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Simulating academic writing: Didactic assumptions and problems in teaching and following academic text procedures
Get PDFThe preparation of a written diploma work is often a prerequisite for completion of one’s
academic studies. The requirements that it must comply with, require targeted and systematic instruction
in developing academic writing skills. This article introduces the concept of academic writing
and effects of developing it, based on the simulation of the editing processes of a scholarly text
The Evaluation of Simulated Environmental Degradation of Polycarbonate Filled with Inorganic and Organic Reinforcements
Get PDFThis research aimed to examine the mechanical properties of polycarbonate-based composites filled with both organic and inorganic reinforcements before and after simulated environmental degradation. Series of polycarbonate-based samples were prepared in the form of thin tapes. Their rheological properties were examined. Then, the samples were exposed to artificial environmental conditions. Finally, their rheological properties were examined once more, and the results were compared with those obtained for untreated samples. This paper presents basic research on the application of inorganic fillers to polycarbonate in order to determine the influence of the filler on the behavior of the obtained material. The aim of the work was to determine the usefulness and purpose of using this type of filler in polycarbonates for applications in contact with ultraviolet radiation, especially medical applications
Analiza udziału białek ściany komórkowej w odpowiedzi na stres temperaturowy u modelowego gatunku trawy Brachypodium distachyon
Get PDFPraca zawiera artykuły w języku angielskim.Increasing climate changes increase the average temperature of the Earth's surface and a higher frequency of extreme weather phenomena, which are a threat to food production. Given the growing human population and declining farmland, there is an urgent need to develop new crops adapted to changing climate. It is possible by developing new plant varieties, either with the use of classical breeding methods or through the use of genetic engineering. The latter approach requires a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying various stress responses, particularly temperature stress induced by low and high temperatures. Temperature stress changes photosynthetic efficiency and disturbs redox potential. It also leads to rearrangement of the cell wall cytoskeleton and cell wall remodelling. All these processes are relatively poorly understood. Therefore, this work focused on the response to the temperature stress of leaves of a model species for grasses in the temperate climate zone, Brachypodium distachyon.
This study aimed to analyse the response of Brachypodium distachyon cell wall proteins in leaves subjected to low (4 °C) and high (40 °C) temperature. Another objective was to obtain mutants with inactivated genes encoding the Fasciclin arabinogalactan protein (Bradi3g39740) and pectin methylesterase (Bradi3g24750). To characterize the effect of cellular stress on the cell wall proteins, immunocytochemistry with antibodies binding specifically to arabinogalactan proteins and extensins epitopes, analysis of the expression profile of genes encoding arabinogalactan and extensin proteins, as well as analysis of the cell wall proteome were applied. In order to obtain mutants with inactivated genes, site-directed mutagenesis based on CRISPR/Cas9 system was used. In addition, the transformation of the embryogenic callus induced from immature embryos was performed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens bacterial cells.
Studies on the distribution of AGP epitopes in leaves of B. distachyon revealed their presence mainly in the vascular bundle and extensins in the mesophyll. Differences in the distribution and intensity of signals were demonstrated for the four antibodies recognizing AGP: JIM8, JIM16, LM2, and LM6. At the same time, no differences in the distribution and intensity of signals were observed for antibodies recognizing extensin epitopes. Analysis of the expression profile of the genes encoding AGP and extensin revealed an increase in the expression level, significantly greater in the plants incubated at high temperatures. In turn, proteomic analysis of the cell wall allowed the identification of 46 proteins with the differentiated presence at high temperature compared to the control. These changes suggest lower protease activity, cell wall lignification and expansion, and changes in the architecture of cell wall polymers, especially pectins. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, four mutants with inactivated genes encoding the Fasciclin arabinogalactan protein and pectin methylesterase were obtained. Although the obtained mutants show no change in response to temperature stress, they show slower growth in response to salt stress
Conversion rate prediction based on text readability analysis of landing pages
Get PDFDigital marketing has been extensively researched and developed remarkably rapidly over the last decade. Within this field, hundreds of scientific publications and patents have been produced, but the accuracy of prediction technologies leaves much to be desired. Conversion prediction remains a problem for most marketing professionals. In this article, the authors, using a dataset containing landing pages content and their conversions, show that a detailed analysis of text readability is capable of predicting conversion rates. They identify specific features that directly affect conversion and show how marketing professionals can use the results of this work. In their experiments, the authors show that the applied machine learning approach can predict landing page conversion. They built five machine learning models. The accuracy of the built machine learning model using the SVM algorithm is promising for its implementation. Additionally, the interpretation
of the results of this model was conducted using the SHAP package. Approximately 60% of purchases are made by nonmembers, and this paper may be suitable for the cold-start problem
Siła w słabości, czyli o (nie)skuteczności ochrony praw Polek-migrantek w małżeństwach mieszanych
Get PDFPojęcie małżeństwa mieszanego (mixed marriage) odnosi się do związku osób reprezentujących różne kultury (intercultural marriage), religie (interreligious marriage lub interfaith marriage) czy narodowości (transnational marriage). Polki coraz częściej decydują się na małżeństwa z obcokrajowcami, które zawierane są zarówno w Polsce, jak i za granicą. Małżeństwa osób pochodzących z różnych krajów, posługujące się różnymi językami, wychowane i wykształcone w odmiennych systemach kulturowych czy religijnych, mogą napotkać na trudności w budowaniu relacji społecznych/rodzinnych. Może to powodować, że Polki będące w małżeństwa mieszanych mogą być/stać się ofiarami przemocy domowej w wymiarze ekonomicznym, psychicznym, fizycznym i seksualnym, często uwarunkowanej normami zwyczajowymi. Co więcej, nie wszystkie rodzaje przemocy czy przestępstw wobec kobiet są w ogóle w krajach zamieszkania Polek-migrantek zabronione pod groźbą kary. Sytuacja może komplikować się dodatkowo, gdy w grę wchodzi małżeństwo regulowane np. prawem szariatu.
Artykuł podejmuje próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie czy polskie przepisy prawne (lub ratyfikowane przez Polskę umowy międzynarodowe) gwarantują Polkom z małżeństw mieszanych jakąkolwiek ochronę, a jeśli tak, to gdzie i w jaki sposób mogą się one o takową starać. Ważnym pytaniem jest również, jakie instytucje publiczne angażują się w pomoc tej konkretnej grupie migrantek oraz jak daleko w praktyce sięgają ich możliwości, szczególnie w sytuacji, gdy doświadczająca przemocy Polka przebywa w kraju, gdzie prawo nie rozdziela życia świeckiego i religijnego, a sprawy małżeństw podlegają (przede wszystkim) sądownictwu religijnemu
Non‐inversion tillage as a chance to increase the biodiversity of grounddwelling spiders in agroecosystems: preliminary results
Get PDFSpiders (Araneae) create abundant and diverse assemblages in many agroecosystems,
where they play a crucial role as the main group of predators and pest controllers. However,
seasonal disturbance in the agricultural environment (e.g., harvesting or ploughing) affects spider
assemblages. The main aim of this research was to compare assemblages of Araneae colonising
cereal fields cultivated under two different systems of soil tillage: conventional with ploughing and
non-inversion tillage. The research covered plantations of triticale, wheat, and barley, situated in
northeastern Poland. Ground-dwelling spiders were captured into modified pitfall traps filled up to
1/3 height with an ethylene glycol solution. In total, 6744 spiders representing 67 species classified
in 13 families were caught. The traps were emptied every two weeks from the end of April until
the end of July. A total of 2410 specimens representing 55 species were captured in the fields with
simplified cultivation, while the remaining 4334 specimens representing 49 species were trapped
in conventional fields where ploughing was performed. The Shannon diversity (H’) and evenness
(J’) indices reached higher values in the fields without ploughing. According to IndVal Erigone,
dentipalpis and Bathyphantes gracilis were signifi-cantly characteristic (p < 0.05) for non-inversion soil
tillage, whereas six species, Oedothorax apicatus, Pardosa prativaga, Pardosa paludicola, Pachygnatha
clerki, Dicimbium nigrum brevisetosum, and Clubiona reclusa, were typical of soil tillage with ploughing.
The research showed that simplification of soil tillage in cereal fields improves the biodiversity of
arachnofauna in agricultural ecosystems. The use of conventional tillage systems with ploughing
promotes agrobiontic species of the families Linyphiidae and Lycosidae
Cognitive development and humor processing in children - how knowledge on children’s capacity to detect and interpret humor can suport the translator in the translation process
Get PDFIn my article, based on the research carried out by Jean Piaget and Paul McGhee (and others), I would like to focus on how children understand humor at different stages of their psychological development. Such knowledge on developmental psychology can turn out indispensable while translating humor in the literature devoted to children. Younger children will appreciate linguistic humor based on phonological ambiguity as they like playing with sounds. Early school children will recognize ambiguous word meanings and therefore will be able to enjoy semantic dimensions of the humorous texts. The theoretical part of the article will be supported by some examples of translations of wordplays from English into Polish and Portuguese in European and Brazilian versions taken from Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll
Effectiveness of the influence of selected essential oils on the growth of parasitic fusarium isolated from wheat kernels from central Europe
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of selected seven commercial
essential oils (EsO) (grapefruit, lemongrass, tea tree (TTO), thyme, verbena, cajeput, and Litsea cubeba)
on isolates of common Central European parasitic fungal species of Fusarium obtained from infected
wheat kernels, and to evaluate the oils as potential natural fungicides. The study was conducted in
2 stages. At each stage, the fungicidal activity of EsO (with concentrations of 0.025; 0.05; 0.125; 0.25;
0.50; 1.0, and 2.0%) against Fusarium spp. was evaluated using the disc plate method and zones of
growth inhibition were measured. At the first stage, the fungistatic activity of EsO was evaluated
against four species of Fusarium from the Polish population (F. avenaceum FAPL, F. culmorum FCPL,
F. graminearum FGPL and F. oxysporum FOPL). The correlation coefficient between the mycelial growth
rate index (T) and the fungistatic activity (FA) was calculated. At the second stage, on the basis of the
mycelium growth rate index, the effectiveness of the EsO in limiting the development of Fusarium
isolates from the German population (F. culmorum FC1D, F. culmorum FC2D, F. graminearum FG1D,
F. graminearum FG2D and F. poae FP0D) was assessed. The first and second stage results presented
as a growth rate index were then used to indicate essential oils (as potential natural fungicides)
effectively limiting the development of various common Central European parasitic species Fusarium
spp. Finally, the sensitivity of four Fusarium isolates from the Polish population and five Fusarium
isolates from the German population was compared. The data were compiled in STATISTICA
13.0 (StatSoft, Inc, CA, USA) at the significance level of 0.05. Fusarium isolates from the German
population were generally more sensitive than those from the Polish population. The sensitivity of
individual Fusarium species varied. Their vulnerability, regardless of the isolate origin, in order from
the most to the least sensitive, is as follows: F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. poae, F. avenaceum and
F. oxysporum. The strongest fungicidal activity, similar to Funaben T, showed thyme oil (regardless
of the concentration). Performance of citral oils (lemongrass and Litsea cubeba) was similar but at a
concentration above 0.025%
The importance of input data on landslide susceptibility mapping
Get PDFLandslide detection and susceptibility mapping are crucial in risk management and urban planning.
Constant advance in digital elevation models accuracy and availability, the prospect of automatic
landslide detection, together with variable processing techniques, stress the need to assess the
effect of differences in input data on the landslide susceptibility maps accuracy. The main goal of this
study is to evaluate the influence of variations in input data on landslide susceptibility mapping using
a logistic regression approach. We produced 32 models that differ in (1) type of landslide inventory
(manual or automatic), (2) spatial resolution of the topographic input data, (3) number of landslidecausing
factors, and (4) sampling technique. We showed that models based on automatic landslide
inventory present comparable overall prediction accuracy as those produced using manually detected
features. We also demonstrated that finer resolution of topographic data leads to more accurate
and precise susceptibility models. The impact of the number of landslide-causing factors used for
calculations appears to be important for lower resolution data. On the other hand, even the lower
number of causative agents results in highly accurate susceptibility maps for the high-resolution
topographic data. Our results also suggest that sampling from landslide masses is generally more
befitting than sampling from the landslide mass center. We conclude that most of the produced
landslide susceptibility models, even though variable, present reasonable overall prediction accuracy,
suggesting that the most congruous input data and techniques need to be chosen depending on the
data quality and purpose of the study
Bimodal crystallization rate curves of a molecular liquid with fieldinduced polymorphism
Get PDFIn this study, we use dielectric spectroscopy to explore how frequency and amplitude of an applied strong
electric field affect the overall crystallization kinetics over a range of temperatures, focusing on a molecular
system with field-induced polymorphism: vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC). The volume fraction of
the field-induced polymorph can be controlled by the parameters of the high-electric field, i.e., frequency
and amplitude. We find that the crystallization rate maximum of the field induced polymorph is located
at lower temperatures relative to the that of the regular polymorph. The temperature of the highest crystallization
rate for the regular polymorph was found to be unaffected by the electric field, but the overall
rates increase with increasing field amplitude. The dimensionality of crystal growth is also analyzed via
the Avrami parameter and is frequency invariant but affected by the field amplitude. Our results demonstrate
that a detailed knowledge of the influence of high fields on crystallization facilitates control over
the crystallization behavior and the final product outcome of molecular systems, providing new opportunities
for material engineering and improving pharmaceuticals