Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Śląskiego RE-BUŚ
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Pressure-induced liquid-liquid transition in a family of ionic materials
Get PDFLiquid−liquid transition (LLT) between two disordered phases of single-component material
remains one of the most intriguing physical phenomena. Here, we report a first-order LLT in a
series of ionic liquids containing trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium cation [P666,14]+ and
anions of different sizes and shapes, providing an insight into the structure-property relationships
governing LLT. In addition to calorimetric proof of LLT, we report that ion dynamics
exhibit anomalous behavior during the LLT, i.e., the conductivity relaxation times (τσ) are
dramatically elongated, and their distribution becomes broader. This peculiar behavior is
induced by isobaric cooling and isothermal compression, with the τσ(TLL,PLL) constant for a
given system. The latter observation proves that LLT, in analogy to liquid-glass transition, has
an isochronal character. Finally, the magnitude of discontinuity in a specific volume at LLT
was estimated using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation
The Perception of Urban Forests in Post-Mining Areas : a Case Study of Sosnowiec-Poland
Get PDFSustainable development policy emphasizes, among other things, the role of green areas in urban space. This remark applies in particular to post-industrial and post-mining cities. One of the elements of shaping the sustainable development of post-mining cities is that forests are often anthropogenic forest ecosystems growing in previously mining areas, one of the most characteristic elements of their spatial development. This article examines the role of urban forests in the post-mining area in Sosnowiec, located in the core of the Katowice conurbation in southern Poland. This article aimed to show the social perception of forests in post-mining areas among the local community and the features of urban forests. The social dimension of the interaction between humans and the environment is related to the issue of urban planning. Research was implemented based on quantitative, qualitative (CATI survey), and cartographic methods. The results indicate the significant role of forests in post-mining areas depending on their location in the settlement areas in a post-industrial city. The research emphasizes that residents perceive forests in post-mining areas of cities as an essential and expected recreational space. Notably, half of them do not see any threats therein. It is also expected that these areas will be better developed for recreational purposes in the future
Morphological, Histological and Ultrastructural Changes in Hordeum vulgare (L.) Roots That Have Been Exposed to Negatively Charged Gold Nanoparticles
Get PDFIn recent years, there has been an impressive development of nanotechnology. This has resulted in the increasing release of nanomaterials (NM) into the environment, thereby causing the risk of an uncontrolled impact on living organisms, including plants. More studies indicated the biotoxic effect of NM on plants, including crops. The interaction of nanoparticles (NP) with food crops is extremely important as they are a link to the food chain. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of negatively charged gold nanoparticles (-) AuNP (at two concentrations; 25 g/mL or 50g/mL) on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) root development. Morphological, histological and ultrastructural analyses (with the use of stereomicroscope, bright filed microscope and transmission electron microscope) revealed that regardless of the concentration, (-) AuNP did not enter into the plant body. However, the dose of (-) AuNP proved to be important for the plant’s response
because different morphological, histological and ultrastructural changes were observed in the treated
roots. The NP treatment caused: red root colouration, a local increase in the root diameter and a decreased formation of the root hair cells (on morphological level), damage to the rhizodermal cells, vacuolisation of the cortical cells, a detachment of the cell files between the cortical cells, atypical divisions of the cells, disorder of the meristem organisation (on the histological level), the appearance of periplasmic space, numerous vesicles and multivesicular bodies, electron-dense spots in cytoplasm, alterations in the structure of the mitochondria, breakdown of the tonoplast and the plasmalemma (on the ultrastructural level)
Idiomatyczność w ujęciu kultury, edukacji i wychowania. Artykuł recenzyjny książki Doroty Misiejuk: "Kontekst kulturowy wychowania. Wielokulturowość a standard społeczny stosunków międzykulturowych w perspektywie pedagogicznej"
Get PDF"Relacje między kulturą i edukacją, w tym edukacją międzykulturową, są bardzo złożone, niejednoznaczne, trudne do ogarnięcia w edukacyjnej i wychowawczej działalności. Wielostronny ogląd spraw związanych z tą problematyką znajduje wyraz w wielu publikacjach z zakresu pedagogiki (w tym pedagogiki kultury, pedagogiki międzykulturowej) i edukacji międzykulturowej przygotowanych m.in. przez zespoły pracujące pod kierunkiem Tadeusza Lewowickiego, Jerzego Nikitorowicza, Zenona Jasińskiego. Nie brak też prac autorskich w tym zakresie. Prace te sprzyjają poznaniu różnorodnych poglądów i podejść metodologicznych, inspirują do nowych poszukiwań, szerszych badań, dyskusji, zachęcają do uogólnień, proponują nowe ujęcia teoretyczne i sugestie praktyczne. Przemiany kultury implikują potrzebę ponawiania refleksji nad kulturowym
kontekstem edukacji, wychowania.
Książka pt. Kontekst kulturowy wychowania. Wielokulturowość a standard
społeczny stosunków międzykulturowych w perspektywie pedagogicznej
to ważna praca w tym obszarze dociekań. Jej pomysłodawczynią
jest Dorota Misiejuk, znany pedagog, specjalizujący się od lat 90. XX wieku
w problematyce dziedziczenia kulturowego, komunikacji międzykulturowej,
tożsamości kulturowej, edukacji międzykulturowej (Czykwin i Misiejuk,
1998; Misiejuk, 2013; 2015, ss. 209–221; 2017, ss. 44–57). Recenzowana
książka pod względem tematycznym wpisuje się w cały dorobek Autorki
i zarazem go poszerza." (fragm.
Doświadczenia z okresu dzieciństwa i ich znaczenie w dorosłości - przyczynek do badań nauczycieli przedszkoli i szkół z polskim językiem nauczania na Zaolziu w Republice Czeskiej
Get PDFArtykuł prezentuje wyniki badań ilościowych i jakościowych przeprowadzonych wśród nauczycieli pracujących w przedszkolach i szkołach z polskim językiem nauczania zlokalizowanych na terenie tzw. Zaolzia – w Republice Czeskiej. Doświadczenia nauczycieli poddaje analizie z perspektywy konstruktywistycznej wizji dziecka obecnej w pedagogice oraz koncepcji strukturacji i restrukturacji doświadczenia Marii Tyszkowej (zaliczanej do nurtu konstruktywistycznego). Podjęte rozważania i wyniki przeprowadzonych badań pozwalają poznać znaczenie doświadczeń z dzieciństwa dla rozwoju zawodowego początkujących nauczycieli. Mogą przyczynić się do rozwoju świadomości i odpowiedzialności nauczycieli za dostarczanie doświadczeń dzieciom i młodzieży. Doświadczenia te będą miały istotne znaczenie w późniejszym życiu dzieci i młodzieży
The scars of war : a programme for the identification of the environmental effects of Word War II bombings for the purposes of spatial management in the Koźle Basin, Poland
Get PDFPoland’s Koźle Basin contains numerous craters created from the explosions of World War II aerial bombs as well as craters left by unexploded ordnance. The state of the local environment has been severely affected. This situation presents an obstacle to spatial management of the land to this day. This research programme studied the distribution of postmilitary anthropogenic geohazards in the area. It was intended to help to indicate the appropriate courses of action, including in the field of spatial planning, in the areas affected by former bombing. Desk studies focused on photo-interpretive analysis of archival aerial photographs and took advantage of the potential of high-resolution shaded relief rasters created from digital terrain models derived from LiDAR scanning. Field studies used classic geomorphological methods. Studies conducted so far in the bombed areas indicate the necessity of carrying out systematic, anticipatory, accurate surveys of the land and soil surface with the use of geophysical methods. Currently, the traces identified in the field suggest that the amount of unexploded ordnance remaining in the ground is very large
Evaluation of the Effects of Ag, Cu, ZnO and TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Expression Level of Oxidative Stress-Related Genes and the Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus epidermidis
Get PDFAlthough the molecular response of bacteria exposed to metal nanoparticles (NPs) is intensively
studied, many phenomena related to their survival, metal uptake, gene expression and protein
production are not fully understood. Therefore, this work aimed to study Ag-NPs, Cu-NPs, ZnO-NPs
and TiO2-NPs-induced alterations in the expression level of selected oxidative stress-related genes in
connection with the activity of antioxidant enzymes: catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PER) and superoxide
dismutase (SOD) in Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The methodology
used included: the extraction of total RNA and cDNA synthesis, the preparation of primers for
selected housekeeping and oxidative stress genes, RT-qPCR reaction and the measurements of CAT,
PER and SOD activities. It was established that the treatment of E. coli and S. epidermidis with NPs
resulted mainly in the down-regulation of targeted genes, whilst the up-regulation of genes was
confirmed in B. cereus. The greatest differences in the relative expression levels of tested genes occurred
in B. cereus and S. epidermidis treated with TiO2-NPs, while in E. coli, they were observed under
ZnO-NPs exposure. The changes found were mostly related to the expression of genes encoding
proteins with PER and CAT-like activity. Among NPs, ZnO-NPs and Cu-NPs increased the activity
of antioxidants in E. coli and B. cereus. In turn, TiO2-NPs had a major effect on enzymes activity in
S. epidermidis. Considering all of the collected results for tested bacteria, it can be emphasised that the
impact of NPs on the antioxidant system functioning was dependent on their type and concentration
Artificial Intelligence or the Ultimate Tool for Conservatism
Get PDFArtificial intelligence (AI) is foremost viewed as a technologically revolutionary tool, however, the author discusses here whether it is in fact a tool for socio-economic and legal conservatism, because its training data is always embedded in the past. The aim of this paper is to explain, exemplify and predict – whether and how – AI could cause discrimination, stagnation and uniformization by conserving what is relayed even by the most representative data. Furthermore, the author aims to propose possible legal barriers to these phenomena. The presented hypotheses are based upon empirical research and socio-economic or legal mechanisms, aiming to predict possible results of AI applications under specific conditions. Results indicate that the inherent AI conservatism could indeed cause severe discrimination, stagnation and uniformization, especially if its applications were to remain unquestioned and unregulated. Hopefully, the proposed legal solutions could limit the scope and effectiveness of AI conservatism, encouraging AI-related solutions
Validity and reliability of the Polish version of the Self-Compassion Scale and its correlates
Get PDFThis study adapts the Self-Compassion Scale into Polish and tests the validity, reliability
and factor structure of its measures. In the first phase of the research (Study I), 645 respondents
were assessed using the NEO-FFI Scale, the Self-Esteem Scale and a backtranslated
version of the Self-Compassion Scale. The aim of Study I is to analyse the factor
structure of the Polish adaptation of the Self-Compassion Scale. The results of analyses
using structural equation modelling and exploratory structural equation modelling confirm
the six-component structure of the Self-Compassion Scale and the possibility of distinguishing
a single primary factor. The results of these analyses indicate that self-compassion is
conceptually distinctive from personality traits and self-judgement. In the second phase of
the study (Study II), 688 respondents were assessed and the findings show that self-compassion
is a predictor of depressive symptoms, trait anxiety, and satisfaction with life, and is
also linked to emotional intelligence. In conclusion, the findings of this study show that the
Polish version of the Self-Compassion Scale is a reliable and valid measure of selfcompassion
The last mountain and the last words of Jerzy Kukuczka : the mountaineer’s diary as panorama and oligopticon
No full textDuring his last expedition and just before his death on the South Face of Lhotse, the world-renowned Polish high-altitude climber Jerzy Kukuczka wrote a brief diary that provokes some general questions concerning the inner motivation of a mountaineer, but also the nature of mountaineering literature, to which the diary belongs. The laconic style of the diary suggests, following Philippe Lejeune, an invisible galaxy of the untold and unknown context beyond the text. Instead of reducing the diary to a literary text, the article attempts to treat it as a kind of logical tool that creates a cultural model of the world. Applying the anthropological concept of the collective, it analyzes Kukuczka’s diary as a kind of ontological mediation between nature and culture. Following Bruno Latour, the diary can be seen as both an oligopticon and a panorama, combining the richness of a partial network of collectives created in the process of climbing with the general view of the setting as the substantial entity of the mountain