim tehničkim granama, pa tako i u pomorstvu na modernim brodovima koji se koriste za uplinjavanje zemnog plina. Pomorstvo bez poznavanja matematike ne bi bilo zamislivo u pogledu konstrukcije broda, eksploatacije i zaštite okoliša. Utjecaj matematike u pomorstvu se može promatrati kroz razne faktore kao što su efikasnost i isplativost, koje su jedne od pokretačkih grana razvoja boljih, većih i efikasnijih brodova trgovačke mornarice. Ovaj rad se bazira na utjecaju matematike kroz prizmu FSRU (floating regasification and storage vessel). FSRU brodovi efikasno i brzo rješavaju opskrbu plinom uz minimalna ulaganja u infrastrukturu u današnje turbulentno vrijeme tj. jake oscilacije cijena energenata. Razvoj matematike utjecao je na razvoj samog pomorstva. Zbog toga je u obrazovanju svakog pomorca nezaobilazna provjera znanja iz matematičkih kolegija.Since ancient times, mathematics has been used in numerous technical branches, including in shipping and today in modern ships that are used for natural gas gasification. Seafaring without knowledge of mathematics would not be conceivable in terms of ship construction, exploitation, environmental protection. The influence of mathematics in maritime affairs can be seen through various factors such as efficiency and profitability, which are one of the driving forces behind the development of better, larger and more efficient merchant navy ships. This work was based on the influence of mathematics through the prism of FSRU (floating regasification and storage vessel) as a very popular gas supply solution with minimal investment in infrastructure in today's turbulent times, i.e. strong energy price fluctuations. The development of mathematics influenced the development of seafaring itself. That is why in the education of every seafarer, knowledge verification from mathematics courses is inevitable
SHIP COLLISION PROBABILITY MODEL BASED ON MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK (Bi-LSTM)
No full textThe safety of navigation is of global importance. Good organisation, surveillance and
management of maritime traffic contribute significantly to the safety of any maritime region.
Although great efforts have already been made to improve safety, maritime accidents still occur.
By analysing traffic and ship data, it is possible to identify areas where there is a higher risk
due to increased traffic density. This makes it possible to measure the efficiency and safety of
maritime traffic in a monitored region, considering the ship collision probability.
Maritime traffic density is the number of ships passing through the monitored area in a
given time period. The challenge for coastal maritime regions is the variation in traffic density
and mode characteristics. Another challenge is how this variation in shipping routes affects the
ship collisions probability or other accidents at sea.
Traffic density can be measured using data from Automatic Identification System – AIS.
The information provided by AIS is real-time data designed to improve maritime safety and
security. AIS data can also be used for scientific research purposes to improve maritime safety
by developing predictive models for collisions in a research area. The AIS data are received
and stored in "raw format" - National Marine Electronic Association – NMEA files. These files
must be processed, i.e., decoded. Only decoded NMEA files can be used in the model and to
determine collision probability.
The objective of the model in this research is to analyse the traffic density and determine
the collision probability based on the available AIS data for the research area. The proposed
model is applied to the Split maritime area. However, it can be applied to any navigational area
for which the AIS data set exists.
The proposed architecture of the collision probability model includes the following 5 steps:
1. AIS data collecting, processing and verification;
2. Decoding and cleaning-up of AIS data;
3. Route data set creation;
4. Monte Carlo simulations – MC;
5. Learning, validating and testing the proposed Bidirectional Long Short – Term Memory
Artificial Neural Network – Bi-LSTM.The safety of navigation is of global importance. Good organisation, surveillance and
management of maritime traffic contribute significantly to the safety of any maritime region.
Although great efforts have already been made to improve safety, maritime accidents still occur.
By analysing traffic and ship data, it is possible to identify areas where there is a higher risk
due to increased traffic density. This makes it possible to measure the efficiency and safety of
maritime traffic in a monitored region, considering the ship collision probability.
Maritime traffic density is the number of ships passing through the monitored area in a
given time period. The challenge for coastal maritime regions is the variation in traffic density
and mode characteristics. Another challenge is how this variation in shipping routes affects the
ship collisions probability or other accidents at sea.
Traffic density can be measured using data from Automatic Identification System – AIS.
The information provided by AIS is real-time data designed to improve maritime safety and
security. AIS data can also be used for scientific research purposes to improve maritime safety
by developing predictive models for collisions in a research area. The AIS data are received
and stored in "raw format" - National Marine Electronic Association – NMEA files. These files
must be processed, i.e., decoded. Only decoded NMEA files can be used in the model and to
determine collision probability.
The objective of the model in this research is to analyse the traffic density and determine
the collision probability based on the available AIS data for the research area. The proposed
model is applied to the Split maritime area. However, it can be applied to any navigational area
for which the AIS data set exists.
The proposed architecture of the collision probability model includes the following 5 steps:
1. AIS data collecting, processing and verification;
2. Decoding and cleaning-up of AIS data;
3. Route data set creation;
4. Monte Carlo simulations – MC;
5. Learning, validating and testing the proposed Bidirectional Long Short – Term Memory
Artificial Neural Network – Bi-LSTM
Analysis of the development of ship reporting systems in the function of incrising navigation
No full textPovećanje sigurnosti plovidbe temelj je sustava izvješćivanja s brodova. Sustavi
izvješćivanja s brodova mogu se podijeliti na obvezne i neobvezne sustave. IMO kao glavno
tijelo mora odobriti sve obvezne sustave izvješćivanja s brodova. Glavni način komunikacije
u sustavima izvješćivanja s brodova su izvješća. Zahvaljujući novim tehnologijama
omogućen je daljnji razvoj sustava izvješćivanja s brodova. U ovome radu analizirani su
neki od sustava izvješćivanja s brodova. Na temelju analize može se utvrditi kako sustavi
izvješćivanja s brodova poboljšavaju sigurnost plovidbe, jer omogućavaju bolju situacijsku
svijest svim sudionicima pomorskog prometa. Učinkovitost sustava izvješćivanja s brodova
prikazana je kroz američki Amver sustav koji, iako spada u neobvezne sustave izvješćivanja
s brodova, ima veliki doprinos sigurnosti plovidbe stvaranjem slike površinskog stanja.Increasing the safety of navigation is the basis of ship reporting systems. Ship
reporting systems can be divided into mandatory and voluntary systems. The IMO as the
main body must approve all mandatory ship reporting systems. The main method of
communication in ship reporting systems are reports. Thanks to new technologies, the
further development of ship reporting systems has been made possible. In this paper, some
of the ship reporting systems are analysed. Based on the analysis, it can be determined that
ship reporting systems can improve the safety of navigation because they enable a better
situational awareness for all maritime transport participants. The effectiveness of the ship
reporting system is shown through the American Amver system, which, although it belongs
to the voluntary ship reporting systems, has a great contribution to the safety of navigation
by creating surveillance picture
Exergy Efficiency Calculation of Steam Condenser
No full textParna turbina je uređaj za dobivanje mehaničkog rada iz energije pohranjene u pari.
Tijekom rada, para se dovodi iz brodskog kotla kao pregrijana para visoke temperature i
visokog tlaka u visokotlačnu turbinu. Na izlazu iz visokotlačne turbine ona se ponovno
pregrijava i ulazi u niskotlačnu turbinu. Kondenzator pare je uređaj koji se koristi za
kondenzaciju vodene pare koja dolazi iz turbina (turbo-generatora, turbina za prekrcaj tereta,
turbina za pogon balastnih pumpi i sl.). Tlak u kondenzatoru određuje temperaturu
kondenzacije i stupanj suhoće mokre pare na izlazu iz turbine te promjenu specifične
entalpije u turbini. Što je on veći, na zahtijevanu snagu turbine protočna masa je manja.
Kondenzacija mokre pare odvija se koristeći rashladnu vodu koja u kondenzatoru cirkulira
iz sustava rashladne morske vode. U radu je analiziran eksergijski stupanj djelovanja
kondenzatora pare te je uspoređen s njegovom djelotvornošću.A steam turbine is a device for obtaining mechanical work from energy stored in
steam. During operation, steam is fed from the ship's boiler as superheated high-temperature,
high-pressure steam to the high-pressure turbine. At the exit from the high-pressure turbine,
it is overheated again and enters the low-pressure turbine. A steam condenser is a device
used to condense water vapor coming from turbines (turbo generators, turbines for cargo
handling, turbines for ballast pumps, etc.). The pressure in the condenser determines the
condensation temperature and dryness fraction of the wet steam at the exit from the turbine
and the change in specific enthalpy in the turbine. The higher it is, the lower the flow mass
at the required turbine power. Condensation of wet steam takes place using cooling water
that circulates in the condenser from the cooling seawater system. The paper analyzed the
exergy efficiency of the steam condenser and compared it with its effectiveness
Affordable and clean energy
No full textU diplomskom radu dat je uvid u ciljeve Ujedinjenih naroda o održivom razvoju, s naglaskom na Cilj 7. Pristupačna i čista energija. Napravljen je pregled današnjeg stanja pristupačne i čiste energije u svijetu, inovacija u svijetu energije, te date procjene za budućnost. Unutar teme obrađeni su aktualni problemi energetskog siromaštva i borbe protiv klimatskih promjena, kao bitnim ciljevima održivog razvoja prema Programu Ujedinjenih naroda o održivom razvoju do 2030. godine (Agenda 2030) i Europskom zelenom planu. Prvi dio rada bavi se razlozima traganja za izvorima čiste energije, te načinima njene proizvodnje, ističući važnost prelaska na nove čiste izvore energije, dok drugi dio donosi strategije, procjene sadašnjeg stanja i prognoze za budućnost globalno i pojedinačno za Europsku Uniju. Uz neprekidno ulaganje u obnovljive, čiste izvore energije svijet može dostići postavljene ciljeve održivog razvoja do 2030. godine.The thesis provides an insight into the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, paying particular attention to Goal 7. Affordable and Clean Energy. The current and future state of affordable and clean energy in the world and innovations in the world of energy are presented. The current problems of energy poverty and the fight against climate change as essential goals of sustainable development according to the United Nations Programme for Sustainable Development by 2030 (the Agenda 2030) and the European Green Deal have been addressed, are dealt with. The first part of the thesis deals with the reasons for the search for clean energy sources and production technologies, highlighting the extreme importance of switching to clean energy sources, while the second part deals with the estimates and projections for the current and future production of clean energy for the world and the European Union and their strategies. Through continued investment in renewable, clean energy sources, the world can achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030
Application of new methods and tools in the quality management system
No full textOvaj diplomski rad istraţuje ključne aspekte kvalitete u kontekstu poslovne prakse. Proučavaju se povijest i temeljni pojmovi kvalitete te se istražuje njihova važnost za organizacije. Nadalje, rad analizira različite alate za kontrolu kvalitete, uključujući tradicionalne i suvremene metode, pružajući pregled dostupnih resursa za osiguranje i poboljšanje kvalitete proizvoda i usluga. U sklopu istraživanja, obrađuju se i metode za kontrolu kvalitete, uključujući standardne pristupe, metode specifične za pomorstvo te najnovije suvremene tehnike. Kroz konkretne primjere iz različitih industrija, rad ilustrira kako se alati i metode primjenjuju u stvarnom svijetu te kako doprinose postizanju visokih standarda kvalitete. Na kraju, rad zaključuje da je kontrola kvalitete ključna za održavanje konkurentske prednosti i zadovoljenje očekivanja korisnika u suvremenom poslovnom okruženju.This master's thesis explores key aspects of quality in the context of business practices. It examines the history and fundamental concepts of quality and explores their significance for organizations. Furthermore, the thesis analyzes various quality control tools, including traditional and contemporary methods, providing an overview of available resources for ensuring and improving the quality of products and services. As part of the research, it also covers quality control methods, including standard approaches, methods specific to the maritime industry, and the latest modern techniques. Through concrete examples from various industries, the thesis illustrates how tools and methods are applied in the real world and how they contribute to achieving high-quality standards. In conclusion, the thesis emphasizes that quality control is crucial for maintaining a competitive edge and meeting customer expectations in the contemporary business environment
Croatia country profile SOGs and the environment
No full textOvaj rad povezuje tematiku održivog razvoja i okoliša u Republici Hrvatskoj s posebnim
naglaskom na ciljeve održivog razvoja i zaštitu okoliša, uključujući integralno upravljanje
obalnim područjem i područja ekološke mreže Natura 2000. U radu je dan primjer dobre
prakse kroz ekološki prihvatljivu izvedbu sidrišta. Cilj ovog rada je interakcija ciljeva
održivog razvoja sa zaštitom okoliša u RH. Bit cilja je implementacija ciljeva održivog
razvoja u svrhu zaštite okoliša, koja će pridonijeti ubrzanju koje vodi ka globalizaciji. Može
se reći kako RH ima razvedenu obalu, te je jako teško provoditi audite na cjelokupnom
području, ali uz sve napore i pravilne koordinacije nadležnih službi, može se postići visok
stupanj kontrole. Veliki broj aktivnosti koje dovodi do degradacije obalnog područja
posljedica su prekomjerne urbanizacije i turizma, uključujući nasipavanje i pretjeranu
izgradnju obalnih područja. Hrvatska je određena za sjedište PAP/RAC (engl. Priority
Actions Programme - Regional Activity Centre), sa svrhom provođenja integralnog
upravljanja obalnim područjem u Mediteranu, razvoja turizma u skladu sa zaštitom okoliša,
te izrade i procjene studija na okoliš na obalnim područjima. U nekim slučajevima turizam
može pridonijeti zaštiti mora, jer se edukacijom i popularizacijom na jednostavan način
provodi preventiva mora, iako turizam nije glavni cilj uspostave zaštićenog područja.This thesis deals with sustainable development and the environment in the Republic of
Croatia, paying particular attention to the Sustainable Development Goals, Integrated
Coastal Zone Management and Natura 2000 sites. The example of environmentally friendly
anchoring is given to illustrate examples of good practise. The objective of this work is the
interaction between sustainable development goals and environmental protection in the
Republic of Croatia. The essence of the objective is the implementation of the Sustainable
Development Goals for the purpose of environmental protection, which will contribute to
the acceleration of globalisation. It can be said that the Republic of Croatia has an indented
coastline and it is very difficult to conduct a monitoring over the entire territory, but with all
efforts and good coordination of the relevant services, a high level of control can be
achieved. Many activities that lead to coastal degradation are excessive urbanisation and
tourism, including dredging and overbuilding of coastal areas. Croatia has been designated
the headquarters of the PAP /RAC (Priority Actions Program - Regional Activity Centre)
with the aim of implementing integral management of coastal areas in the Mediterranean,
developing tourism in harmony with environmental protection, and preparing and evaluating
environmental studies on coastal areas. In some cases, tourism can contribute to the
protection of the sea, because through education and popularisation, the protection of the sea
is easily realised, even if tourism is not the main objective of the establishment of a protected
area
Cyber-security in the Maritime Sector
No full textCilj ovog završnog rada je prikazati stanje kibernetičke sigurnosti u pomorskom sektoru, izazove s kojim se suočava, ranjivosti kibernetičkih sustava, te strategija za poboljšanje. Fokus rada je na autonomnim i pametnim pomorskim sustavima. Pri izradi rada korištene su smjernice Međunarodne pomorske organizacije (eng. International Maritime Organization, IMO), te smjernice poduzeća i udruženja specijaliziranih za kibernetičku sigurnost. Analizirani su kibernetički i drugi česti napadi, poput socijalnog inženjeringa, ''watering hole'' i DDoS napada. Također su analizirane karakteristike, ranjivosti i slučajevi napada na razne brodske sustave, među kojima su važniji navigacijski, komunikacijski i pametni sustavi. Na kraju rada su analizirani incidenti, tj. slučajevi napada na pomorski sektor, koji uključuju sve od navedenih kibernetičkih napada. Za svaki napad, tehniku manipulacije i zlonamjernu tehnologiju postoje protumjere i sigurnosne strategije. Proučavanjem ovog rada, moguće je spojiti teoriju i lekcije naučene na napadima u prošlosti, da bih se izbjegli incidenti u budućnosti i postigao što manji rizik, uz što veću kibernetičku sigurnost.The goal of this thesis is to show the state of cybersecurity in the maritime sector, the challenges it faces, the vulnerabilities of cyber systems and the strategies for improvement. The focus is on autonomous and smart maritime systems. IMO guidelines were used, along with guidelines from companies and associations specialized in cybersecurity. Cybernetic and other common attacks were analyzed, including social engineering, watering hole and DDoS attacks. Characteristics, vulnerabilities and attacks on various ship systems were also analyzed, among which navigational, communication and smart systems are more important. At the end of this thesis, incidents, that is, attack cases on the maritime sector were analyzed. The cases include all the listed cybernetic attacks. For every attack, manipulation technique and malicious technology, there are countermeasures and security strategies. By studying this thesis, it is possible to connect the theory with lessons learned on past attacks, to avoid incidents in the future and accomplish the smallest possible risk factor, with as high cybersecurity as possible
Database application in the business of charter agencies
No full textBaza podataka je organizirana skupina podataka, koja je pohranjena te joj se može pristupiti elektronski. Baza podataka omogućuju pohranu, pristup, izmjenu te analizu podataka krajnjem korisniku. U ovom radu kreiran je konceptualni model i izrađena je relacijska baza podataka charter agencije. Kreirana baza podataka omogućuje korisniku uvid u COVID potvrde zaposlenika te praćenje sustava rezervacija. Za izradu same baze podataka korišten je program Microsoft Access koji služi za rad i upravljanje bazama podataka.Database is an organized collection of data, which is stored and can be accessed electronically. Databases allow the end user to store, access, change and analyse data. In this paper, a conceptual model and a relational database of the charter agency were created. The database allows the user to view the employee's COVID certificates and monitor the reservation system. Microsoft Access program as a database management system was used to create and manage the database
Ship cybersecurity
No full textBrzi razvoj digitalne tehnologije donosi promjene u svjetskoj pomorskoj industriji. Suvremene tehnologije poput oblaka, velikih podataka, pametnih uređaja, interneta stvari i virtualne stvarnosti omogućile su e-navigaciju, pametne luke, bespilotna vođena vozila na terminalima i automatizirana plovila. S jedne strane, ove su tehnologije postale ključne i korisne u smislu učinkovitog rada, smanjenja emisije ugljika, sigurnosti i zaštite broda, posade, tereta te morskog okoliša. S druge strane, povećana digitalizacija predstavlja prijetnju od kibernetičkih napada koji mogu biti različitog tipa, od neovlaštenog pristupa podacima do zlonamjernih napada na brodske sustave i mreže. Potencijalni učinak takvih zlonamjernih radnji može imati katastrofalne posljedice za osoblje na brodu i na obali, putnike i za okoliš. U ovom radu identificirane su ranjivosti koji čine brod podložnim kibernetičkim prijetnjama. Također, iznesen je pregled najznačajnijih kibernetičkih incidenata u brodarstvu. Svrha rada je podizanje svijesti o kibernetičkim rizicima broda kao i o potrebnoj edukacije o novom obliku sigurnosne prijetnje koja zahvaća pomorsku industriju.Nowadays, the rapid development of digital technology poses changes in the face of the global maritime industry. Modern technologies such as clouds, big data, smart devices, the internet of things and virtual reality enabled e-navigations, smart ports, unmanned guided vehicles on terminals and automated vessels. On one side, these technologies have become crucial and beneficial in terms of efficient operations, reducing carbon emissions, safety and protection of a ship, crew, cargo and the marine environment. On the other, the increased digitalisation causes cyber threats which resulted different attacks, in the range from unauthorized data access to malicious attacks on shipboard systems and networks. The potential impact of such malicious actions can have significant consequences for staff on board and ashore, passengers, as well as, on the environment. In this paper the threats that make a ship vulnerable to cyber-threats were identified. Also, the overview of the most significant cyber incidents in shipping was presented. The purpose of this paper is to raise awareness of cyber risks of the ship as well as the necessity of education about a new form of security threat affecting the maritime industry