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Passenger sailing ships
No full textJedrenjaci su brodovi koji koriste energiju vjetra za pogon. Kroz većinu povijesti jedrenjak je bio najzastupljeniji tip brodova na svjetskim morima. Kako se razvijala tehnologija i znanje brodograditelja tako su i jedrenjaci napredovali u smislu svojih performansi i kvalitete. U jednom trenutku znanost je prerasla jedrenjake i počinju se razvijati parni, a kasnije i ostali motori za propulziju i jedrenjak postaje neisplativ i ispada iz upotrebe. Rezultiralo je to pojavom jedrenjaka za kružna putovanja. Takvi putnički brodovi zahtijevaju posebne IMO propise. Splitsko brodogradilište proizvodi jedne od najvećih i najljepših putničkih jedrenjaka na svijetu. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati razvitak jedrenjaka, kao i putničkih brodova, njihovu podjelu i kako je došlo do toga da su jedrenjaci skoro nestali, te ih danas koristimo isključivo kao putničke brodove. Zaključak koji možemo donijeti nakon čitanja rada bio bi da je jedrenjak od svojih skromnih početaka kroz stoljeća napredovao i dolaskom klipera doživio svoj vrhunac. Međutim, u isto to vrijeme nagli razvoj tehnologije jedrenjaka je kao glavno prijevozno sredstvo morem izguralo iz upotrebe, ali ga je zadržalo kao brand izletničkih putovanja.Sailing ships are ships that use wind energy as propulsion. Throughout most of history, a sailing ship has been the most used type of ship on the world's seas. As the technology and knowledge of shipbuilders progressed, so did the progress of sailing ships in terms of their performance and quality. But at one point, science outgrew sailing ships and steam engines began to develop, and later other propulsion engines took over their place; the sail ship became unprofitable and fell out of use. At one point, cruise ships began appearing on the market. Such passenger ships require special International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations. Split Shipyard produces one of the largest and most beautiful passenger sailing ships in the world. The aim of this paper is to show the development of sailing ships as well as passenger ships, their division, and how it came about that sailing ships almost disappeared. Today we use them exclusively as passenger ships. The conclusion we can draw after reading the paper would be that the sailing ship has progressed from its humble beginnings through the centuries and reached its peak with the arrival of the clipper. However, at the same time, the rapid development of sailing ship technology pushed it out of use as the main means of transportation by sea, but kept it as a brand of excursion travel
Interdependence of maritime passenger transport and maritime tourism
No full textU suvremenom svijetu pomorstvo i turizam usko su povezani, pri čemu turizam ima dubok i kompleksan utjecaj na pomorski putnički promet na globalnoj razini, ali također i lokalnoj razini odnosno duž Jadranskog mora, posebno u Hrvatskoj. Turizam potiče ekonomske prednosti, izaziva sezonske promjene i postavlja ekološke izazove. Upravljanje ovim odnosom zahtijeva suradnju svih dionika kako bi se osigurala održivost i zaštita prirodnih i kulturnih vrijednosti obalnih područja.
Ovaj rad istražuje kompleksan odnos između turizma i pomorskog putničkog prometa duž Jadranskog mora, s fokusom na Hrvatsku. Hrvatska obala, bogata otocima i priobaljem, predstavlja iznimno važan prirodni resurs sa značajnim ekonomskim utjecajem. Turizam igra ključnu ulogu u oblikovanju pomorskog putničkog prometa, s naglaskom na sezonski karakter. Iako turizam potiče razvoj i ekonomske koristi, također donosi izazove poput sezonalnosti, ekoloških problema i infrastrukturnih potreba. Rad analizira utjecaj turizma na potražnju za putničkim brodovima, razvoj lučke infrastrukture te nautički turizam.In the modern world, maritime activities and tourism are closely intertwined, where tourism has a profound and intricate impact on maritime passenger transportation both on a global scale and at the local level, particularly along the Adriatic Sea, notably in Croatia. While tourism stimulates economic benefits, it also triggers seasonal shifts and presents ecological challenges. Managing this relationship necessitates collaboration among all stakeholders to ensure sustainability and the preservation of natural and cultural values in coastal regions.
This paper explores the intricate interplay between tourism and maritime passenger transport along the Adriatic Sea, with a focus on Croatia. The Croatian coastline, enriched with islands and coastal areas, represents a crucial natural resource with significant economic implications. Tourism plays a pivotal role in shaping maritime passenger transport, emphasizing its seasonal nature. While tourism fosters development and economic advantages, it also brings challenges such as seasonality, ecological concerns, and infrastructure needs. The paper analyzes the influence of tourism on passenger ship demand, port infrastructure development, and nautical tourism
Ship electrical energy storage systems
No full textCilj ovog rada je predstaviti sustave za pohranu električne energije na brodovima, način njihovog korištenja te njihove mogućnosti, predstaviti izvedbe tih sustava te navesti propise i pravila koja se mora poštovati prilikom korištenja tih sustava. U tu svrhu predstavljene su različite vrste punjivih baterija (akumulatora) kao središnje komponente ovih sustava s naglaskom na akumulatore koji su prikladni uporabi na brodu, a dati su i primjeri primjene baterijskih sustava na različitim vrstama brodova. Opisani su parametri stanja i vijeka trajanja baterija, kao i trendovi razvoja baterijskih sustava, a identificirani su i rizici pri uporabi sustava za pohranu električne energije u pomorstvu.The aim of this paper is to present systems for storing electrical energy on ships, how they are used and their potential, to present the performance of these systems and to list the regulations and rules which must be followed when using these systems. For this purpose, different types of batteries are presented as central components of these systems with an emphasis on batteries that are suitable for use on board, as well as examples of the application of battery systems on different types of vessels. The parameters of condition and life cycle of the battery are described, as well as the trend sin the development of battery systems, and the risks of using electrical energy storage system in the maritime sector are also identified
Mortgage on a vessel
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu analizira se pravni aspekt hipoteke na brodu te njena važnost u pomorskom gospodarstvu. Nabrajaju se svi bitni elementi koji određuju hipoteku na brodu kao stvarno pravo na tuđoj stvari, ¸konstitutivnost upisa hipoteke u upisnik brodova, prava koja hipoteka zalaže i brisanje hipoteke na brodu. Prikazuje se povijesni razvoj hipoteke na brodu, s njenim implementiranjem u propise Republike Hrvatske. Tumači se zakonska definicija hipoteke na brodu, njena podjela kao i prostiranje hipoteke te njen konačni prestanak. U završnom dijelu rada se objašnjavaju prava hipotekarnog vjerovnika, kao i same dužnosti hipotekarnog dužnika.In this thesis, the whole analysis of the mortgage on the ship and its comprehensiveness in maritime economy. All the elements that are essential for the mortgage to remain as a real right on someone else's propety are described, to the entry in the register of ships and its constancy, the rights that the mortgage pledges, right up to its deletion and finally termination. The historical development of the ship is shown, with its implementation in the laws of the Republic of Croatia. The legal definition of the mortgage on a ship, its division as well as the extent of the mortgage and its termination itself are expired. The final part of the work describes the legalities of the mortgage, as well as the duties of the mortgage
DETERMINING NAUTICAL ANCHORAGE LOCATIONS USING MULTI - CRITERIA ANALYSIS
No full textSince moorings and anchorages for vessels have recently become an important factor in nautical tourism, selecting their future locations is a complicated and responsible process. In this doctoral dissertation, numerous criteria are analysed to determine the most favourable locations of anchorages, meeting the conditions prescribed by the recommendations but at the same time meeting the expectations of the future users, spatial planners, possible investors and concessionaires who would operate in these areas, as well as the entities that strive to preserve and protect marine life and the environment and prevent its degradation and pollution. However, since there are no precisely defined recommendations for the establishment of nautical anchorages, the procedures for determining the location of nautical anchorages may feature the general criteria that must be met. A comparative analysis of several methods of multi-criteria analysis (MCA) using a number of criteria shows that the determination of the best locations of nautical anchorages requires a specific and systematic approach and professional knowledge of several different fields, including the knowledge and expertise in the fields of spatial planning and construction, seafaring, maritime safety, maritime traffic, architecture, geodesy, shipping, biology, ecology, mathematical programming, operational research, information technology, environmental protection, as well as other expertise profiles. The best locations of nautical anchorages should be selected based on the size, number of vessels, available space, depth, distance from the coast, degree of protection of the waters, and many other limiting factors, recognising that those locations that simultaneously meet a greater number of important criteria are better. As part of the marine water area, the anchorage provides safe anchoring for vessels and is one of the links in the maritime transport infrastructure, particularly in nautical tourism. The basic purpose of anchorage comes from the definition that implies safe anchorage, which is also the basic assumption and condition without which it has no purpose. Anchorages can be divided according to their purpose, and the basic division is into nautical anchorages and anchorages for ports open to public traffic. The anchorage is a part of the water area equipped for the berthing of vessels in a bay or cove protected from the weather, so safe anchorages are mostly located in such areas. Open anchorages are located in unprotected waters and are intended for short stays of vessels. These anchorages are used for ports open to public traffic and are not equipped with commercial infrastructure. This doctoral dissertation will investigate the methods of MCA in the selection of the best locations for future concession fields of nautical anchorages. The possibility of obtaining an optimal solution in the process of selecting the locations from a group of possible ones will be explored by methods of MCA, evaluation and classification of criteria, and assignment of weight values to selected criteria. The most important criteria when applying MCA methods will refer to the criteria of the safety of navigation, hydrometeorological, spatial, economic, and environmental criteria. This approach allows for comprehensive and systematic problem-solving in order to achieve optimal solutions when determining the best future areas for nautical anchorages. The dissertation's main contribution is the proposal to optimise the decision-making process when determining the optimal locations of nautical anchorages based on the previously defined criteria.Since moorings and anchorages for vessels have recently become an important factor in nautical tourism, selecting their future locations is a complicated and responsible process. In this doctoral dissertation, numerous criteria are analysed to determine the most favourable locations of anchorages, meeting the conditions prescribed by the recommendations but at the same time meeting the expectations of the future users, spatial planners, possible investors and concessionaires who would operate in these areas, as well as the entities that strive to preserve and protect marine life and the environment and prevent its degradation and pollution. However, since there are no precisely defined recommendations for the establishment of nautical anchorages, the procedures for determining the location of nautical anchorages may feature the general criteria that must be met. A comparative analysis of several methods of multi-criteria analysis (MCA) using a number of criteria shows that the determination of the best locations of nautical anchorages requires a specific and systematic approach and professional knowledge of several different fields, including the knowledge and expertise in the fields of spatial planning and construction, seafaring, maritime safety, maritime traffic, architecture, geodesy, shipping, biology, ecology, mathematical programming, operational research, information technology, environmental protection, as well as other expertise profiles. The best locations of nautical anchorages should be selected based on the size, number of vessels, available space, depth, distance from the coast, degree of protection of the waters, and many other limiting factors, recognising that those locations that simultaneously meet a greater number of important criteria are better. As part of the marine water area, the anchorage provides safe anchoring for vessels and is one of the links in the maritime transport infrastructure, particularly in nautical tourism. The basic purpose of anchorage comes from the definition that implies safe anchorage, which is also the basic assumption and condition without which it has no purpose. Anchorages can be divided according to their purpose, and the basic division is into nautical anchorages and anchorages for ports open to public traffic. The anchorage is a part of the water area equipped for the berthing of vessels in a bay or cove protected from the weather, so safe anchorages are mostly located in such areas. Open anchorages are located in unprotected waters and are intended for short stays of vessels. These anchorages are used for ports open to public traffic and are not equipped with commercial infrastructure. This doctoral dissertation will investigate the methods of MCA in the selection of the best locations for future concession fields of nautical anchorages. The possibility of obtaining an optimal solution in the process of selecting the locations from a group of possible ones will be explored by methods of MCA, evaluation and classification of criteria, and assignment of weight values to selected criteria. The most important criteria when applying MCA methods will refer to the criteria of the safety of navigation, hydrometeorological, spatial, economic, and environmental criteria. This approach allows for comprehensive and systematic problem-solving in order to achieve optimal solutions when determining the best future areas for nautical anchorages. The dissertation's main contribution is the proposal to optimise the decision-making process when determining the optimal locations of nautical anchorages based on the previously defined criteria
COVID-19 pandemics and its impact on the global shipping market
No full textKriza svjetskog brodarstva u uvjetima pandemije Covid-19 obrađena je kroz indikatore krize, odgovore na krizu i trendove i iskustva nakon krize. Naglašena je kompleksnost i uzročno-posljedična povezanost socioekonomskih odnosa. Uloga ljudskih potencijala pokazala se ključnom u prevladavanju krize. U izradi su korišteni najnoviji podaci iz stručne literature i drugih publikacija.In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, the global shipping crisis is described through crisis indicators, responses and adjustments, and post-crisis trends and experiences. The complexity and cause-and-effect relationship of socio-economic relations are emphasized. The role of human resources has proven to be crucial in overcoming the crisis. The latest data of professional literature and other publications are used in the preparation
Prevention of Sea Pollution by Oils and Exhaust Gases
No full textCilj ovog završnog rada je istražiti i steći uvid u pitanje onečišćenja okoliša koje uzrokuju brodovi, posebno usredotočujući se na onečišćenja uljima i ispušnim plinovima. S obzirom na znatan broj brodova koji plove svjetskim morima, zabrinutosti oko onečišćenja eskalirale su, što je dovelo do uspostave brojnih pravnih okvira i zakona koji upravljaju pomorskim prometom. U ovom radu se spominje konvencija MARPOL 73/78 (eng. Maritime Pollution) kao ključni pravni dokument koji regulira onečišćenje mora i morskog okoliša. Poseban naglasak stavlja se na opis tehnika za smanjenje i sprječavanje štetnih emisija ispušnih plinova i tehnikama uklanjanja uljnih oštećenja mora.The aim of this paper is to investigate and gain insight into the issue of environmental pollution caused by ships, especially focusing on oil and exhaust gas pollution. Given the significant number of ships plying the world's seas, concerns about pollution have escalated, leading to the establishment of numerous legal frameworks and laws governing maritime traffic. This paper mentions the MARPOL 73/78 convention (Maritime Pollution) as a key legal document that regulates the pollution of the sea and the marine environment. Special emphasis is placed on the description of techniques for reducing and preventing harmful emissions of exhaust gases and techniques for removing oil damage to the sea
Aspects of sustainable development in the blue economy
No full textCilj ovog rada je prikazati aspekte održivog razvoja u plavoj ekonomiji te se upoznati s ostalim pojmovima koji direktno utječu na unapređenje i poboljšanje plave ekonomije. Ekonomski aspekt istražuje doprinos morskih resursa ekonomskom rastu i razvoju. Ekološki aspekt potiče na očuvanje mora i oceana i biološke raznolikosti. Sociokulturni aspekt analizira učinke plave ekonomije na lokalne zajednice i kulturu. Poseban je naglasak stavljen na plavu ekonomiju koja predstavlja ključni element održivog razvoja u suvremenom svijetu, spajajući iskorištavanje morskih resursa s ekološkom odgovornošću. Različiti segmenti plave ekonomije, kao što su obnovljiva energija, turizam, ribarstvo, pomorski promet, klimatske promjene i upravljanje otpadom, istražuju se kako bi se razumjelo njihov doprinos održivom razvoju. Izazovi plave ekonomije također su naglašeni, zajedno s razmatranjem načina kako se ti izazovi mogu prevladati. Plavi rast i njegova strategija odnose se na sveukupni ekonomski rast i ciljevima za sve veći napredak. Održivi razvoj u plavoj ekonomiji treba biti temelj za našu budućnost i pružiti nam održivu opskrbu hranom, vodom i energijom, uz istovremeno smanjenje siromaštva i nezaposlenosti. Nastavak ulaganja u održive prakse i tehnologije te pružanje potrebne financijske podrške ključni su koraci prema ostvarenju ovih ciljeva.The aim of this master thesis is to present the aspects of sustainable development in the blue economy and to deal with other concepts that directly affect the promotion and improvement of the blue economy. The economic aspect explores the contribution of marine resources to economic growth and development. The ecological aspect encourages the preservation of seas and oceans and biological diversity. The socio-cultural aspect analyzes the effects of the blue economy on local communities and culture. Special emphasis is placed on the blue economy, which represents a critical element of sustainable development in the modern world, combining exploiting marine resources with environmental responsibility. Different segments of the blue economy, such as renewable energy, tourism, fisheries, maritime transport, climate change, and waste management, are explored to understand their
contribution to sustainable development. The challenges of the blue economy are also highlighted, along with considering how these challenges can be overcome. Blue growth and its strategy refer to overall economic growth and goals for ever-increasing progress.
Sustainable development in the blue economy should be the basis for our future and provide us with a sustainable supply of food, water and energy while reducing poverty and unemployment. Continuing to invest in sustainable practices and technologies and providing the necessary financial support are key steps towards achieving these goals
Unska railway as a precondition for the economic development of central Dalmatian ports
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu provodi se analiza ključnih čimbenika konkurentnosti Unske željezničke pruge, kao najkraće udaljenosti u prijevozu tereta i putnika između sjevera i juga Hrvatske, uslijed pretpostavljene obnove i modernizacije iste. Uzimajući u obzir ključnu ulogu željeznice u distribuciji tereta cjelokupnog logističkog lanca, a posebice u morskim lukama, neophodno je ispitati performanse pojedinačnih željezničkih pruga u svrhu optimizacije troškova i povećanja prometa. Upravo se problematika poslovanja srednjodalmatinskih luka, Split, Zadar i Šibenik, reflektira u neadekvatnom stanju postojeće željezničke mreže, odnosno željezničkih pruga koje su inaktivne (Unska pruga) ili nezadovoljavajuće (Lička pruga), čime se značajno povećavaju troškovi prijevoza i narušava rentabilnost poslovanja, ograničava lučko zaleđe i onemogućava afirmacija te perspektiva razvoja morskih luka sukladno dostupnoj resursnoj osnovi. Shodno navedenom, cilj istraživanja je utvrditi konkurentnost Unske pruge u komparaciji s odabranim željezničkim pravcima, pretpostavljajući planiranu revitalizaciju koja podrazumijeva elektrifikaciju Unske pruge, te ispitati efekte obnove i modernizacije na promet srednjodalmatinskih luka. Metodom proračuna troškova prijevoza (goriva) i udaljenosti izvršena je analiza konkurentnosti Unske pruge naspram odabranih željezničkih pruga, a projekcijom distribucije raspoloživog tereta potencijalno povećanje prometa luka Split, Zadar i Šibenik uslijed provedenih investicija. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na značajno smanjenje troškova prijevoza (goriva) uslijed elektrifikacije, te analogno kombiniranih investicija u elektrifikaciju i obnovu Unske pruge u usporedbi s promatranim željezničkim pravcima, a koji pozitivno utječu na povećanje prometa u srednjodalmatinskim lukama. Revitalizacija Unske pruge ukazuje na potencijale otvaranja novih tržišta, odnosno povećanju konkurentnosti morskih luka, jačanje gospodarstva Republike Hrvatske, te brojne ekonomske, socijalne i ekološke korisnosti.In this thesis, an analysis of the key factors for the competitiveness of the Una railway as the shortest route in the transport of goods and passengers between the north and the south of Croatia is carried out, as a result of the assumed renovation and modernization. Considering the key role of railroads in the distribution of goods in the entire logistics chain and especially in seaports, it is necessary to study the performance of individual railroads in order to optimize costs and increase traffic. The very problem of the operation of the Central Dalmatian ports of Split, Zadar and Šibenik is reflected in the insufficient condition of the existing railroad network, i.e. inactive (Unska railroad) or unsatisfactory (Lička railroad) railroad lines, which significantly increases transport costs and affects the profitability of terminal operators, limits the port hinterland and also prevents the affirmation and perspective of the development of seaports in accordance with the available resource base. Accordingly, the objective of the study is to determine the competitiveness of the Una railway in comparison with selected railway lines in Croatia, under the assumption of planned revitalization, which includes the electrification of the Una railway, and to study the impact of renovation and modernization on the traffic of the Central Dalmatian ports. Using the method of calculation of transport costs (primarily fuel costs) and distance, an analysis of the competitiveness of the Una railway in comparison with selected railroad lines was carried out, along with the projection of the distribution of available freight manifested as a potential increase in the traffic of the ports of Split, Zadar and Šibenik due to the investments made. The results of the study indicate a significant reduction in transport costs (fuel) due to electrification and, analogously, combined investments in electrification and renovation of the Una railway, compared to the observed railroad lines, which have a positive impact on the increase in traffic in the Central Dalmatian ports. The revitalization of the Una railroad indicates the potential to open new markets, i.e. increase the competitiveness of seaports, strengthen the economy of the Republic of Croatia and achieve numerous economic, social and environmental benefits
Propulsion systems of LNG ships
No full textOvaj diplomski rad analizira i uspoređuje energetsku učinkovitost pogonskih sustava na LNG brodovima. Analizirani sustavi pogona su: parnotrubinsko postrojenje, postrojenje s dvotaktnim sporookretnim motorima i sustavom za ponovno ukapljivanje plina, elektropropulzija s Wärtsilä generatorima na dvojno gorivo, elektropropulzija s MAN generatorima na dvojno gorivo, elektropropulzija Wärtsilä generatorima na dvojno gorivo i azipod propulzijom, postrojenje s dvotaktnim ME-GI motorima na dvojno gorivo – visokotlačni plin i postrojenje s dvotaktnim X-DF motorima na dvojno gorivo – niskotlačni plin. Za svaki od ovih pogona izračunata je termička energetska učinkovitost te proračunski indeks energetske učinkovitosti (EEDI – Energy Efficiency Design Index), odnosno indeks energetske učinkovitosti postojećih brodova (EEXI – Energy Efficiency Existing ships Index). Proučen je i novi ME-GA motor tvrtke MAN i dane su osnovne značajke motora na amonijak koji bi mogao biti budući odabir pogona za LNG brodove.This master's thesis analyzes and compares the energy efficiency of propulsion systems on LNG ships. The analyzed propulsion systems include: steam turbine plant, two-stroke slow-speed engine plant with gas reliquefaction system, electric propulsion with Wärtsilä dual-fuel generators, electric propulsion with MAN dual-fuel generators, electric propulsion with Wärtsilä dual-fuel generators and Azipod propulsion, plant with two-stroke dual-fuel ME-GI engines with high pressure gas injection and plant with two-stroke dual-fuel X-DF engines with low-pressure gas admission. Thermal energy efficiency, along with energy efficiency indexes – EEDI and EEXI has been calculated for each of these propulsion systems. Additionally, the thesis examines the new ME-GA engine by MAN and provides basic features of an ammonia-powered engine, which could be a potential future propulsion choice for LNG ships