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Elevator control system design
No full textCilj ovog rada je projektiranje i realizacija upravljačkog sklopa dizala. Korištenje
dizala je neophodno kako u pomorstvu i na brodovima tako i u svakodnevnom životu i
industriji. Na brodovima njihova primjena je raznolika i ovisi o vrsti broda. U ovom radu su
projektirana i realizirana dva načina upravljanja dizalom, relejno upravljani i sustavu
upravljan pomoću programibilnog logičkog kontrolera (PLC-a). Relejno upravljani sklop
fizički je realiziran i testiran u laboratoriju, dok je sustav upravljan PLC-om realiziran na
računalu. Sve komponente korištene za realizaciju relejno upravljanog sklopa opisane su u
radu, kao i dijelovi od kojih se sastoji PLC. Prednosti i mane korištenja svakog od ova dva
sklopa su analizirane na osnovu čega je donesen i zaključak.The aim of this thesis is to design and implement a control system for an elevator.
The use of elevators is essential both in maritime settings and on ships, as well as in everyday
life and industry. On ships, their application varies and depends on the type of vessel. In this
work, two methods of elevator control are used: relay-based control and a system controlled
by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The relay-based control system was physically
implemented and tested in the laboratory, while the PLC-controlled system was
implemented on a computer. All components used for the realization of the relay-based
control system are described in the work, as well as the parts that make up the PLC unit. The
advantages and disadvantages of using each of these two systems are analyzed, upon which
a conclusion is drawn
Analysis of Croatian Integrated Maritime Information System
No full textOvaj rad analizira Hrvatski integrirani pomorski informacijski sustav (CIMIS), s fokusom na njegovu praktičnu primjenu u upravljanju pomorskim prometom, sigurnosti plovidbe i zaštiti morskog okoliša. CIMIS, koji djeluje pod nadležnošću Ministarstva mora, prometa i infrastrukture, predstavlja jedinstveno nacionalno digitalno sučelje koje omogućuje strukturirano i koordinirano prikupljanje, obradu i razmjenu podataka među različitim institucijama, uključujući lučke kapetanije, brodare, carinske i policijske službe. Sustav pokriva brojne funkcionalnosti – od elektroničke evidencije dolazaka i odlazaka brodova, do provjere valjanosti dozvola i osiguranja, razmjene podataka s međunarodnim sustavima te pohrane dokumenata, čime znatno doprinosi modernizaciji i digitalizaciji pomorskog sektora. Ipak, rezultati istraživanja provedenog u okviru ovog rada ukazuju na niz ograničenja u primjeni sustava u praksi. Posebno je izražena percepcija CIMIS-a kao isključivo administrativnog alata, što dovodi do njegovog ograničenog korištenja u sigurnosnim i ekološkim kontekstima. Uočena je i značajna nejasnoća među korisnicima kada je riječ o odgovornostima za unos podataka o sigurnosnim incidentima i gospodarenju otpadom, što može uzrokovati operativne praznine i smanjiti učinkovitost odgovora u kriznim situacijama. Dodatni izazovi uključuju slabu integraciju CIMIS-a s drugim digitalnim sigurnosnim sustavima (poput AIS, VMS i SAR), nedovoljnu razinu edukacije krajnjih korisnika te potrebu za poboljšanjem dizajna korisničkog sučelja. Na temelju ovih nalaza, rad ističe potrebu za sveobuhvatnim unaprjeđenjem sustava kroz tehničke nadogradnje, regulatorna pojašnjenja, razvoj modularnih programa edukacije i redizajn funkcionalnog prikaza sigurnosnih modula unutar CIMIS-a. Cilj takvih promjena je da sustav, uz administrativnu učinkovitost, postane i integrirani alat za proaktivno upravljanje sigurnošću plovidbe i zaštitom morskog okoliša, čime bi dao snažniji doprinos održivosti i otpornosti hrvatskog pomorskog sektora u digitalnom dobu.This paper analyses the Croatian Integrated Maritime Information System (CIMIS), with a focus on its practical application in maritime traffic management, navigation safety and marine environmental protection. CIMIS, which operates under the authority of the Ministry of the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure, represents a single national digital interface that enables structured and coordinated collection, processing and exchange of data between different institutions, including port authorities, shipping companies, customs and police services. The system covers numerous functionalities – from electronic records of ship arrivals and departures, to checking the validity of permits and insurance, data exchange with international systems and document storage, thereby significantly contributing to the modernization and digitalization of the maritime sector. However, the results of the research conducted within the framework of this paper indicate a number of limitations in the application of the system in practice. In particular, the perception of CIMIS as an exclusively administrative tool is expressed, which leads to its limited use in security and environmental contexts. There is also significant confusion among users regarding responsibilities for entering data on safety incidents and waste management, which can cause operational gaps and reduce the effectiveness of crisis response. Additional challenges include poor integration of CIMIS with other digital safety systems (such as AIS, VMS and SAR), insufficient level of end-user education and the need to improve the user interface design. Based on these findings, the paper highlights the need for comprehensive system improvements through technical upgrades, regulatory clarifications, development of modular training programs and redesign of the functional representation of safety modules within CIMIS. The aim of such changes is for the system to become, in addition to administrative efficiency, an integrated tool for proactive management of navigation safety and marine environmental protection, thereby making a stronger contribution to the sustainability and resilience of the Croatian maritime sector in the digital age
Block Chain in maritime supply chain
No full textBlockchain tehnologija je moderna i inovativna tehnologija koja je dobila naziv po blokovima podataka koji predstavljaju srž ove tehnologije. Ova tehnologija povezuje blokove podataka temeljene na vremenskoj sekvenci, da bi se formirala lančana struktura podataka, što objašnjava naziv blockchaina, tj. ulančanih blokova. Osim blokova podataka, ova tehnologija se bazira na P2P sustavima i mrežama, tj. ravnopravnim članovima ili čvorovima unutar sustava ili mreža.
Ova tehnologija je isprva postala popularna kao alat za trgovanje kriptovalutama, ali se razvila u platformu za pružanje pouzdanih usluga. Neke od poznatijih primjena su upravljanje vlasništvom te stvaranje ili prijenos digitalnih fiat valuta, kriptovaluta, digitalne imovine, usluge povezane s digitalnim identitetom, notarske usluge, revizijske usluge, porezne usluge, upravljanje procesom glasanja, upravljanje raznom dokumentacijom itd.
Pomorski lanci opskrbe su također veoma kompleksni u današnje vrijeme te se suočavaju s mnogim izazovima. Blockchain tehnologija nudi rješenje za neke od tih izazova. Radi digitalne, transparentne i sljedive prirode ove tehnologije, ona se može iskoristiti za npr. bolje upravljanje teretom kako bi bilo manje praznih pošiljki, praćenje i provjeru kontejnera te praćenje, snimanje i mjerenje raznih podataka kako bi se npr. poboljšala ekološka održivost pomoću praćenja ispuštanja otpada s brodova.
Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je detaljna obrada blockchain tehnologije i pomorskih lanaca opskrbe, uz analizu prednosti, nedostataka i primjera primjene blockchain tehnologije u pomorskim lancima opskrbe. Napravljen je pregled literature o načinima korištenja blockchain tehnologije i primjene unutar pomorskih lanaca opskrbe. Zaključeno je da primjena blockchain tehnologije u pomorskih lancima opskrbe predstavlja težak i kompleksan zadatak te da bi se puni potencijal ove tehnologije realizirao, potrebno je razriješiti razne tehničke i netehničke izazove. Nadalje, neke primjene ove tehnologije se uspješno koriste te donose značajan napredak pomorskoj industriji, koji je u skladu s zahtjevima današnjeg vremena koje industrija mora ispuniti.Blockchain technology is a modern and innovative technology that takes its name from the data blocks that form the core of this technology. This technology links data blocks based on a temporal sequence to form a chain structure of data, which explains the name blockchain, i.e. chained blocks. In addition to data blocks, this technology is based on P2P systems and networks, i.e. peer members or nodes within systems or networks.
This technology initially became popular as a tool for trading cryptocurrencies, but has evolved into a platform for providing reliable services. Some of the most prominent applications are property management and the creation or transfer of digital fiat currencies, cryptocurrencies, digital assets, digital identity services, notary services, auditing services, tax services, voting process management, document management, etc.
Maritime supply chains are also very complex today and face many challenges. Blockchain technology offers a solution to some of these challenges. Due to the digital, transparent and traceable nature of this technology, it can be used, for example, for better cargo management to reduce empty shipments, to track and control containers and to track, record and measure various data, for example, to improve environmental sustainability by monitoring waste from ships.
The aim of this thesis is to provide a detailed treatment of blockchain technology and maritime supply chains with an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages as well as examples of the application of blockchain technology in maritime supply chains. A literature review was conducted on the possibilities of using blockchain technology and its application in maritime supply chains. It was found that the application of blockchain technology in maritime supply chains is a difficult and complex task. To realize the full potential of this technology, various technical and non-technical challenges need to be solved. In addition, some applications of this technology are being used successfully and are bringing significant progress to the maritime industry, which is in line with the demands of today's times that the industry must meet
Analysis of accidents od non-SOLAS vessels
No full textPomorski promet je u stalnom porastu. Osobito se to odnosi na segment nacionalne plovidbe, u kojoj najviše sudjeluju brodovi na koje se ne primjenjuju međunarodni propisi, kao što je SOLAS konvencija. Zbog razvoja turizma povećava se broj manjih plovila za razonodu. Većina tih plovila koristi se sezonski. Iz tog razloga, pomorski promet značajno raste tijekom ljetnih mjeseci, a s tim porastom proporcionalno raste i broj pomorskih nesreća. Uzroci i razlozi pomorskih nesreća koje uključuju non-SOLAS plovila mogu se znatno razlikovati od onih koje uključuju SOLAS plovila. Ti uzroci i razlozi mogu se kretati od strukturnih i tehničkih do tehnoloških aspekata, no najčešće su povezani s ljudskim čimbenikom, s obzirom na to da relativno velik broj non-SOLAS plovila ne upravljaju profesionalni pomorci.
U ovom radu analiziraju se uzroci pomorskih nesreća non-SOLAS plovila na području Europske unije (EU) i u području Ekskluzivne europske zone (EEZ) u razdoblju od 2015. do 2019. godine. U tu svrhu analizirani su službeni podaci iz Europske baze podataka o pomorskim nesrećama (engl. European Marine Casualty Information Platform - EMCIP), Ureda za istragu pomorskih nesreća u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu (engl. Marine Accident Investigation Branch - MAIB) te Agencije za istraživanje nesreća u zračnom, pomorskom i željezničkom prometu (AIN). Usporedbom istih vrsta pomorskih nesreća u različitim područjima identificirani su povezani uzroci i karakteristični obrasci tih nesreća te su predložene preporuke za povećanje razine sigurnosti plovidbe non-SOLAS plovila.Maritime transport is constantly increasing. This particularly applies to the segment of national navigation, which is mostly occupied by ships that are not subject to international regulations, such as the SOLAS Convention. Due to the development of tourism, the number of smaller recreational crafts is increasing. Most of these vessels are used seasonally. For this reason, maritime traffic increases significantly during the summer months, and in comparison, to this increase, the number of maritime accidents also increases. The causes and reasons of maritime accidents involving non-SOLAS vessels may differ significantly from accidents involving SOLAS vessels. These causes and reasons can range from structural and engineering to technological aspects, usually related to the human factor, since a relatively large number of non-SOLAS vessels are not operated by professional seafarers.
In this paper, causes of maritime accidents on non-SOLAS vessels in European Union (EU) and in the area of the Exclusive economic zone (EEZ) in the period from 2015 to 2019 are analysed. For this purpose, official data from the European Maritime Casualty Platform (EMCIP), the Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB) and the Air, Maritime and Railway Traffic Accidents Investigation Agency (AIN) are analysed. By comparing the same types of maritime accidents in different areas, the related causes and characteristic patterns of these accidents are identified and recommendations for increasing the level of navigation safety of non-SOLAS vessels are proposed
Analysis of ergonomic problems in ship control
No full textErgonomija navigacijskog mosta direktno utječe na kvalitetu i sigurnost obavljanja
navigacijske straže te samu sigurnost prilikom manevriranja broda. Kvalitetnom
ergonomskom izvedbom smanjuje se mogućnost ljudske pogreške. Želja za povećanjem
sigurnosti plovidbe dovela je do povećanja broja senzora, a samim time i količine alarma
izravno vezanih uz plovidbu broda. Optimalna ergonomija podrazumijeva optimalan omjer
alarma koji će časnika na straži upozoriti na navigacijsku opasnost, a u isto vrijeme mu neće
stvoriti distrakcije od osnovne zadaće – sigurnog upravljanja brodom. Ergonomija
predstavlja granu znanosti koja proučava interakciju čovjeka i radne okoline, te ćemo se
koristiti njenim zaključcima u pisanju ovoga rada. Osnovni zadatak ovoga rada je
komparirati ergonomski razvoj navigacijskog mosta kroz različite generacije brodova za
kružna putovanja, gdje ću koristiti vlastito iskustvo s broda te finalizirati rad sa savjetima
kako poboljšati sami dizajn broda da bi se istovremeno podigla sigurnost navigacije i
olakšala upotreba krajnjem korisniku – pomorcu.Ergonomics of the navigational bridge affects directly quality and safety of the
watchkeeping and ship's safety during docking and undocking. Human error is reduced with
proper ergonomics setup. Effort to improve safety of navigation led to increase of the number
of sensors therefore increased the number of alarms directly connected with navigation itself.
Optimum ergonomics consists of adequate number of alarms that will alert watchkeeper but
not too many to affect distraction from the main task – safety of navigation itself.
Ergonomics is a branch of science that deals with interactions of human and working
environment and we are going to use its principles designing this thesis. Main task of this
thesis is to compare ergonomic development of the navigational bridge through different
generations of the cruise ship using the first hand experience and to determine improvement
proposals on ship's design to improve safety of navigation and to make it more user friendly
to the final user – seafarer
RBD method of failure analysis
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu je na primjeru elektrohidrauličkog kormilarskog sustava jednog tipa LNG tankera prikazana primjena blok dijagram pouzdanosti (engl. Reliability Block Diagram; kratica: RBD) kao jedne od najčešće korištenih standardnih tehnika analize kvarova radi procjene pouzdanosti složenih tehničkih sustava. Ova tehnika modeliranja kvarova primijenjena uz provođenje kvalitativne analize sustava s ciljem stjecanja znanja o načinu njegovog rada, mogućim kvarovima i posljedicama tih kvarova, posebno za mod rada u luci i u plovidbi. Time su dobivena dva različita strukturna RBD modela pomoću kojih su se dobili matematički modeli za procjenu pouzdanosti. Učestalosti kvara svakoj komponenti modela dodijeljene su na osnovu podataka iz literature. Dobiveni rezultati su uspoređeni preko odabrane mjere pouzdanosti, a koje su se sagledale s obzirom na primijenjene intervale planiranog sustava održavanja na brodu.In this thesis, the application of the Reliability Block Diagram (RBD) is demonstrated using the example of an electrohydraulic steering system of a specific type of LNG tanker. RBD is one of the most commonly used standard techniques for failure analysis, aimed at assessing the reliability of complex technical systems. This failure modeling technique was applied alongside a qualitative system analysis to gain insight into its operation, potential failures, and the consequences of those failures, specifically for operating modes in port and at sea. As a result, two different structural RBD models were developed, which were then used to derive mathematical models for reliability assessment. Failure rates for each component in the model were assigned based on data from the literature. The obtained results were compared using selected reliability measures, considering the applied intervals of the planned maintenance system on the ship
Best practices for achievling sustainable development goals
No full textOvaj rad istražuje primjenu dobrih praksi u pomorskom prometu u cilju ostvarenja ciljeva održivog razvoja. Pomorski sektor, kao ključna komponenta globalne trgovine, suočava se s izazovima povezanima s okolišnom, gospodarskom i društvenom održivošću. Istraživanje se temelji na analizi postojećih regulativa, tehnoloških inovacija i društvenih inicijativa koje doprinose smanjenju negativnog utjecaja pomorskog prijevoza. U ekološkom kontekstu, posebna pažnja posvećena je smanjenju emisija putem regulative IMO 2020, korištenju alternativnih goriva, električnih brodova i sustava za upravljanje balastnim vodama. Gospodarska održivost analizirana je kroz digitalizaciju, optimizaciju operacija i uvođenje pametnih logističkih rješenja. Društvena održivost obuhvaća poboljšanje radnih uvjeta pomoraca, indeks sreće pomoraca, veći udio žena u sektoru i razvoj telemedicine. Rezultati istraživanja potvrđuju da implementacija održivih tehnologija i strategija značajno doprinosi postizanju ciljeva održivog razvoja (engl. Sustainable Development Goals – SDG), smanjenju ekološkog otiska industrije te povećanju njezine konkurentnosti i otpornosti. Zaključeno je da je daljnji napredak moguć kroz intenzivniju suradnju svih dionika te uz dodatna istraživanja o gospodarskim učincima zelenih tehnologija i prilagodbi zakonodavnih okvira.This thesis explores the application of best practices in maritime prijevoz to achieve sustainable development goals. As a crucial component of global trade, the maritime sector faces challenges related to environmental, economic, and social sustainability. The research is based on an analysis of existing regulations, technological innovations, and social initiatives that contribute to reducing the negative impact of maritime prijevoz. In the
environmental context, particular attention is given to emission reduction through the "IMO 2020" regulation, the use of alternative fuels, electric ships, and ballast water management systems. Economic sustainability is analyzed through digitalization, operational optimization, and the introduction of smart logistics solutions. Social sustainability encompasses the improvement of seafarers' working conditions, the Seafarers' Happiness Index, increased female representation in the sector, and the development of telemedicine. The research findings confirm that the implementation of sustainable technologies and strategies significantly contributes to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), reducing the industry's environmental footprint, and increasing its competitiveness and resilience. It is concluded that further progress is possible through stronger cooperation among stakeholders and additional research into the economic effects of green technologies and legislative adaptations
Analysis of Reception Capacities from Point of View of Maritime Safety: Case of Korčula - Polačište Port
No full textU radu je provedena analiza prihvatnih kapaciteta buduće luke Polačište na otoku Korčuli. Preopterećenje centra grada i smanjeni kapacitet luke Korčula doveo je do potrebe za proširenjem lučkih kapaciteta. Luka Polačište je smještena sa sjeverne strane otoka, strateški je dobro pozicionirana i olakšat će povezanost između otoka i kopna (Pelješca). Izgradnjom prilaznih prometnica na Korčuli i Pelješcu dodatno će se rasteretiti centralni dijelovi grada i poboljšati sigurnost i zadovoljstvo stanovništva. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati i pojasniti načine kojima će se osigurati bolja povezanost otoka Korčule s kopnom i drugim otocima, povećati maritimna sigurnost i u konačnici povećati kvaliteta života otočana. Na temelju rezultata dobivenih analizom dostupnih podataka i postavljenih pretpostavki te simulacijom, prikazani su prihvatni kapaciteti u odnosu prema maritimnim uvjetima. Zaključak je da se nakon izgradnje luke Polačište očekuje povećanje kapaciteta za otprilike 15-20%.The study analyzed the reception capacities of the future port of Polačište on the island of Korčula. Overcrowding of the city centre and reduced capacity of the Port of Korčula led to the need to expand port capacities. The port of Polačište is located on the northern side of the island, is strategically well positioned and will facilitate the connection between the island and the mainland (Pelješac). The construction of access roads on Korčula and Pelješac
will further relieve the central parts of the city and improve the safety and satisfaction of the population. The aim of this paper is to show and explain the ways to ensure better connectivity of the island of Korčula with the mainland and other islands, increase maritime safety and ultimately increase the quality of life of the islanders. Based on the results obtained from the analysis of available data and set assumptions and simulation, the receiving capacities in relation to maritime conditions are presented. The conclusion is that after the Polačište port is constructed, an increase in capacity of approximately 15-20% is expected
Modern legal framework of concessions in nautical tourism
No full textNautički turizam je jedna od najunosnijih grana turističkog poslovanja u Republici Hrvatskoj te se već godinama postupno razvija kao jedna od vodećih gospodarskih grana od posebnog državnog značaja. S obzirom da su koncesije na pomorskom dobru preduvjet funkcioniranja luka nautičkog turizma potrebno je odrediti i utvrditi pravne aspekte podnošenja zahtjeva za koncesiju za gospodarsko korištenje luka nautičkog turizma na određen vremenski rok te navesti i objasniti postupak dobivanja koncesije, njeno trajanje, prenošenje i opoziv, oduzimanje i prestanak te zalog. Koncesija je pravo koje se stječe na temelju ugovora o koncesiji, a suvremeni pravni okvir koji regulira koncesije na pomorskom dobru prvenstveno se temelji na novom Zakonu o pomorskom dobru i morskim lukama iz 2023. te podzakonskim propisima donesenim temeljem njega. U radu se detaljno obrađuju svi relevantni propisi te doseg njihovih odredbi u pravnom reguliranju dodjele koncesija u svrhu gospodarskog korištenja luka nautičkog turizma.Nautical tourism is one of the most profitable branches of tourism business in the Republic of Croatia and has been gradually developing for years as one of the leading economic sectors of special national importance. Given that concessions on maritime property are a prerequisite for the functioning of nautical tourism ports, it is necessary to determine and establish the legal aspects of submitting an application for a concession for the economic use of nautical tourism ports for a certain period of time and to state and explain the procedure for obtaining a concession, its duration, transfer and revocation, seizure and termination, and pledge. A concession is a right acquired on the basis of a concession contract, and the modern legal framework regulating concessions on maritime property is primarily based on the new Maritime Property and Seaports Act of 2023 and the subordinate legislation adopted on its basis. The paper examines in detail all relevant regulations and the scope of their provisions in the legal regulation of the granting of concessions for the purpose of the economic use of nautical tourism ports
Impact o war in Ukraine on world maritime market
No full textRuska agresija na Ukrajinu izazvala je veliki šok za svijet i posljedice koje su duboko utjecale na različite sektore poslovanja svjetske trgovine, uključujući pomorsko tržište. Pomorsko tržište jedno je od najopsežnijih svjetskih tržišta te svaka promjena, a posebice geopolitička, ima utjecaj na njegovo djelovanje. Za razumijevanje promjena bitno je adekvatno sagledati i obuhvatiti sve aspekte koji na njih utječu. Energetska kriza i porast cijena osnovnih životnih potrepština direktno je izazvana ratom, a pomorski prijevoz igrao je veliku ulogu u tome. Globalizacija koja je donijela brojne prednosti povezivanjem svijeta u jedno veliko tržište sada je pokazala svoju negativnu stranu. Zatvaranje ključnih morskih luka i ruta izazvalo je velike promjene u lancima opskrbe, prisiljavajući brodare da traže alternativne rute i izvore robe i sirovina, no ujedno je dovelo do novih prilika za brodarske tvrtke.Russia's aggression against Ukraine has caused a major shock to the world and consequences that have profoundly affected various business sectors of global trade, including the maritime market. The maritime market is one of the most extensive markets in the world and every change, especially a geopolitical one, has an impact on its operation. To understand change, it is important to adequately look at and include all aspects that affect them. The energy crisis and the increase in the prices of basic necessities of life were directly caused by the war, and maritime transport played a big role in this. Globalization, which has brought many benefits by connecting the world into one big market, has now shown its negative side. The closure of key seaports and routes has caused major changes in supply chains, forcing shipping companies to look for alternative routes and sources of goods and raw materials, but it has also led to new opportunities for shipping companies