Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Śląskiego RE-BUŚ
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Administration of the Estate under Regulation (EU) No. 650/2012
No full textIn the period between the deceased person's death and division of assets in the deceased person's estate among the heirs, an essential matter is administration of the estate. Persons exercising such administration should have adequate competences allowing them to perform factual and legal acts in relation to assets in the succession estate. The range of such persons and the scope of their competences differ in specific Member States of the EU. The law applicable to the administration of the estate, as well as other matters relating to succession, is currently designated by the Regulation (EU) No. 650/2012. This article is devoted to an analysis of the provisions of that Regulation on the administration of the estate. In addition, the article discusses the issue of qualifying the institution of succession administration as applicable in Poland with regard to an enterprise belonging to the succession estate. As a result of the investigations made, it can be concluded that administration of the estate is governed by the law applicable to the entirety of succession matters (lex successionis). This is the case also in respect of the succession administration recently introduced in Poland. Grounds for a different treatment of the succession administration cannot be found in Art. 30 of Regulation (EU) No. 650/2012
Reflections on some universal processes leading to changes in languages round the world
No full textZmiana jest naturalnym procesem doświadczanym praktycznie przez wszystko, co istnieje w fizycznym świecie. Zatem spostrzeżenie to dotyczy również wszystkich języków, które bez wyjątku nieustannie podlegają uniwersalnym procesom zmian, często prowadzących do różnego rodzaju nieregularności. Niektórymi z tych procesów są umlaut (przegłos), harmonia samogłoskowa, lenicja i gramatykalizacja. Jeśli chodzi o ten pierwszy, nazywany również mutacją samogłoskową, występuje on zwłaszcza w językach germańskich, takich jak: angielski, szwedzki i niemiecki. Odwrotnym procesem jest harmonia samogłoskowa, którą można zna-leźć w języku fińskim, tureckim czy suahili. Jeśli chodzi o lenicję, nazywaną również osłabieniem, spotkać możemy ją chociażby w polskim, niemieckim i irlandzkim. Wydaje się, że takim najpopularniejszym procesem zmiany językowej jest gramatykalizacja, prowadząca do rozwoju gramatyki, bowiem dotyczy ona w zasadzie wszystkich języków naturalnych, w tym bałkańskich. W niniejszym artykule omówieniu podlegają wybrane aspekty następujących języków: angielskiego, niemieckiego, szwedzkiego, łaciny, hiszpańskiego, francuskiego, arabskiego, polskiego, serbskiego, macedońskiego, rumuńskiego, greckiego, fińskiego i tok pisin
Rola wiedzy o zdrowiu w ochronie dzieci i młodzieży przed zagrożeniami zdrowotnymi w kontekście pandemii COVID-19
No full textGovernments all over the world have taken unparalleled measures to combat the spread of the coronavirus.
Severe restrictions have been imposed, reducing face-to-face contact where possible. This
situation seems to be particularly acute for children and youth, who may not understand the orders
and bans. Many studies analyzed in this paper have provided evidence that children’s and adolescents’
health has been negatively affected within the last months due to school closures and the need
for social and physical distancing because of the coronavirus. Adults should be aware of children’s
and adolescents’ difficulties and support them during this unique time. In the face of serious threats
currently emerging due to COVID-19, health promotion is essential, as people regain control of their
health, protect themselves and manage the potential consequences of the disease. The schools are
faced with a huge task of promoting health, preparing students to cope with difficult and uncertain
situations, including strengthening their health literacy. Health literacy, which is a set of skills, varies
from individual to individual, which means that interventions in this area should focus on improving
people’s skills and capacities through educational activities, discussed in this article
Methane Emissions and Hard Coal Production in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Relation to the Greenhouse Effect Increase in Poland in 1994-2018
No full textThe Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) is the largest coal basin in Poland and one of the largest in Europe. It is the most industrialised region in the country. The main natural source of energy is hard coal, which was produced by 65 mines in the early nineties. The USCB geology is very diverse and not homoge-neous. Coal deposits situated in the central, southern, and western regions are mostly covered by impermea-ble Miocene deposits, which helped methane (CH4) to accumulate in the past. Methane is one of the most dangerous natural hazards in Polish underground mining because it is an explosive gas. CH4 is also the sec-ond strongest greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide, but its radiative power is 20–25 times stronger than the radiative power of CO2. Polish coal mines release 470 thousand Mg (average) of CH4 yearly and it contrib-utes to the greenhouse effect increase. Year after year, Upper Silesian coal mines are going to extract hard coal from deeper seams where the methane content in coal seams is much higher. To keep workers safe, CH4 needs to be captured and released to the open-air atmosphere or used in the power and heat production
Wyprawa na Górę Maslowa : rozważania o procesie wychowania
No full textThe present book entitled The Expedition to Maslow’s Mountain is a proposal
for a reflection on upbringing theory. In the intention of the author,
the foundation of the vision of upbringing presented in the monograph is
personalism, i.e. the understanding of human being as a person who develops
by acting through truth, goodness and beauty. Nevertheless, the axis of the
narrative is the self-actualization as introduced by Abraham Maslow and
his hierarchy of needs, allegorically imagined as a mountain – “Maslow’s
Mountain”. The metaphor of the “Maslow’s Mountain” allowed the author to
outline the differences in anthropocentric and axiocentric perception of the
phenomenon of upbringing. Both of these ways of thinking, present in the
educators involved, are mistakenly considered to be equally attractive and
often the same, which affects the practice of upbringing. In order to outline
the differences, an analysis of texts presenting both perceptions has been used.
We will find here references to the works of Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers
or Charlotte Buchler, as well as Karol Wojtyła, Victor Frankl, Alan Bloom
or William Killpatrick. Humanists, thanks to their different view of man
(the opposite of the one exposed in e.g. psychoanalysis and behaviouralism),
evoked such categories as identity, crossing the “ego”, autonomy, love, creativity,
responsibility, spiritual values. Personalism and existentialism also indicate
the uniqueness of the human individual, the need to explore his or her
worldview and further develop his or her personality, referring to humanistic
categories: autonomy, identity and self-fulfilment. However, these concepts
are not always understood as identical. And a different interpretation of the
mentioned notions has at the same time different pedagogical implications,
thus creating a different foundation for the pedagogy created on its basis.
In turn, all the exemplifications of differences resulting from the adopted
perspective and relevant to the course of the upbringing process – presented
in the publication – come from a study of biographies of well-known people
whose lives have been verified in some way through multilateral insight.
These characters include Charlotte Bronte, Edith Stein, Alan Alexander
Milne, Jean Vanier and Stacey Bess. The study of life in its nature reveals certain conditions or regularities, which at the same time are an example of
educational and self-educational necessities.
The book consists of an introduction, nine chapters and a conclusion, with
the following titles: Reflection for a start, about the genesis of the Maslow’s
Mountain metaphor; Reasons for reluctance to reach peaks; Self-actualization
in the prism of biography; Between being and duty, reflection on self-actualization;
Meaning of upbringing to effort for the process of self-actualization; Love
and self-realization; Teacher and upbringing in the perspective of pedagogical
culture; Working on oneself as a way to self-realization; Place of upbringing
and journey to the Mountain. In the course of the narrative, the author constructs
the thesis that it is difficult for a person to make exorbitant demands
on himself and considers their causes in the context of selected literature.
The concept of self-actualization in the prism of selected biographies is then
analysed. Particularly important in the course of the analysis is the definition
of differences in the understanding of the category of “being more” in
two approaches: Abraham Maslow’s and Karol Wojtyła’s. The distinction of
understandings is important to indicate differentia specifica of the anthropocentric
and axiocentric perspective. In the following chapters, from the
point of view of the previously mentioned differences, the author attempts to
outline the significance in the process of upbringing of such phenomena as
educational awareness, love in the relationship between the educator and the
pupil, will and work on oneself as a way to self-realization, place as a space
for upbringing.
In conclusion, the author shows that a person undertaking climbing the
Mountain exceeds his or her abilities by opening up to the perspective of values,
which at the same time opens up the person to meaning. Going beyond
oneself makes man more and more what she/he can become. The book is an
example of value-oriented pedagogy – pedagogy based on the support and
empowerment of young people. The considerations in the following chapters
can be a source of reflection on the contemporary upbringing process. The
attempt to engage in dialogue with the reader in the course of the narrative
makes it necessary for the reader to formulate the final answers himself
Leksyka budowlana w "Słowniku polszczyzny XVI wieku"
No full textThe article contains the results of preliminary research on the Polish construction
vocabulary based on the material from Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku
[The Dictionary of the 16th Century Polish Language] (up to volume 37 and taking
into account the material from the Dictionary of the 16th Century Polish Language
File). The author continues the research on construction vocabulary in
the Middle Ages, started earlier, showing the resources of the Middle Poland
against the background of the material culture of the era. By classifying the
collected material, which is 660 words, the following groups have been distinguished:
names of construction objects and their parts, construction elements,
construction activities, contractors of activities, names of construction materials
and tools. The Old and Middle Polish construction vocabulary allows the author
to draw conclusions about the processes taking place in this part of the lexis that have had a significant impact on the multiplication and nature of technical
vocabulary resources. The article discusses the creation of neologisms, semantic
shifts and neosemantization as well as borrowing words from German, Latin
and Italian
Post-1980s shift in the sensitivity of tundra vegetation to climate revealed by the first dendrochronological record from Bear Island (Bjørnøya), western Barents Sea
Get PDFTundra vegetation dynamics are an excellent indicator of Arctic climate change. In many places in
the Arctic, greening of tundra has been observed since the 1980s due to rapid increases in
temperature. However, in some areas the opposite process has taken place in connection with a
reduction in biomass production. The spatial patterns of tundra ‘greening’ and ‘browning’
constitute important issues in the contemporary analysis of polar ecosystems. The aim of our study
was to assess recent tundra vegetation dynamics on the basis of changes in annual growth ring
widths of the polar willow. Bjørnøya (Bear Island), located in the western part of the Barents Sea is
an important site in the transition zone between the high and low Arctic. No dendrochronological
studies have been conducted to date due to the island’s isolation, which makes access very difficult.
In 2012 and 2016, 43 samples of Salix polaris Wahlenb. were taken from the south-eastern part of
Bear Island. An average chronology of the 29 most closely correlated measurement series was then
compiled, covering 95 years (1922–2016); however, the time span 1946–2016 was used for the
climate-growth analysis. Beginning in the mid-1980s, an increase in the width of annual
increments was observed, whereas over the last decade (since 2005) the growth rate has declined
rapidly. Simple correlation analyses showed that temperatures in spring and summer had the
positive influence on the radial growth of the polar willow; however, the results of the moving
correlation analysis made it possible to conclude that this relationship is more complex and
time-dependent. Sensitivity of radial growth to temperature was strongest in the years
1955–2005, whereas the decrease in the strength of positive correlation with temperature since
2005 has been accompanied by a significant increase in the importance of summer
precipitation
General neutrino mass spectrum and mixing properties in seesaw mechanisms
Get PDFNeutrinos stand out among the elementary particles because of their unusually small masses. Various
seesaw mechanisms attempt to explain this fact. In this work, applying insights from matrix theory, we are in a position
to treat variants of seesaw mechanisms in a general manner. Specifically, using Weyl's inequalities, we discuss
and rigorously prove under which conditions the seesaw framework leads to a mass spectrum with exactly three light
neutrinos. We find an estimate of the mass of heavy neutrinos to be the mass obtained by neglecting light neutrinos,
shifted at most by the maximal strength of the coupling to the light neutrino sector. We provide analytical conditions
allowing one to prescribe that precisely two out of five neutrinos are heavy. For higher-dimensional cases the inverse
eigenvalue methods are used. In particular, for the CP-invariant scenarios we show that if the neutrino sector
has a valid mass matrix after neglecting the light ones, i.e. if the respective mass submatrix is positive definite, then
large masses are provided by matrices with large elements accumulated on the diagonal. Finally, the Davis-Kahan
theorem is used to show how masses affect the rotation of light neutrino eigenvectors from the standard Euclidean
basis. This general observation concerning neutrino mixing, together with results on the mass spectrum properties,
opens directions for further neutrino physics studies using matrix analysis
Assessment of the Kernel Gram Matrix Representation of Data in Order to Avoid the Alignment of Chromatographic Signals
Get PDFThis article discusses the possibility of exploratory data analysis of samples described by
second-order chromatographic data affected by peak shifts. In particular, the potential of the kernel
Gram matrix representation as an alternative to the necessary and time-consuming alignment step is
evaluated. It was demonstrated through several simulation studies and comparisons that even small
peak shifts can be a substantial source of data variance, and they can easily hamper the interpretation
of chromatographic data. When peak shifts are small, their negative effect is far more destructive
than the impact of relatively large levels of the Gaussian noise, heteroscedastic noise, and signal’s
baseline. The Gram principal component analysis approach has proven to be a well-suited tool for
exploratory analysis of chromatographic signals collected using the diode-array detector in which
sample-to-sample peak shifts were observed
Structural and photoluminescence investigations of Tb3+/Eu3+ codoped silicate sol-gel glass-ceramics containing CaF2 nanocrystals
Get PDFIn this work, the series of Tb3+/Eu3+ co-doped xerogels and derivative glass-ceramics
containing CaF2 nanocrystals were prepared and characterized. The in situ formation of fluoride
crystals was verified by an X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy
(TEM). The studies of the Tb3+/Eu3+ energy transfer (ET) process were performed based on excitation
and emission spectra along with luminescence decay analysis. According to emission spectra
recorded under near-ultraviolet (NUV) excitation (351 nm, 7F6 ! 5L9 transition of Tb3+), the mutual
coexistence of the 5D4 ! 7FJ (J = 6–3) (Tb3+) and the 5D0 ! 7FJ (J = 0–4) (Eu3+) luminescence bands
was clearly observed. The co-doping also resulted in gradual shortening of a lifetime from the
5D4 state of Tb3+ ions, and the ET efficiencies were varied from ET = 11.9% (Tb3+:Eu3+ = 1:0.5)
to ET = 22.9% (Tb3+:Eu3+ = 1:2) for xerogels, and from ET = 25.7% (Tb3+:Eu3+ = 1:0.5) up to
ET = 67.4% (Tb3+:Eu3+ = 1:2) for glass-ceramics. Performed decay analysis from the 5D0 (Eu3+) and
the 5D4 (Tb3+) state revealed a correlation with the change in Tb3+–Eu3+ and Eu3+–Eu3+ interionic
distances resulting from both the variable Tb3+:Eu3+ molar ratio and their partial segregation in CaF2
nanophase