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Comparative actualistic study hints at origins of alleged Miocene “coprolites” of Poland (supplementary movie : Tomographic animation of Miocene coprolite from Turów.avi)
Get PDFExcrement-shaped siderite masseshave been the subject of much controversy. They have been variously interpreted either as being coprolites, cololithes or pseudofossils created by mechanical deformation of plastic sediment. Here we reportexcrement-shaped ferruginous masses recovered from the Miocene of Turów mine in south-western Poland.
Results of mineralogical, geochemical, petrographic and microtomographical analyses indicate that these masses consist of siderite and iron oxide rather than phosphate, and rarely contain recognizable food residues, which may suggest abiotic origins of these structures. On the other hand, evidence in support of a fecal origin include: (i) the presence of two distinct morphotypes differing in size and shape, (ii) the limited quantity of specimens, (iii) the presence of rare hair-like structures or coalified inclusions and (iv) the presence of rare fine striations on the surface. Importantly, comparative actualistic study of Recent vertebrate feces shows overall resemblance of the first morphotype (sausage-shaped with rare coalified debris) to excrements of testudinoid turtles (Testudinoidea), whose shell fragment was found in the investigated locality. The second morphotype (rounded to oval-shaped with hair-like structures), in turn, is similar to the feces of some snakes (Serpentes), the remains of which were noted in the Miocene of the neighborhood areas.This research Project is partially supported by the National Science Centre, Poland (www.ncn.gov.pl), Grant No. 2019/32/C/NZ4/00150
Social Justice and Solidarity in Agricultural Law (on the Example of Rural Development Support)
Get PDFThe aim of the article is to redefine the elements of the paradigm of agricultural law, as seen through the lens of the concepts of social justice and solidarity, as well as public goods and their role in agricultural law, using the example of laws that govern rural development support. These principles should be treated as an important determinant of a fair balancing of the general interest (common good) and the interests of the individual. It should be stated that Polish statutory regulations in the field of supporting rural areas and providing public goods by farmers, directly or indirectly, follow the axiological paradigm. The implementation of the idea of social justice and solidarity should also aim at the sustainable development of rural areas. Such an approach should be reflected in the rural development support system, which is based on the assumption that production support for farms should be accompanied by certain obligations imposed on entities managing agricultural land. It is also necessary to formulate a postulate that the law of rural development should stimulate pro-environmental and pro-social attitudes
Wolna wola jako przejaw świadomości – perspektywa biologiczna
No full text"Problem istnienia wolnej woli może się wydawać wydumany, ponieważ powszechne
jest potoczne przekonanie, że poza – być może – przypadkami niektórych poważnych
zaburzeń neurologicznych i chorób psychicznych, ograniczających poczytalność, człowiek
dysponuje wolną wolą, czego wymownym wyrazem są podnoszone w różnych kontekstach,
tak w wymiarze indywidualnym, jak i zbiorowym, hasła
o wolności. Na tym przekonaniu opiera się także
kwestia podmiotowej odpowiedzialności w prawie
karnym (Marek 2003). Pomimo potocznej
oczywistości problem wolności woli
przewijał się przez wszystkie systemy
religijne, koncepcje fi lozofi czne i teorie
społeczne na przestrzeni wieków,
a rezultatem tych dociekań, opartych
na subiektywnej introspekcji, jest cała
paleta poglądów osadzonych pomiędzy
dwoma skrajnościami – fatalizmem stoików
a nieuniknioną wolnością egzystencjalistów." (fragm.
Memetyka w dydaktyce ewolucyjnej
Get PDF"Narodziny teorii memetycznej, na której budowana jest koncepcja dydaktyki
ewolucyjnej, pozostają w związku z ogłoszoną w 1976 roku pracą biologa Richarda Dawkinsa
Samolubny gen (The Selfi sh Gene; Dawkins 1996). Rozważając przebieg procesów
ewolucyjnych, Dawkins zwrócił w niej uwagę na fakt, że wbrew dotychczas obowiązującym
przekonaniom o tym, że dobór naturalny widzi osobniki (a więc fenotypowe ekspresje genów),
w istocie działa on już na znacznie niższym, bo molekularnym poziomie nośników
informacji biologicznej, czyli na poziomie genów. Tym samym uznał on gen, określany mianem
replikatora generatywnego, za najmniejszą jednostkę ewolucji, a jednocześnie przyjął,
że główną cechą genu – podobnie jak innych możliwych do pomyślenia replikatorów –
jest tendencja do gwarantującej mu przetrwanie autoreplikacji, co można postrzegać jako
swoistą samolubność. Pomińmy szeroką dyskusję, jaka za sprawą tak redukcjonistycznego
podejścia do procesów ewolucyjnych rozgorzała wśród biologów ewolucyjnych. W tym
miejscu najważniejsze jest, że w swej pracy Dawkins pokusił się także o namysł nad kulturą
i jej replikatorami/molekułami, uznając, iż dobór darwinowski, o ile teoria ewolucji
ma sens, musi oddziaływać na każdy rodzaj informacji istniejącej we wszechświecie,
a więc także na przykład informacji kulturowej. Dawkins przyjął, iż w sferze kultury istnieją
jakieś jednostki doboru działające podobnie do replikatorów generatywnych i przez analogię
do genu nazwał je meme (mem), odnosząc się do greckiego rdzenia mimesis (naśladownictwo),
angielskiego memory (pamięć) oraz francuskiego le même (taki sam). „Tak jak
geny rozprzestrzeniają się w puli genowej, przeskakując z ciała do ciała za pośrednictwem
plemników i jaj, tak memy propagują się w puli memów, przeskakując z jednego mózgu do drugiego w procesie szeroko rozumianego naśladownictwa” (Dawkins 1996: 267) – stwierdził,
powołując tym samym do życia memetykę – ogólną teorię dziedziczności kulturowej." (fragm.
Synthesis and applications of [60]fullerene nanoconjugate with 5- aminolevulinic acid and its glycoconjugate as drug delivery vehicles
Get PDFThe 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) prodrug is widely used in clinical applications, primarily for skin cancer
treatments and to visualize brain tumors in neurosurgery. Unfortunately, its applications are limited by
unfavorable pharmacological properties, especially low lipophilicity; therefore, efficient nanovehicles are
needed. For this purpose, we synthesized and characterized two novel water-soluble fullerene
nanomaterials containing 5-ALA and D-glucuronic acid components. Their physicochemical properties
were investigated using NMR, XPS, ESI mass spectrometry, as well as TEM and SEM techniques. In
addition, HPLC and fluorescence measurements were performed to evaluate the biological activity of
the fullerene nanomaterials in 5-ALA delivery and photodynamic therapy (PDT); additional detection of
selected mRNA targets was carried out using the qRT-PCR methodology. The cellular response to the
[60]fullerene conjugates resulted in increased levels of ABCG2 and PEPT-1 genes, as determined by
qRT-PCR analysis. Therefore, we designed a combination PDT approach based on two fullerene
materials, C60-ALA and C60-ALA-GA, along with the ABCG2 inhibitor Ko143
Arabinogalactan Proteins in the Digestive Glands of Dionaea muscipula J.Ellis Traps
Get PDFThe arabinogalactan proteins (AGP) play important roles in plant growth and developmental processes. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no information on the spatial distribution of AGP in the plant organs and tissues of carnivorous plants during their carnivorous cycle. The Dionaea muscipula trap forms an “external stomach” and is equipped with an effective digestive-absorbing system. Because its digestive glands are composed of specialized cells, the hypothesis that their cell walls are also very specialized in terms of their composition (AGP) compared to the cell wall of the trap epidermal and parenchyma cells was tested. Another aim of this study was to determine whether there is a spatio-temporal distribution of the AGP in the digestive glands during the secretory cycle of D. muscipula. Antibodies that act against AGPs, including JIM8, JIM13 and JIM14, were used. The localization of the examined compounds was determined using immunohistochemistry techniques and immunogold labeling. In both the un-fed and fed traps, there was an accumulation of AGP in the cell walls of the gland secretory cells. The epitope, which is recognized by JIM14, was a useful marker of the digestive glands. The secretory cells of the D. muscipula digestive glands are transfer cells and an accumulation of specific AGP was at the site where the cell wall labyrinth occurred. Immunogold labeling confirmed an occurrence of AGP in the cell wall ingrowths. There were differences in the AGP occurrence (labeled with JIM8 and JIM13) in the cell walls of the gland secretory cells between the unfed and fed traps
Biochemical, Structural Analysis, and Docking Studies of Spiropyrazoline Derivatives
No full textIn this study, we evaluated the antiproliferative potential, DNA damage, crystal structures,
and docking calculation of two spiropyrazoline derivatives. The main focus of the research
was to evaluate the antiproliferative potential of synthesized compounds towards eight cancer cell
lines. Compound I demonstrated promising antiproliferative properties, especially toward the
HL60 cell line, for which IC50 was equal to 9.4 μM/L. The analysis of DNA damage by the comet
assay showed that compound II caused DNA damage to tumor lineage cells to a greater extent than
compound I. The level of damage to tumor cells of the HEC‐1‐A lineage was 23%. The determination
of apoptotic and necrotic cell fractions by fluorescence microscopy indicated that cells treated with
spiropyrazoline‐based analogues were entering the early phase of programmed cell death. Compounds
I and II depolarized the mitochondrial membranes of cancer cells. Furthermore, we performed
simple docking calculations, which indicated that the obtained compounds are able to bind
to the PARP1 active site, at least theoretically (the free energy of binding values for compound I and
II were −9.7 and 8.7 kcal mol−1, respectively). In silico studies of the influence of the studied compounds
on PARP1 were confirmed in vitro with the use of eight cancer cell lines. The degradation
of the PARP1 enzyme was observed, with compound I characterized by a higher protein degradation
activity
A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textCo-authors: Nicole Legate, Thuy-vy Ngyuen, Netta Weinstein, Arlen Moller, Lisa Legault, Zahir Vally, Zuzanna Tajchman, Andras N. Zsido, Miha Zrimsek, Zhang Chen, Ignazio Ziano, Zoi Gialitaki, Chris D. Ceary, Yuna Jang, Yijun Lin, Yoshihiko Kunisato, Yuki Yamada, Qinyu Xiao, Xiaoming Jiang, Xinkai Du, Elvin Yao, William S. Ryan, John Paul Wilson, Wilson Cyrus-Lai, William Jimenez-Leal, Wilbert Law, Wenceslao Unanue, W. Matthew Collins, Karley L. Richard, Marek Vranka, Vladislav Ankushev, Vidar Schei, Chloe DePaola, Veronika Lerche, Vanja Kovic, Valerija Križanić, Veselina Hristova Kadreva, Vera Cubela Adoric, Ulrich S. Tran, Siu Kit Yeung, Widad Hassan, Ralph Houston, Michael A. Machin, Tiago J. S. Lima, Thomas Ostermann, Thomas Frizzo, Therese E. Sverdrup, Thea House, Tripat Gill, Maksim Fedotov, Tamar Paltrow, Teodor Jernsäther, Tasnim Rahman, Tanya Machin, Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Thomas J. Hostler, Tatsunori Ishii, Barnabas Szaszi, Sylwia Adamus, Lilian Suter, Suparpit M. von Bormann, Sumaiya Habib, Anna Studzinska, Dragana Stojanovska, Steve M. J. Janssen, Stefan Stieger, Stefan E. Schulenberg, Srinivasan Tatachari, Soufian Azouaghe, Piotr Sorokowski, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Xin Song, Sofie Morbée, Savannah Lewis, Sladjana Sinkolova, Dmitry Grigoryev, Shira Meir Drexler, Shimrit Daches, Shelby L. Levine, Shawn N. Geniole, Shahunur Akter, Selena Vračar, Sébastien Massoni, Sebastiano Costa, Saša Zorjan, Eylul Sarioguz, Sara Morales Izquierdo, Sarah Suzette Tshonda, Sara G. Alves, Sara Pöntinen, Sara Álvarez Solas, Santiago Ordoñez-Riaño, Sanja Batić Očovaj, Sandersan Onie, Samuel Lins, Theresa Biberauer, Sami Çoksan, Sakda Khumkom, Asli Sacakli, Susana Ruiz-Fernández, Sandra J. Geiger, Saeideh FatahModares, Radoslaw B. Walczak, Ruben Betlehem, Roosevelt Vilar, Rodrigo A. Cárcamo, Robert M. Ross, Randy McCarthy, Tonia Ballantyne, Erin C. Westgate, Richard M. Ryan, Rafael Gargurevich, Reza Afhami, Dongning Ren, Renan P. Monteiro, Ulf-Dietrich Reips, Niv Reggev, Robert J. Calin-Jageman, Razieh Pourafshari, Raquel Oliveira, Mina Nedelcheva-Datsova, Rima-Maria Rahal, Rafael R. Ribeiro, Theda Radtke, Rachel Searston, Rachadaporn Jai-ai, Redeate Habte, Przemysław Zdybek, Sau-Chin Chen, Piyaorn Wajanatinapart, Princess Lovella G. Maturan, Jennifer T. Perillo, Peder Mortvedt Isager, Pavol Kačmár, Paulo Manuel Macapagal, Michael R. Maniaci, Paulina Szwed, Paul H. P. Hanel, Paul A. G. Forbes, Patricia Arriaga, Bastien Paris, Neha Parashar, Konstantinos Papachristopoulos, Pablo Sebastián Correa, Ondřej Kácha, Márcia Bernardo, Olatz Campos, Olalla Niño Bravo, Oscar J. Galindo-Caballero, Chisom Esther Ogbonnaya, Olga Bialobrzeska, Natalia Kiselnikova, Nicolle Simonovic, Noga Cohen, Nora L. Nock, Alejandrina Hernandez, Cecilie Thogersen-Ntoumani, Nikos Ntoumanis, Niklas Johannes, Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir, Nicolas Say, Andreas B. Neubauer, Neil I. Martin, Neil Levy, Nathan Torunsky, Natasha van Antwerpen, Natalia Van Doren, Naoyuki Sunami, Nikolay R. Rachev, Nadyanna M. Majeed, Nadya-Daniela Schmidt, Khaoula Nadif, Nadia S. Corral-Frías, Nihal Ouherrou, Nida Abbas, Myrto Pantazi, Marc Y. Lucas, Martin R. Vasilev, María Victoria Ortiz, Muhammad Mussaffa Butt, Murathan Kurfalı, Muhib Kabir, Rafał Muda, Miroslav Sirota, Martin Seehuus, Michal Parzuchowski, Mónica Toro, Monika Hricova, Mónica Alarcón Maldonado, Panagiotis Rentzelas, Maarten Vansteenkiste, Molly A. Metz, Magdalena Marszalek, Maria Karekla, Giovanna Mioni, Minke Jasmijn Bosma, Minja Westerlund, Milica Vdovic, Michal Bialek, Miguel A. Silan, Michele Anne, Michal Misiak, Maria C. Gugliandolo, Maurice Grinberg, Mariagrazia Capizzi, Mauricio F. Espinoza Barría, Merve A. Kurfali, Michael C. Mensink, Mikayel Harutyunyan, Meetu Khosla, Megan R. Dunn, Max Korbmacher, Matúš Adamkovič, Matheus Fernando Felix Ribeiro, Maria Terskova, Matej Hruška, Marcel Martončik, Martine Jansen, Martin Voracek, Martin Čadek, Martha Frias-Armenta, Marta Kowal, Marta Topor, Marta Roczniewska, Marlies Oosterlinck, Markéta Braun Kohlová, Marina Sabristov, Marina Romanova, Marietta Papadatou-Pastou, Maria Louise Lund, Maria Antoniadi, Maria Elena Magrin, Marc V. Jones, Manyu Li, Mathi Manavalan, Abdumalik Muminov, Małgorzata Kossowska, Maja Friedemann, Magdalena Wielgus, Madelon L.M. van Hooff, Marco A. C. Varella, Martyn Standage, Matilde Nicolotti, Melissa F. Colloff, Maria Bradford, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Luis Eudave, Luc Vieira, Jackson G. Lu, Lina Maria Sanabria Pineda, Lennia Matos, Ljiljana B. Lazarevic, Lisa M. Jaremka, Eline Suzanne Smit, Elizaveta Kushnir, Lisa J. Ferguson, Lisa Anton-Boicuk, Gabriel Lins de Holanda Coelho, Lina Ahlgren, Francesca Liga, Carmel A. Levitan, Leticia Micheli, Lesley-Ann Gunton, Leonhard Volz, Marija Stojanovska, Leanne Boucher, Lara Samojlenko, Lady Grey Javela Delgado, Lada Kaliska, Labadi Beatrix, Lara Warmelink, Luis Miguel Rojas-Berscia, Karen Yu, Keith Wylie, Jakub Wachowicz, Kermeka Desai, Krystian Barzykowski, Luca Kozma, Kortnee Evans, Komila Kirgizova, Bamikole B. Emmanuel Agesin, Monica A. Koehn, Kelly Wolfe, Tatiana Korobova, Katherine Morris, Kristoffer Klevjer, Kevin van Schie, Kevin Vezirian, Kaja Damnjanović, Katrine Krabbe Thommesen, Kathleen Schmidt, Katarzyna Filip, Karolina Staniaszek, Karolina Grzech, Karlijn Hoyer, Karis Moon, Sirikon Khaobunmasiri, Kafeel Rana, Kristina Janjić, Jordan W. Suchow, Julita Kielińska, Julio E. Cruz Vásquez, Julien Chanal, Julia Beitner, Juan Camilo Vargas-Nieto, Jose Carlos T. Roxas, Jennifer Taber, Joan Urriago-Rayo, Jeffrey M. Pavlacic, Jozef Benka, Jozef Bavolar, José A. Soto, Jonas K. Olofsson, Johannes K. Vilsmeier, Johanna Messerschmidt, Johanna Czamanski-Cohen, Joachim Waterschoot, Jennifer D. Moss, Jordane Boudesseul, Jeong Min Lee, Julia Kamburidis, Jennifer A. Joy-Gaba, Janis Zickfeld, Jacob F. Miranda, Jeroen P. H. Verharen, Evgeniya Hristova, Julie E. Beshears, Jasna Milosevic Djordjevic, Jasmijn Bosch, Jaroslava Varella Valentova, Jan Antfolk, Jana B. Berkessel, Jana Schrötter, Jan Urban, Jan Philipp Röer, James O. Norton, Jaime R. Silva, Jade S. Pickering, Jáchym Vintr, Jim Uttley, Jonas R. Kunst, Izuchukwu L. G. Ndukaihe, Aishwarya Iyer, Iris Vilares, Aleksandr Ivanov, Ivan Ropovik, Isabela Sula, Irena Sarieva, Irem Metin-Orta, Irina Prusova, Isabel Pinto, Andreea Ioana Bozdoc, Inês A. T. Almeida, Ilse L. Pit, Ilker Dalgar, Ilya Zakharov, Azuka Ikechukwu Arinze, Keiko Ihaya, Ian D. Stephen, Biljana Gjoneska, Hilmar Brohmer, Heather Flowe, Hendrik Godbersen, Halil Emre Kocalar, Mattie V. Hedgebeth, Hu Chuan-Peng, MohammadHasan Sharifian, Harry Manley, Handan Akkas, Nandor Hajdu, Habiba Azab, Gwenael Kaminski, Gustav Nilsonne, Gulnaz Anjum, Giovanni A. Travaglino, Gilad Feldman, Gerit Pfuhl, Gabriela Czarnek, Gabriela Mariana Marcu, Gabriela Hofer, Gabriel Banik, Gabriel Agboola Adetula, Gijsbert Bijlstra, Frederick Verbruggen, Franki Y. H. Kung, Frank Martela, Francesco Foroni, Jacques Forest, Gage Singer, Fany Muchembled, Flavio Azevedo, Farnaz Mosannenzadeh, Evelina Marinova, Eva Štrukelj, Zahra Etebari, Emma L. Bradshaw, Ernest Baskin, Elkin Oswaldo Luis Garcia, Erica Musser, I.M.M. van Steenkiste, El Rim Ahn, Eleanor Quested, Ekaterina Pronizius, Emily A. Jackson, Efisio Manunta, Elena Agadullina, Dušana Šakan, Pinar Dursun, Olivier Dujols, Dmitrii Dubrov, Megan Willis, Murat Tümer, Jennifer L. Beaudry, Dora Popović, Daniel Dunleavy, Ikhlas Djamai, Dino Krupić, Dora Herrera, Diego Vega, Hongfei Du, Débora Mola, Desislava Chakarova, William E. Davis, Dawn Liu Holford, David M. G. Lewis, David C. Vaidis, Daphna Hausman Ozery, Danilo Zambrano Ricaurte, Daniel Storage, Daniela Sousa, Daniela Serrato Alvarez, Daniel Boller, Anna Dalla Rosa, Daliborka Dimova, Dajana Krupić, Dafne Marko, David Moreau, Crystal Reeck, Rita C. Correia, Cassie M. Whitt, Claus Lamm, Claudio Singh Solorzano, Claudia C. von Bastian, Clare AM Sutherland, Clara Overkott, Christopher L. Aberson, Chunhui Wang, Christopher P. Niemiec, Christiana Karashiali, Chris Noone, Faith Chiu, Chiara Picciocchi, Charlotte Brownlow, Cemre Karaarslan, Nicola Cellini, Celia Esteban-Serna, Cecilia Reyna, Cecilia Ferreyra, Carlota Batres, Ranran Li, Caterina Grano, Joelle Carpentier, Christian K. Tamnes, Cynthia H.Y. Fu, Byurakn Ishkhanyan, Lisa Bylinina, Bastian Jaeger, Carsten Bundt, Tara Bulut Allred, Branko J. Vermote, Ahmed Bokkour, Natalia Bogatyreva, Jiaxin Shi, William J. Chopik, Benedict Antazo, Behzad Behzadnia, Maja Becker, Manal M. Bayyat, Beatrice Cocco, Wei-Lun Chou, Vassilis Barkoukis, Barbora Hubena, Barbara Žuro, Balazs Aczel, Ekaterina Baklanova, Hui Bai, Busra Bahar Balci, Peter Babinčák, Bart Soenens, Barnaby James Wyld Dixson, Aviv Mokady, Heather Barry Kappes, Mohammad Atari, Anna Szala, Anna Szabelska, John Jamir Benzon Aruta, Artur Domurat, Nwadiogo Chisom Arinze, Arianna Modena, Arca Adiguzel, Arash Monajem, Kanza AIT EL ARABI, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Alex O. Rothbaum, Adriana Olaya Torres, Andriana Theodoropoulou, Anna Skowronek, Anita Penić Jurković, Anisha Singh, Angelos P. Kassianos, Andrej Findor, Andree Hartanto, Anais Thibault Landry, Ana Ferreira, Anabela Caetano Santos, Anabel De la Rosa-Gomez, Amélie Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Alexandria M. Luxon, Anna Louise Todsen, Alper Karababa, Allison Janak, Alice Pilato, Alexandre Bran, Alexa M. Tullett, Anna O. Kuzminska, Anthony J. Krafnick, Anum Urooj, Ahmed Khaoudi, Afroja Ahmed, Agata Groyecka-Bernard, Adrian Dahl Askelund, Adeyemi Adetula, Anabel Belaus, Abdelilah Ca Charyate, Aaron L. Wichman, Alina Stoyanova, Anna Greenburgh, Andrew G. Thomas, Alexios Arvanitis, Patrick S. Forscher, Peter R. Mallik, Nicholas A. Coles, Jeremy K. Miller, Hannah Moshontz, Heather L. Urry, Hans IJzerman, Dana M. Basnight-Brown, Charles R. Ebersole, Christopher R. Chartier, Erin M. Buchanan, Maximilian A. PrimbsCommunicating in ways that
motivate engagement in social
distancing remains a critical global
public health priority during the
COVID-19 pandemic. This study
tested motivational qualities of
messages about social distancing
(those that promoted choice and
agency vs. those that were
forceful and shaming) in 25,718
people in 89 countries. The
autonomy-supportive message
decreased feelings of defying
social distancing
recommendations relative to the
controllingmessage, and the
controllingmessage increased
controlled motivation, a less
effective formofmotivation,
relative to no message. Message
type did not impact intentions to
socially distance, but people’s
existing motivations were related
to intentions. Findings were
generalizable across a
geographically diverse sample and
may inform public health
communication strategies in this
and future global health
emergencies
Gaze. An In/Sight
No full textDesired and abhorred, wished for and fought against, protective and oppressive, surveillance is older than the hills. Since the times immemorial, humans would pray to all-seeing gods in hope that the immortals would watch over them and protect them against perils. Divine protection, however, has always come at a price. Irrespective of the religion, the promise of the deliverance from (variously construed) evil hinges upon the believer’s readiness to dutifully observe gods-given laws. Defiance, impossible to hide from the all-seeing eye, does not only strip one of the “protected” status—it also dooms one to (inevitable) punishment. Why then would anyone choose to transgress? Why not entrust oneself to surveillance if there is nothing sinister to hide? What could be wrong about abiding by the laws? Revisiting some of the essential notions of surveillance studies, this editorial proposes a shift from the concepts explored by Jeremy Bentham and Michel Foucault to Deleuzoguattarian, post-humanist, perspective on surveillance studies
Elevated light intensity compensates for nitrogen deficiency during chrysanthemum growth by improving water and nitrogen use efficiency
No full textIdentifying environmental factors that improve plant growth and development under nitrogen (N)
constraint is essential for sustainable greenhouse production. In the present study, the role of light
intensity and N concentrations on the biomass partitioning and physiology of chrysanthemum was
investigated. Four light intensities [75, 150, 300, and 600 μmol m− 2 s− 1 photosynthetic photon flux
density (PPFD)] and three N concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mM N L− 1) were used. Vegetative and
generative growth traits were improved by increase in PPFD and N concentration. High N supply
reduced stomatal size and gs in plants under lowest PPFD. Under low PPFD, the share of biomass
allocated to leaves and stem was higher than that of flower and roots while in plants grown under
high PPFD, the share of biomass allocated to flower and root outweighed that of allocated to leaves
and stem. As well, positive effects of high PPFD on chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, water use
efficiency (WUE), Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) were observed in N-deficient plants. Furthermore,
photosynthetic functionality improved by raise in PPFD. In conclusion, high PPFD reduced the adverse
effects of N deficiency by improving photosynthesis and stomatal functionality, NUE, WUE, and
directing biomass partitioning toward the floral organs