Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Śląskiego RE-BUŚ
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The economic situation of the Pauline monastery in Leśna (compared to the economy of other Pauline institutions operating in the eastern provinces of the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth)
No full textOne of the most important institutions of the Polish Pauline Province in the
18th and 19th centuries was the monastery in Leśna in Podlasie (Podlachia). It
was founded in 1726 by the village owner, Władysław Jan Michałowski. After
the Third Partition in 1795, Leśna became part of Western Galicia, from 1809
it was part of the Duchy of Warsaw, and from 1815 to 1918 part of the Kingdom
of Poland under the rule of Russian Tsars. The monastery was dissolved
in 1864.
The monastery received a very large endowment. Until 1795 it owned 16
villages, but as a result of the Third Partition, the Pauline Fathers lost most of
their property to the Russian treasury. Until the end of its existence, it owned
only 4 villages. The acreage of the monastic land in the 18th century amounted
to 4907 morgens, and after 1795 it was only 842.50 morgen (82.83% less than
before). Such a large endowment meant that the monastery in Leśna was financially
the best secured convent in the Polish Pauline Province, second only to
Jasna Góra.
The Paulines in Leśna sowed the greatest quantities of rye, wheat, barley,
oats, and they also grew Tartary buckwheat, peas, millet, buckwheat, and flax.
The level of crop production was heavily influenced by military operations that
took place in the area of the monastery. At that time, there occurred threats to
life and health, as well as numerous lootings carried out by marching armies,
e.g., over the years 1812 to 1813 and 1831. Most of the crops were expended
on sowing and consumption in the monastery, while in the 19th century part of
the harvest was sold on the local market. The 19th century also seems to have
witnessed an improvement in the farming culture, resulting in increased productivity.
The monastic estates bred oxen and horses as beasts of burden, as
well as dairy cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry, and bees. Animal husbandry was primarily
intended for satisfying their own needs.
Non-agricultural economy, namely milling industry, propination (exercising
local alcohol monopoly), and brick production played an important role in
the economic operations of the monastery. On the basis of the preserved, incomplete
archival materials, it has been established that the biggest income
was obtained from lease rents, interest on special contracts for the purchase of
profits from lease rents, as well as from bank deposits, and the repayment of
mortgage bonds. The most substantial amounts were spent on construction and
renovation works, taxes, salaries for servants and on the upkeep of monks. The
financial situation of the monastery was unstable, but the monastery in Leśna
supported itself without any external help, with a single exception being an
assistance of the provincial authorities which happened only once, in the 1930s
Preliminary evaluation of the possible occurrence of pesticides in groundwater contaminated with nitrates – a case study from Southern Poland
Get PDFThis paper addresses groundwater pollution and the potential presence of pesticides within the catchment areas of two reservoirs that are sources of drinking water. The two reservoirs are Goczałkowice and Kozłowa Góra, both in Southern Poland. Agricultural and rural areas dominate both catchments. Archival data showed local groundwater contamination with nitrates. This indicated the possible presence of pesticides in shallow groundwater. In total, 13 groundwater samples from shallow sandy aquifers were collected. All the samples were tested for the presence of 35 organophosphate pesticides and 28 organochlorine pesticides. Additionally, in order to determine the current groundwater conditions, physicochemical parameters were measured in the field, and water samples were subjected to analysis of their chemical composition (incl. the determination of nitrates). The research outcomes showed that pesticides were not detected above the detection limits in any of the samples. Due to variations in the persistence and degradation rates of pesticides, the occurrence of these substances in the groundwater environment and the possibility of their migration to aquifers should not be completely excluded. Natural processes and factors (e.g., sorption, biodegradation, hydrolysis and redox conditions) may gradually reduce the pesticide concentrations in groundwater. The chemical analyses revealed high concentrations of nitrates in the groundwater. This suggests the possible influence of agriculture and fertilizer application on groundwater quality; however, a proportion of NO3- ions may be connected with improper sewage management within the two catchments. The absence of pesticides in groundwater impacted by agriculture may result from processes occurring in the aquifer and the rapid degradation of these compounds due to photolysis and prevailing weather conditions. In the vicinity of dwellings, nitrates also originate from domestic wastewater. Thus, the occurrence of pesticides in groundwater contaminated with NO3 cannot always be expected
Estimating baseflow and baseflow index in ungauged basins using spatial interpolation techniques : a case study of the Southern River Basin of Thailand
Get PDFThis research aims to estimate baseflow (BF) and baseflow index (BFI) in ungauged basins in the southern part of Thailand. Three spatial interpolation methods (namely, inverse distance weighting (IDW), kriging, and spline) were utilized and compared in regard to their performance. Two baseflow separation methods, i.e., the local minimum method (LM) and the Eckhardt filter method (EF), were investigated. Runoff data were collected from 65 runoff stations. These runoff stations were randomly selected and divided into two parts: 75% and 25% for the calibration and validation stages, respectively, with a total of 36 study cases. Four statistical indices including mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), correlation coefficient (r), and combined accuracy (CA), were applied for the performance evaluation. The findings revealed that monthly and annual BF and BFI calculated by EF were mostly lower than those calculated by LM. Furthermore, IDW gave the best performance among the three spatial interpolation techniques by providing the highest r-value and the lowest MAE, RMSE, and CA values for both the calibration and validation stages, followed by kriging and spline, respectively. We also provided monthly and annual BF and BFI maps to benefit water resource management
Conversion of post-socialist agricultural premises as a chance for renewable energy production. Photovoltaics or biogas plants?
Get PDFWe aim to contribute to in-depth comprehension of the factors and preferences behind the reuses of large-scale underused or abandoned former collective farms from the 1950s–1980s for biogas plants and solar photovoltaic power plants. As a case study, three regions in the southern part of the Czech Republic have been selected. Our findings signal that the residents’ attitudes towards the mentioned energy sources are rather negative. Similarly, farmers’ interest in photovoltaic power plants is low. More interest has been detected in the case of biogas production; this is especially true for large agricultural companies and farmers, who own underused or abandoned premises. Biogas plants are frequently located in agricultural areas with warmer or just slightly colder climates as a consequence of the potential to process locally grown maize. On the other hand, photovoltaic power plants are found on more fertile plains with high levels of insolation, but, surprisingly, also in mountain regions which typically have low emissions. Both renewable energy solutions were found to be problematic as there is strong opposition to both types of installations among local inhabitants. This indicates the need for “soft” forms of planning. Stakeholder engagement and inclusive participation in all phases of the planning process are essential requirements for arriving at the best possible outcomes for the new renewable energy solutions and their acceptance by the public
Contemporary family policy in South Korea : towards the increase of fertility
Get PDFThe paper focuses on the assessment of how
effective the Korean government’s actions taken
to increase the fertility rate are. South Korea is
a country with a very low fertility rate which is
below the replacement level. This demographic
situation causes the ageing of the Korean
population. The paper shows the contemporary
family policy, the analysis of sociodemographic
indicators and the analysis based on the data
from the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women
and Families in the two periods of time: in 2007
and 2018, in order to show changes in the fertility
intentions among the Korean women – in the
sociological perspective. The statistical analysis
indicates that the majority of the respondents
had no intentions of having children. The results
indicate that the Korean government’s actions
are not sufficient to create an environment
supporting the family in fertility intentions and behaviour, which is reflected in the continued low
fertility rate. Artykuł koncentruje się na ocenie skuteczności
działań rządu koreańskiego na rzecz zwiększenia
dzietności. Korea Południowa to kraj o bardzo
niskim współczynniku dzietności, który znajduje
się poniżej poziomu zastępowalności pokoleń. Ta
sytuacja demograficzna powoduje starzenie się
społeczeństwa Korei. W celu wykazania zmian
intencji dzietności wśród Koreanek w perspektywie
socjologicznej w artykule przedstawiono
współczesną politykę rodzinną, analizę wskaźników
socjodemograficznych oraz analizę opartą na
danych z Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women
and Families w dwóch okresach: 2007 i 2018.
Analiza statystyczna wskazuje, że w większości
respondenci nie mieli intencji posiadania
dzieci. Wyniki wskazują, że działania rządu
koreańskiego nie są wystarczające do stworzenia
środowiska wspierającego rodzinę w intencjach
i zachowaniach związanych z dzietnością, co znajduje odzwierciedlenie w utrzymującym się
na niskim poziomie współczynniku dzietności
Petr Jokeš, Czesi. Przewodnik po historii narodu i państwa, Kraków: Avalon, 2020, ss. 416.
Get PDFOpiniowana książka nie jest typową pracą naukową (choć napisaną przez naukowca).
Jest skierowana do szerokiego grona odbiorców i takie było jej założenie od
samego początku. Autor odpowiada na oczekiwanie tysięcy miłośników Czech w Polsce,
którzy – interesując się Republiką Czeską, jej językiem, kulturą czy dziejami – nie
mieli do tej pory możliwości poznać tych ostatnich. Tu natomiast dostają kompleksowe
opracowanie (acz w pigułce) historii napisanej przez Czecha (a właściwie Morawianina),
mieszkającego od lat w Polsce. Petr Jokeš jest idealnym autorem dla tego
typu pracy. Historyk z wyksztalcenia, znawca i miłośnik języków, nie tylko słowiańskich
(zna także bowiem m.in. węgierski), mieszkaniec Polski z wyboru, indagowany
– jak sam pisze – przez rodzinę w celu wyjaśnienia Polakom wielu niejasności
w historii Czech, zabrał się w końcu za opisanie dziejów swego narodu dla odbiorcy
polskiego. Powstała z tego omawiana książka, w której każdy miłośnik kraju nad
Wełtawą znajdzie mnóstwo ciekawych informacji, pisanych zajmującym językiem,
niepozbawionym – co ważne – specyficznego czeskiego humoru [...]. Recenzja książki: Czesi : przewodnik po historii narodu i państwa / Petr Jokeš. - Kraków : Avalon, copyright 2020
Minimum query set for decision tree construction
Get PDFA new two-stage method for the construction of a decision tree is developed. The first stage is based on the definition of a minimum query set, which is the smallest set of attribute-value pairs for which any two objects can be distinguished. To obtain this set, an appropriate linear programming model is proposed. The queries from this set are building blocks of the second stage in which we try to find an optimal decision tree using a genetic algorithm. In a series of experiments, we show that for some databases, our approach should be considered as an alternative method to classical ones (CART, C4.5) and other heuristic approaches in terms of classification quality
Pandemic Automobility. Patterns of Crisis and Opportunity in the American Motor Culture
Get PDFThis article traces the recursive character of automobility from a perspective of cultural crises and traumas that accompany motor culture development in the USA. The American automobility system has been caught in the treadmill of ideological criticism that defined the current role of motor vehicles in forms of political activism and cultural criticism. The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic is different as it seems to bring restoration to the original character of motor culture with its defining features of individualism, freedom, and opportunity achieved through mobility
Measurement report: Spatial variations in ionic chemistry and water-stable isotopes in the snowpack on glaciers across Svalbard during the 2015–2016 snow accumulation season
Get PDFThe Svalbard archipelago, located at the Arctic sea-ice edge between 74 and 81◦ N, is ∼ 60 % covered by glaciers. The region experiences rapid variations in atmo-spheric flow during the snow season (from late September to May) and can be affected by air advected from both lower and higher latitudes, which likely impact the chemical com-position of snowfall. While long-term changes in Svalbard snow chemistry have been documented in ice cores drilled from two high-elevation glaciers, the spatial variability of the snowpack composition across Svalbard is comparatively poorly understood. Here, we report the results of the most comprehensive seasonal snow chemistry survey to date, car-ried out in April 2016 across 22 sites on seven glaciers across the archipelago. At each glacier, three snowpits were sampled along the altitudinal profiles and the collected samples were analysed for major ions (Ca2+, K+, Na+, Mg2+, NH , SO24−, Br−, Cl−, and NO ) and stable water isotopes (δ18O, δ2H). The main aims were to investigate the natural and an-thropogenic processes influencing the snowpack and to bet-ter understand the influence of atmospheric aerosol trans-port and deposition patterns on the snow chemical compo-sition. The snow deposited in the southern region of Sval-bard is characterized by the highest total ionic loads, mainly attributed to sea-salt particles. Both NO and NH in the seasonal snowpack reflect secondary aerosol formation and post-depositional changes, resulting in very different spatial deposition patterns: NO has its highest loading in north-western Spitsbergen and NH in the south-west. The Br−enrichment in snow is highest in north-eastern glacier sites closest to areas of extensive sea-ice coverage. Spatial corre-lation patterns between Na+ and δ18O suggest that the influ-ence of long-range transport of aerosols on snow chemistry is proportionally greater above 600–700 m a.s.l
Spatiotemporal analysis of elastic and inelastic deformations in roof-rocks from seismological observations
Get PDFThe spatiotemporal analysis of seismic zones characterised by the scattering and accumulation of strain energy in the roof-rocks of the excavated longwall panel where inelastic or elastic deformations occurred during hard coal seam mining is discussed. The studied longwall panel was designed to utilize the effect of partial stress relaxation caused by the earlier extraction of the coal seams located above. A full seismic moment tensor and spectral source parameter analyses were used to obtain information about the degree of inelastic and elastic coseismic deformations. This study also showed that these deformation changes correspond to variation in the Benioff strain release characteristics. Next, analyses of deformation zones were compared with the relationship between radiated energy and the excavated volume of rocks per month. The concept of balanced seismic energy release assumed the exponential increase of released seismic energy with the increase in the volume of excavated rock. Discrepancies between the observed and predicted radiated energies indicated that strain energy in selected zones in the rock mass was either scattered if the prediction was overestimated, or accumulated if underestimated. Moreover, the study showed that elastic deformation in one zone can lead to inelastic deformation in the same zone