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Analysis of pharmacotherapy and the characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes who had consultations with a diabetologist via telemedicine
No full textCiljevi: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanjaje analizirati obilježja i terapiju bolesnika sa šećernom bolestikojisupreglede dijabetologa obavljaliputem telemedicine. Ispitanici i postupci: U istraživanje je uključeno 98 ispitanika s dijagnozom šećerne bolesti tipa 2 koji su preglede dijabetologa obavljali putem telemedicine. Svi podatci prikupljeni su uvidom u medicinsku dokumentaciju kroz bolnički informatički sustav. Prikupljeni podatci uključuju informacije o spolu, dobi, indeksu tjelesne mase, HbA1c, dislipidemiji, komplikacijama šećerne bolesti i terapiji. Rezultati: Najveći udio ispitanika sa šećernom bolesti tipa 2 koji su preglede dijabetologa obavljali putem telemedicine bio je pretio(44%) i s prekomjernom tjelesnom masom (37%) uzvrijednost HbA1c većomod 6,4%,(87,7%). Nije pronađena statistički značajna povezanost između vrijednosti HbA1c i ITM-e (P=0,721). Najzastupljenije komplikacije šećerne bolesti u ispitanika bile su kardiovaskularne komplikacije (86,7%), dislipidemija je bila zastupljena u 69,4%, a kronična bubrežna bolest u 16,3% ispitanika. Nije dokazana statistički značajna razlika između muškaraca i žena u zastupljenosti dislipidemije (P=0,371),kardiovaskularnih komplikacija (P=0,634) i nefropatije (P=0,527). Najveći udio ispitanika liječen je metforminom (66,3%), potom SGLT-2 inhibitorima (46,9%), DPP-4 inhibitorima (29,6%), derivatima sulfonilureje (28,6%), inzulinskom terapijom (27,6%) i GLP-1 receptor agonistima (17,3%). Pronađena je pozitivnastatistička značajna korelacijaizmeđu vrijednosti HbA1ci broja lijekova koje ispitanici uzimaju (ρ=0,315, P=0,002). Značajno veće vrijednosti HbA1c imala je skupina ispitanika koji su bili na inzulinskoj terapiji (P<0,001) i terapiji derivatima sulfonilureje (P<0,001) u odnosu na skupinu ispitanika kojite lijekovenisu uzimali. Zaključci: Najveći udio bolesnika sa šećernom bolesti tipa 2 koji preglede dijabetologa obavljajuputem telemedicine imaju goruregulaciju glikemije, prekomjernu tjelesnu težinu i pretilost i kardiovaskularne komplikacije. Metformin je najčešća terapija, a broj lijekova u terapiji šećerne bolesti značajno pozitivno korelira s vrijednostima HbA1c. Vrijednost HbA1c značajno je veća u bolesnika koji su liječeni inzulinom i derivatima sulfonilureje u odnosu na bolesnike koji nisu liječeni inzulinom i derivatima sulfonilureje.Aims and Objectives: The main aim of this study is to analyse the characteristics and treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent diabetologist consultations via telemedicine. Subjects and Methods: The study included 98 subjects diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who received diabetologist consultations through telemedicine. All data were collected by reviewing medical records through the hospital information system. The collected data included information on sex, age, body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, dyslipidemia, diabetes-related complications, and treatment. Results: The majority of type 2 diabetes patients who had consultations with a diabetologist via telemedicine were obese (44%) or overweight (37%), with HbA1c values greater than 6.4% (87.7%). No statistically significant correlation was found between HbA1c values and BMI (P = 0.721). The most common diabetes-related complications among participants were cardiovascular complications (86.7%), dyslipidemia (69.4%), and chronic kidney disease (16.3%). No statistically significant differences were found between men and women regarding the prevalence of dyslipidemia (P = 0.371), cardiovascular complications (P = 0.634), or nephropathy (P = 0.527). The largest proportion of participants were treated with metformin (66.3%), followed by SGLT-2 inhibitors (46.9%), DPP-4 inhibitors (29.6%), sulfonylurea derivatives (28.6%), insulin therapy (27.6%), and GLP-1 receptor agonists (17.3%). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between HbA1c values and the number of medications participants were treated with (ρ = 0.315, P = 0.002). Significantly higher HbA1c values were found among participants on insulin therapy (P < 0.001) and sulfonylurea derivatives (P < 0.001) compared to those not treated with said medications. Conclusions: The majority of patients with type 2 diabetes who undergo telemedicine consultations with diabetologists have poor glycaemic control, are overweight or obese, and have cardiovascular complications. Metformin is the most commonly used treatment, and the number of medications in diabetes therapy significantly and positively correlates with HbA1c values. HbA1c levels are notably higher in patients treated with insulin and sulfonylurea derivatives compared to those who are not
Comparison of the distribution and frequency of fetal growth asessments in two intragenerational periods at the University Hospital of Split – a retrospective study
No full textCilj istraživanja: Cilj istraživanja je ispitati obrasce fetalnog rasta kroz analizu porođajne mase i PI-a u kontekstu dobi trudnoće, majčinog pariteta i spola novorođenčadi. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na usporedbu antropometrijskih pokazatelja između dva vremenska odvojena, ali generacijski usporediva razdoblja. Materijali i metode: U radu je korišten χ² test za analizu frekvencijskih razlika pri proučavanju morfoloških obilježja novorođenčadi rođene u terminu, točnije od 37. do 42. tjedna. Podatci su prikupljeni tijekom dva razdoblja u tercijarnoj zdravstvenoj ustanovi Kliničkog bolničkog centra Split. Korišteni su podaci iz rađaonske dokumentacije uključujući porođajnu masu, duljinu tijela, tjednu trudnoće pri porodu, paritet majke i spol djeteta uz izračun ponderalnog indeksa kao mjere proporcionalnosti rasta. Istraživanje je retrospektivnog i presječnog karaktera provedeno prema standardiziranim mjernim protokolima. Rezultati su uspoređeni s lokalnim referentnim vrijednostima. Statistička analiza obuhvatila je testiranje razlika i povezanosti između varijabla primjenom prikladnih parametarskih i neparametarskih metoda. Rezultati: Analizirana su dva intrageneracijska razdoblja (2004.–2008. i 2015.–2019.) obuhvaćajući ukupno 41378 terminske novorođenčadi u Klinici za ženske bolesti i porode KBC-a Split s 21404 poroda u prvom te 19974 u drugom promatranom vremenskom okviru. Uočene su statistički značajne razlike u raspodjeli ocjena fetalnog rasta prema porođajnoj masi povezane s trajanjem trudnoće, majčinim paritetom i spolom djeteta (P < 0,05). U prvom razdoblju udio hipotrofije je bio 9,24%, dok je u drugom značajno smanjen na 6,29%. Suprotno tome, udio hipertrofije povećan je s 8,47% na 10,84%. Kod simetričnosti fetalnog rasta registrirane su značajne promjene u ponderalnom indeksu. Novorođenčad s niskim PI-om smanjila su se u drugom razdoblju, dok je udio djece s povišenim PI-jem rastao što je potvrđeno statistički značajnim razlikama (P < 0,05). U podskupini novorođenčadi s asimetričnim rastom zabilježen je pad hipotrofije uz istodobni porast hipertrofije. Kod simetričnog rasta zabilježene su manje varijacije koje nisu dosegle statističku značajnost. Ove promjene upućuju na pomak prema većem udjelu novorođenčadi s povišenim ponderalnim indeksom tijekom promatranih razdoblja što zahtijeva dodatna istraživanja uzroka i mogućih posljedica. Zaključak: Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju značajne promjene u obrascima fetalnog rasta unutar iste generacije, što predstavlja vrijedan doprinos razumijevanju lokalnih perinatalnih trendova. Posebno je važno istaknuti porast udjela novorođenčadi s povišenim ponderalnim indeksom što može imati značajne implikacije za kliničku praksu i dugoročno zdravlje zbog čega je neophodno nastaviti praćenje i istraživanje ovih promjena zbog poboljšanja perinatalne skrbi.Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine fetal growth patterns through the analysis of birth weight and the ponderal index (PI) in the context of gestational age, maternal parity, and the sex of the newborns. Particular emphasis is placed on the comparison of anthropometric indicators between two temporally distinct, yet generationally comparable periods. Materials and Methods: The χ² test was used in this study to analyze frequency differences when examining the morphological characteristics of term newborns, specifically those born between the 37th and 42nd week of gestation. Data were collected during two separate periods at the tertiary healthcare institution, University Hospital of Split. Delivery room records were used including birth weight, body length, gestational age at birth, maternal parity, and newborn sex along with the calculation of the ponderal index as a measure of growth proportionality. The study is retrospective and cross-sectional in nature, conducted according to standardized measurement protocols. The results were compared with local reference values. Statistical analysis included testing for differences and associations between variables using appropriate parametric and non-parametric methods. Results: Two intragenerational periods (2004–2008 and 2015–2019) were analyzed, encompassing a total of 41378 term newborns delivered at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Split, with 21404 births in the first period and 19974 in the second. Statistically significant differences were observed in the distribution of fetal growth assessments based on birth weight, associated with gestational age, maternal parity, and newborn sex (P < 0.05). The incidence of hypotrophy in the first period was 9.24% which significantly decreased to 6.29% in the second. Conversely, the incidence of hypertrophy increased from 8.47% to 10.84%. Significant changes in the ponderal index were noted in relation to the symmetry of fetal growth. The proportion of newborns with a low PI decreased in the second period while the proportion of those with an elevated PI increased, confirmed by statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). In the subgroup of newborns with asymmetric growth a decrease in hypotrophy and a simultaneous increase in hypertrophy were recorded. In cases of symmetric growth, smaller variations were observed which did not reach statistical significance. These changes indicate a shift toward a higher proportion of newborns with an elevated ponderal index during the observed periods, highlighting the need for further investigation into the causes and potential consequences. Conclusion: The obtained results demonstrate significant changes in fetal growth patterns within the same generation, representing a valuable contribution to understanding local perinatal trends. It is particularly important to highlight the increase in the proportion of newborns with elevated ponderal index, which may have significant implications for clinical practice and long-term health. Therefore, continuous monitoring and further research of these changes are essential to improve perinatal care
Semaglutide in the real world: analysis of use in the Republic of Croatia
No full textCilj istraživanja: Cilj ovog istraživanja je analizirati upotrebu semaglutida u Republici Hrvatskoj i procijeniti znanje populacije o semaglutidu. Ispitanici i postupci: Provedeno je presječno istraživanje pomoću anonimnog anketnog upitnika koje je započelo u rujnu 2024.godine i trajalo je 3 mjeseca. Podaci su prikupljeni putem online Google Forms obrasca čija je poveznica proslijeđena na društvene mreže. Ispitanici koji su sudjelovali u ovom istraživanju su punoljetni građani na području Hrvatske, koji su pristali sudjelovati u provedenoj anketi. Provedena je deskriptivna statistička obrada podataka. Statistička analiza uključivala je Hi-kvadrat test. Razina statističke značajnosti je postavljena na P < 0,05. Rezultati anketnog istraživanja prikazani su kao cijeli brojevi i postotci. Rezultati: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 290 ispitanika. Veći dio činili su ispitanici ženskog spola odnosno njih 243 (83,8 %), dok je ispitanika muškog spola bilo 42 (16,2 %). U istraživanju je sudjelovalo samo 11 ispitanika sa šećernom bolešću (3,8 %), dok ostalih 279 (96,2 %) nije imalo šećernu bolest. Približno jednak udio ženskih i muških ispitanika, 77,4 % i 74,5 %, je znao da se Ozempic® koristi za smanjenje tjelesne mase, iako je primarno namijenjen liječenju šećerne bolesti. Ispitanici sa zdravstvenim radnikom u obitelji pokazali su višu razinu znanja o mogućim nuspojavama Ozempica, njih 40 (42,5 %) je navelo mučninu kao moguću nuspojavu, dok je njih 36 (18,4 %) iz skupine bez zdravstvenog radnika u obitelji dalo isti odgovor. Rezultati su pokazali da su žene značajno češće razmišljale o gubitku tjelesne mase i da su osjećale značajno veći pritisak društva zbog svog izgleda. Zaključak: Tri četvrtine ispitanika je čulo za semaglutid neovisno o tome imaju li indikaciju za njegovu uporabu ili ne. Ispitanici sa zdravstvenim radnikom u obitelji su pokazali višu razinu znanja o mogućim nuspojavama semaglutida nego ispitanici bez zdravstvenog radnika u obitelji. Iako su muškarci i žene bili podjednako zadovoljni vlastitim tijelom, žene su osjećale značajno veći pritisak društva zbog vlastitog izgleda.Objective: The aim of this study is to analyse the use of semaglutide in the Republic of Croatia and assess the population's knowledge about semaglutide. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an anonymous survey questionnaire that began in September 2024 and lasted 3 months. Data were collected via an online Google Forms form, and it's link was forwarded to social networks. Respondents who participated in this study were adult citizens in Croatia, who agreed to participate in the survey. Descriptive statistical analysis of the data was performed. Statistical analysis included the Chi-square test. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. The results of the survey are presented as whole numbers and percentages. Results: The study included 290 respondents. The majority were female, 243 (83.8 %), while 42 (16.2 %) were male. Only 11 diabetics (3.8 %) participated in the study, while the remaining 279 (96.2 %) did not have diabetes. Approximately equal proportions of female and male respondents, 77.4% and 74.5%, knew that Ozempic® is used for weight loss, although it is primarily intended for the treatment of diabetes. Respondents with a healthcare professional in the family showed a higher level of knowledge about possible adverse reactions of Ozempic®, 40 of them (42.5 %) listed nausea as a possible adverse reaction, while 36 of them (18.4 %) from the group without a healthcare professional in the family gave the same answer. The results showed that women were significantly more likely to think about losing weight and felt significantly more societal pressure about their appearance. Conclusions: Three-quarters of respondents have heard of semaglutide, regardless of whether they had an indication for its use or not. Respondents with a healthcare professional in the family showed a higher level of knowledge about the possible adverse reactions of semaglutide than respondents without a healthcare professional in the family. Although men and women were equally satisfied with their bodies, women felt significantly more pressure from society because of their appearance
Comparison of parental satisfaction with healthcare in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair in day surgery and conventional hospitalization
No full textCiljevi: Cilj je ovog istraživanja bio ispitati razlike u zadovoljstvu roditelja primljenom zdravstvenom skrbi u djece operirane zbog preponske kile, uspoređujući dvije organizacijske forme liječenja: klasičnu hospitalizaciju (KH) i jednodnevnu kirurgiju (JDK). Sekundarni ciljevi uključivali su usporedbu demografskih karakteristika operirane djece, razinu poslijeoperacijske boli, duljinu hospitalizacije i kliničke ishode između dviju skupina. Ispitanici i postupci: Provedeno je prospektivno kohortno istraživanje u razdoblju od 1. svibnja 2024. do 1. svibnja 2025., u Klinici za dječju kirurgiju Kliničkog bolničkog centra Split. Sudjelovalo je 133 roditelja koji su u potpunosti ispunili upitnik nakon operacije njihove djece. Ukupno su analizirani rezultati 105 dječaka i 28 djevojčica, s medijanom dobi 5 (IQR 3 – 7) godina. Djeca su bila operirana zbog primarne preponske kile i raspodijeljena u skupine KH (n=65) i JDK (n=68). Poslijeoperacijska bol procijenjena je pomoću vizualno analogne skale, dok je zadovoljstvo roditelja ocijenjeno prevedenim i prilagođenim upitnikom PedsQL 3.0 Healthcare Satisfaction – Parents. Za statističku analizu korišten je Mann-Whitney U test, a prag značajnosti postavljen je na P<0,05 Rezultati: Nije ustanovljena statistički značajna razlika u razini poslijeoperacijske boli između ispitivanih skupina (P=0,439). Ukupna razina zadovoljstva roditelja bila je visoka u obje skupine. Međutim, roditelji djece liječene u sustavu klasične hospitalizacije iskazali su značajno veće zadovoljstvo u potkategorijama informacije (P=0,042), uključivanje obitelji (P=0,012), komunikacije (P=0,017) i emocionalne potpore (P=0,031). Nije uočena značajna razlika u općem zadovoljstvu (P=0,945), tehničkim vještinama (P=0,054) ili ukupnom rezultatu upitnika (medijani: KH 98,96, JDK 92,71; P=0,055). Zaključci: JDK je učinkovit i siguran pristup liječenju preponske kile u djece, bez razlike u razini boli u odnosu na KH. Iako je sustav JDK pokazao usporedivu razinu roditeljskog zadovoljstva s tradicionalnim oblikom hospitalizacije, područja informiranosti, emocionalne potpore i komunikacije zahtijevaju dodatna poboljšanja kako bi se postigla jednaka kvaliteta skrbi. Ovi nalazi mogu poslužiti kao temelj za buduće organizacijske i edukativne intervencije u pedijatrijskoj kirurškoj skrbi.Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine differences in parental satisfaction with healthcare received by children operated for inguinal hernia, comparing two organizational forms of treatment: conventional hospitalization (CH) and day surgery (DS). Secondary objectives included comparison of demographic characteristics of operated children, level of postoperative pain, length of hospital stay, and clinical outcomes between the two groups. Materials and methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted from May 1, 2024, to May 1, 2025, at the Department of Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Split. 133 parents who fully filled out the questionnaire after their children's surgery participated. Results of 105 boys and 28 girls were analysed, with median age of 5 (IQR 3-7) years. Children were operated for primary inguinal hernia and divided into CH (n=65) and DS (n=68) groups. Postoperative pain was assessed using visual analog scale, while parental satisfaction was evaluated using the translated and adapted PedsQL 3.0 Healthcare Satisfaction – Parents questionnaire. Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis, with significance threshold set at P<0.05. Results: No statistically significant difference in postoperative pain levels was found between study groups (P=0.439). Overall parental satisfaction was high in both groups. However, parents of children treated in CH showed significantly higher satisfaction in subcategories of information (P=0.042), family involvement (P=0.012), communication (P=0.017), and emotional support (P=0.031). No significant difference was observed in general satisfaction (P=0.945), technical skills (P=0.054), or total questionnaire score (medians: CH 98.96, DS 92.71; P=0.055). Conclusions: DS is an effective and safe approach for treating inguinal hernia in children, with no difference in pain levels compared to CH. Although DS showed comparable parental satisfaction levels with traditional hospitalization, areas of information provision, emotional support, and communication require additional improvements to achieve equal quality of care. These findings may serve as foundation for future organizational and educational interventions in paediatric surgical care
Etiologija i kliničke karakteristike akutnog pankreatitisa u Kliničkom bolničkom centru Split u 2024. godini
No full textObjectives: This retrospective study examined acute pancreatitis cases at University Hospital Split in 2024. Its objectives were to identify the main etiologies (anticipating that gallstone-related and alcohol-induced pancreatitis would dominate), describe patient demographics and disease characteristics (including severity and complications), evaluate clinical outcomes (such as hospital stay, ICU admission, interventions, and in-hospital mortality), and calculate the incidence of AP in the Split–Dalmatia County population for 2024. The hypotheses were that severe cases would be associated with longer hospital stays and a higher rate of interventions, whereas most mild-to-moderate cases would recover with conservative treatment. This localized analysis was intended to provide epidemiological data comparable to broader European trends. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study included all adult patients (age ≥18) admitted with acute pancreatitis to UHS between January 1 and December 31, 2024. AP was defined by the 2012 Revised Atlanta criteria, and cases with chronic pancreatitis or incomplete medical records were excluded. Data extracted from hospital records comprised patient age, sex, AP etiology, key laboratory and imaging findings, disease severity (Atlanta classification), occurrence of local and systemic complications, treatment approach (conservative or interventional), and outcomes (length of stay, ICU admission, inhospital mortality). The incidence of AP in Split–Dalmatia County was calculated using official 2024 population figures. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS (v25) and MedCalc: continuous variables were summarized as medians (IQR) or means (±SD), categorical variables as counts and percentages, and group comparisons used chi-square tests or t-tests/Mann–Whitney tests as appropriate, with significance set at P<0,05. Results: A total of 266 patients met the inclusion criteria (59% male), with a median age of 68 years (IQR 25). Biliary (gallstone-related) pancreatitis was the most common cause (57%), followed by idiopathic (23%) and alcohol-related (12%) cases. Overall, 61% of patients had no complications, 33% had only local pancreatic complications, and 7% had systemic or combined complications. The median hospital stay was 7 days, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 3,4%. The estimated incidence of acute pancreatitis in Split–Dalmatia County in 2024 was approximately 62,8 per 100,000 population, with admissions peaking during the summer months. Conclusions: In conclusion, gallstones were the leading cause of acute pancreatitis at UHS Split in 2024, and patient outcomes were generally favorable with relatively few severe cases and a low mortality rate. The observed incidence (≈62,8/100,000) falls at the higher end of European reports, underscoring the importance of local epidemiological data. These findings highlight the need for prompt AP diagnosis and adequate hospital preparedness for seasonal case surges (especially in summer). Overall, this study provides updated local data to inform patient management and healthcare planning in the region.Ciljevi: Retrospektivna studija obuhvatila je slučajeve akutnog pankreatitisa hospitalizirane na Sveučilišnoj bolnici Split tijekom 2024. godine. Ciljevi su bili utvrditi glavne etiologije bolesti (pri čemu se očekivalo da će većinu činiti pankreatitis uzrokovan žučnim kamencima i alkoholom), opisati demografske i kliničke karakteristike bolesnika (uključujući težinu bolesti i komplikacije), procijeniti ishode liječenja (poput duljine hospitalizacije, prijema na intenzivnu njegu, izvedenih zahvata i bolničke smrtnosti) te izračunati incidenciju AP-a u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji za 2024. godinu. Predviđalo se da će teški slučajevi zahtijevati duže liječenje i češće intervencije, dok će većina umjerenih do blagih slučajeva ozdraviti konzervativnim liječenjem. Ova analiza bila je usmjerena na dobivanje lokalnih epidemioloških podataka usporedivih s europskim standardima. Materijali i metode: Studija je retrospektivno obuhvatila sve odrasle pacijente (≥18 godina) hospitalizirane s dijagnozom akutnog pankreatitisa na Sveučilišnoj bolnici Split između 1. siječnja i 31. prosinca 2024. AP je definiran prema revidiranoj Atlantskoj klasifikaciji (2012). Isključeni su bolesnici s poznatim kroničnim pankreatitisom ili nepotpunim podacima. Iz bolničkih zapisa prikupljeni su podaci o dobi, spolu, etiologiji AP-a, ključnim laboratorijskim i slikovnim nalazima, težini bolesti (prema Atlantskoj klasifikaciji), prisutnosti lokalnih i sustavnih komplikacija, primijenjenim metodama liječenja (konzervativne ili intervencijske) i ishodima (dužina bolničkog liječenja, prijem na intenzivnu njegu, bolnička smrtnost). Incidencija AP-a u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji izračunata je korištenjem službenih demografskih podataka za 2024. godinu. Statističke su analize provedene u programu SPSS (verzija 25) i MedCalc: kontinuirane varijable prikazane su medijanom (IQR) ili srednjom vrijednošću (±SD), a kategorijske u postocima, uz primjenu Ki-kvadrat testa te t-testa ili Mann–Whitney testa za usporedbe grupa, uz prag značajnosti P<0,05. Rezultati: U studiji je ukupno uključeno 266 pacijenata (59% muškaraca) s medijanom dobi od 68 godina (IQR 25). Kao najčešći uzrok AP-a zabilježen je žučni (pankreatitis uzrokovan žučnim kamencima) u 57% slučajeva, zatim idiopatski (23%) i alkoholni (12%) uzrok. Šezdeset i jedan posto pacijenata nije imalo komplikacije, 33% ih je imalo samo lokalne komplikacije, a 7% sustavne ili kombinirane komplikacije. Medijan trajanja bolničkog liječenja bio je 7 dana, a bolnička je smrtnost iznosila 3,4%. Procijenjena incidencija AP-a u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji u 2024. godini iznosila je oko 62,8 na 100 000 stanovnika, uz vrhunac broja prijema tijekom ljetnih mjeseci. Zaključci: Zaključno, većina slučajeva akutnog pankreatitisa u 2024. godini u Splitu bila je uzrokovana žučnim kamencima, a opći su ishodi bili povoljni uz relativno malo teških oblika bolesti i nisku bolničku smrtnost. Procijenjena incidencija (~62,8 na 100 000 stanovnika) spada u gornji raspon europskih vrijednosti, što naglašava važnost lokalnih epidemioloških podataka. Rezultati upućuju na potrebu za brzom dijagnozom AP-a i planiranjem bolničkih resursa za sezonske poraste broja slučajeva (osobito tijekom ljeta). Ova studija pruža ažurirane lokalne podatke koji mogu pomoći u poboljšanju liječenja pacijenata i zdravstvenom planiranju u regiji
Comparison of keratometric values measured by optical biometry an corneal topography using the Scheimpflug camera principle in the preoperative evaluation of patients undergoing cataract surgery by phacoemulsification
No full textCiljevi: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je usporediti keratometrijske vrijednosti izmjerene pomoću optičkog biometra AL-Scan (Nidek) i kornealnog tomografa Pentacam HR (Oculus) temeljenog na principu Schiempflug kamere u preoperativnoj obradi bolesnika za operaciju mrene fakoemulzifikacijom. Dodatno je analizirana dinamika promjene dobivenih vrijednosti s povećanjem promjera mjerene zone na uređaju Pentacam. Ispitanici i postupci: U istraživanje je uključeno 120 ispitanika, odnosno 193 oka, koji su tijekom 2025. godine pristupili preoperativnoj obradi za operaciju mrene fakoemulzifikacijom u prijemnoj ambulanti Klinike za očne bolesti Kliničkog bolničkog centra Split. U sklopu pregleda svima je uzeta anamneza, određena vidna oštrina i vrijednost intraokularnog tlaka te su izmjereni keratometrijski parametri na oba uređaja, a kod Pentacama dodatno na zonama promjera 2 mm, 3 mm i 4,5 mm. Rezultati: Dobivene vrijednosti K1 i K2 bile su statistički značajno veće pri mjerenju uređajem Nidek u odnosu na Pentacam (P < 0,001), uz srednju razliku od 0,21 D za K1 i 0,30 D za K2. Slično tome, uređaj Nidek u prosjeku je detektirao više vrijednosti astigmatizma (0,89 ± 0,66 D) u usporedbi s Pentacamom (0,80 ± 0,63 D), što je bilo statistički značajno (P < 0,05). ANOVA analiza dokazala je da vrijednosti keratometrijskih parametara statistički značajno rastu s povećanjem promjera mjerne zone (P < 0,001). Zaključci: Rezultati pokazuju da se keratometrijske vrijednosti značajno razlikuju među uređajima i da ih nije moguće koristiti kao zamjenu jedan za drugi. Zbog dodatnih mogućnosti poput višezonskog mjerenja i analize stražnje površine rožnice, uređaj Pentacam HR omogućuje detaljniju uvid i precizniju procjenu ukupne refrakcijske jakosti rožnice.Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare keratometric values measured using the optical biometer AL-Scan (Nidek) and the corneal tomographer Pentacam HR (Oculus), which operates on the Scheimpflug imaging principle, in the preoperative evaluation of patients undergoing cataract surgery by phacoemulsification. Additionally, the study analyzed the dynamics of changes in measured values depending on the increase in measurement zone diameter using the Pentacam device. Subjects and methods: The study included 120 subjects, 193 eyes in total, who came for preoperative evaluation for cataract surgery by phacoemulsification during 2025 at the Ophthalmology Department of University Hospital of Split. All patients underwent medical history taking, visual acuity assessment, intraocular pressure measurement, and keratometric evaluation with both devices. For the Pentacam, additional measurements were taken at 2 mm, 3 mm, and 4.5 mm corneal diameters. Results: The obtained K1 and K2 values were significantly higher when measured with the Nidek device compared to the Pentacam (P < 0.001), with a mean difference of 0.21 D for K1 and 0.30 D for K2. Similarly, the Nidek device measured higher average astigmatism values (0.89 ± 0.66 D) compared to the Pentacam (0.80 ± 0.63 D), which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). ANOVA analysis confirmed a statistically significant increase in keratometric values with increasing measurement zone diameter on the Pentacam (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The results show that keratometric values significantly differ between the devices and they cannot be used interchangeably. Due to its additional capabilities such as multizonal measurement and posterior corneal surface analysis, the Pentacam HR provides a more detailed insight and more accurate assessment of the total corneal refractive power
The association between eating habits and sleep quality in medical students
No full textCiljevi: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati povezanost prehrambenih navika i kvalitete spavanja u studenata medicine. Materijali i postupci: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 354 studenata Medicinskog fakulteta u Splitu, među kojima 96 muškarca i 257 žena, u dobi od 18 do 32 godine. Podaci su prikupljeni pomoću anketnog upitnika koji se sastojao od Pittsburgh indeksa kvalitete spavanja (PSQI) i Upitnika za ispitivanje obrazaca prehrane (TFEQ). Ispitanici su s obzirom na rezultat TFEQ upitnika kategorizirani u dvije skupine, s dobrim (rezultat TFEQ≤47) i lošim prehrambenim navikama (TFEQ>47). Rezultati: Značajno veći ukupan rezultat PSQI upitnika zabilježen je u ispitanika s TFEQ>47 naspram ispitanika s TFEQ≤47 (7,14±2,79 vs. 5,51±2,61, P 47). Results: The total score on the PSQI questionnaire was significantly higher in subjects with TFEQ>47 compared to subjects with TFEQ≤47 (7.14±2.79 vs. 5.51±2.61, P<0.001). In addition, subjects with TFEQ greater than 47 had greater difficulty maintaining enthusiasm levels during the day (1.73±0.80 vs. 1.16±0.86, P<0.001), had more difficulty staying awake during the day (0.92±0.84 vs. 0.68±0.91, P=0.036), and rated their subjective sleep quality as worse (1.40±0.64 vs. 1.00±0.68, P<0.001) than subjects with TFEQ less than 47. Statistically significant positive correlations were obtained between the total TFEQ score and PSQI (r=0.25, P<0.001), total PSQI score and all three TFEQ categories: cognitive restriction (r=0.15, P=0.01), uncontrolled eating (r=0.21, P<0.001), and emotional eating (r=0.24, P<0.001). Conclusions: Students with poorer eating habits had lower overall sleep quality. A tendency toward cognitive restraint of food intake, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating was associated with poorer sleep quality
Exposure to tobacco smoke in children with asthma - Prevalence of smoking in parents and household members of children with asthma
No full textCiljevi: Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi učestalost pušenja roditelja djece s dijagnozom astme, razlike u pušačkim navikama majki i očeva s obzirom na mjesto stanovanja (gradska ili seoska sredina), te ispitati postoji li povezanost između pušenja roditelja, spola, mjesta stanovanja i stupnja težine astme kod njihove djece. Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanje su uključeni svi pacijenti koji imaju potvrđenu dijagnozu astme, a bili su na pulmološko-alergološkom pregledu u Ambulanti za pulmologiju i alergologiju - poliklinička djelatnost Klinike za dječje bolesti, KBC Split, u 2024. godini. Uvidom u medicinsku dokumentaciju dobiveni su klinički podaci (spol, dob, težina astme, mjesto prebivališta djeteta, pušački status roditelja) koji su onda statistički obrađeni uporabom Fisher egzaktnog testa i hi-kvadrat testa. Rezultati: U istraživanje je uključeno 193 djece s dijagnozom astme, od čega 62 % dječaka i 38 % djevojčica. Medijan dobi ispitanika bio je 12,13. Ispitanici su bili podijeljeni u pet skupina s obzirom na stupanj težine astme (G1-G5) te je najveći broj ispitanika imao stupanj astme G2 (blaga trajna astma), njih čak 55,44 % (P = 2,2e−16 ). Postotak roditelja koji su se izjasnili kao pušači iznosio je 34 %. Istraživanje nije pokazalo povezanost roditeljskog pušenja općenito, niti kada su raspodijeljeni po spolu, sa stupnjem težine astme njihove djece. Učestalost pušenja bila je veća među očevima djece s dijagnozom astme, nego kod majki (P=0,034). Nije pokazana povezanost između mjesta prebivališta (gradska ili seoska sredina) te statusa pušenja u obitelji niti povezanost između života u gradu ili selu te stupnja težine astme djece. Zaključci: Najveći broj djece s dijagnozom astme nalazi se u skupini s blagom trajnom astmom. Više od trećine roditelja izjasnilo se kao pušači, s češćim pušenjem među očevima, dok nije utvrđena statistički značajna povezanost između pušenja roditelja, njihovog spola ili mjesta stanovanja i stupnja težine astme kod djece.Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of smoking among parents of children diagnosed with asthma, differences in smoking habits of mothers and fathers with regard to place of residence (urban or rural), and to examine whether there is a connection between parental smoking, gender, place of residence, and the severity of asthma in their children. Subjects and methods: The study included all patients with a confirmed diagnosis of asthma who underwent a pulmonological and allergological examination at the Pulmonology and Allergology Outpatient Clinic - a polyclinic activity of the Clinic for Children's Diseases, University Hospital of Split, in 2024. By reviewing the medical documentation, clinical data (gender, age, severity of asthma, place of residence of the child, smoking status of the parents) were obtained, which were then statistically processed using the Fisher exact test and the chi-square test. Results: The study included 193 children diagnosed with asthma, 62 % of whom were boys and 38 % were girls. The median age of the subjects was 12.13 years. The subjects were divided into five groups according to the severity of asthma (G1-G5), and the largest number of subjects had asthma grade G2 (mild persistent asthma), 55.44 % of them (2.2e−16 ). The percentage of parents who declared themselves smokers was 34 %. The study did not show a connection between parental smoking in general, nor when distributed by gender, with the severity of asthma in their children. The frequency of smoking was higher among fathers of children diagnosed with asthma than among mothers (P=0.034). No connection was shown between place of residence (urban or rural area) and smoking status in the family, nor between living in the city or the countryside and the severity of asthma in children. Conclusions: The largest number of children diagnosed with asthma are in the mild persistent asthma group. More than a third of parents reported smoking, with smoking more common among fathers, while no statistically significant association was found between parental smoking, their gender or place of residence and the severity of asthma in children
