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Update on Opium Alkaloids in Food: Exploring Their Occurrence, Effect of Culinary Processing and Advances in Analytical Methodologies
No full textFollowing the implementation of the new European legislation on opium alkaloids (OAs) in food in 2023, scientific research has focused on developing analytical methodologies to determine the presence of these compounds in different foods. However, health authorities continue to suggest further studies to evaluate the occurrence of main OAs and the impact of culinary processing. Concerns remain regarding the potential health risks associated with consuming foods containing OAs. This review provides an updated overview of OAs on food, addressing their occurrence, toxicity, and the risks and benefits associated with poppy seed consumption. It compiles data from recent studies and official reports, including notifications from the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). Additionally, the influence of culinary processing on OAs concentration is analyzed, highlighting the main findings and research gaps. The review also discusses advancements in analytical methodologies, with emphasis on improvements in green sample preparation to purify extracts and validation of methodologies to improve detection reliability. Elevated concentrations of OAs above legislated limits have been reported. However, various culinary processing methods allow for significant reduction of these levels. Proper control of the initial concentration, together with appropriate processing practices, can mitigate the risks associated with ingestion of contaminated foods. Despite methodological advances in detection, further refinement of analytical methods for different food matrices is needed. Future research should focus on the optimization of these methods for the determination of all OAs, besides morphine and codeine, as well as on the effects of processing and the possible formation of degradation compounds
Fast and green methodology based on miniaturised liquid–liquid extraction with a hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvent of opium alkaloids from poppy seed beverages
No full textCurrently, the development of environmentally friendly analytical methodologies is a challenge for analytical chemistry. Therefore, the search for solvents to extract analytes of interest from complex matrices has progressed considerably in recent years. In the present work, 15 hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvents (HNADES) consisting of a mixture of different donors and acceptors in different ratios have been prepared and compared to evaluate the most efficient extraction of opium alkaloids (OA) from fortified water samples. After selecting the most effective one consisting in a mixture of thymol and camphor in the ratio 1:1 ([Thy]:[Cam] 1:1), a rapid analytical methodology to determine OA in poppy seed beverages was optimised and validated for the first time. It was based on a miniaturised liquid–liquid extraction (m-LLE) with 0.5 mL of sample and 0.5 mL of HNADES by vortexing for 1 min, followed by 1 min centrifugation and subsequent analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The validation was successful, showing extraction efficiencies between 91 and 107 % for all analytes, low limits of quantification (0.1 µg/mL for all analytes, except for morphine, 0.4 µg/mL) and precision values below 15 %. In addition, the greenness of the method was evaluated, obtaining a 0.79 on the AGREEprep metric scale. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the methodology developed to analyse OAs in poppy seed beverage was efficient, fast, simple and environmentally friendly
Decision support system in multimorbidity and polypharmacy: usability and cognitive load of primary care physicians
No full textObjetivo: Evaluar la eficiencia de la usabilidad de un sistema de apoyo a la toma de decisiones (SAD) para médicos de atención primaria (MAP) que gestionan pacientes con multimorbilidad y polifarmacia.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal de usabilidad. La población de estudio fueron PCP con práctica asistencial activa en multimorbilidad y sin experiencia previa en el uso de la herramienta DSS. La variable principal fue la eficiencia de la usabilidad, medida por el tiempo de finalización de la tarea y las métricas de carga cognitiva (cuestionario NASA-TLX, métricas de seguimiento ocular y número de clics realizados). Se evaluaron nueve tareas basadas en un caso clínico simulado
Impact of Remelting in the Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of the Ti6Al4V Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting
No full textWe present the study of the corrosion behavior of the Ti6Al4V alloy manufactured by LPBF with CO2 lasers using the remelting of layers strategie
Macroscopic structures based on La0.8Me0.2NiO3±δ (Me = Al, Ba and Ca) perovskites for renewable hydrogen production through thermochemical water splitting
No full textThe worrying energy and climate situations make it necessary to face a transition to a carbon-neutral economy. In this context, green hydrogen plays a crucial role in the future energy landscape. Besides other technologies, thermochemical water splitting represents a promising route for renewable hydrogen generation, using thermosolar energy as the primary energy source.
In this study, different types of perovskites La0.8Me0.2NiO3±δ (Me = Al, Ba and Ca) were synthesised via reactive grinding. Their redox performance was evaluated under different thermal reduction temperatures (1200-800 °C), obtaining materials with hydrogen production values ranging from 4.51 to 5.31 cm3STP/gmaterial·cycle when the reduction was performed at 800 °C, exceeding those already reported values for similar materials at higher temperatures. In order to obtain suitable configurations for their implementation in solar reactors, powdered perovskites were shaped into macrostructures such as pellets, reticulated porous ceramic (RPC) structures and thin films deposited over ceramic monoliths. Compared to powdered materials, the macrostructures exhibited higher hydrogen production attributed to enhanced gas-solid contact and more efficient heat transfer within the structures. The best performance was obtained by La0.8Ca0.2NiO3±δ supported as a thin layer over the ceramic monolithic structure, with productions up to 14.91–16.33 cm3STP/gmaterial·cycle using thermal reduction temperatures of 800 and 1000 °C, respectively.
These results confirm that shaping strategies enhance the already remarkable redox activity of perovskites and enable their integration into volumetric solar reactors. This represents a significant step forward in the development of scalable green hydrogen production systems based on renewable solar thermal energy
Computational Thinking Measurement of CS University Students
No full textThe measurement of computational thinking ability among computer science (CS) university students is of paramount importance. This study introduces UniCTCheck, a novel method designed to assess the main components of computational thinking in CS students. Utilising two key instruments, namely, the web application CTScore and the psychometric scale CTProg, this research aims to precisely evaluate seven core components of computational thinking and six programming concepts skills essential for CS students. The study, conducted at Rey Juan Carlos University and Atlantic
Technological University Galway, involved a diverse sample of students from different year levels and programme specialisations. Through a rigorous research design, including sampling strategies and data collection tools, this study seeks to address critical research questions related to the measurement of variations in students’ computational thinking and programming skills by gender, university level, and location. By shedding light on the significance of computational thinking and programming in
the educational realm, this research contributes to the existing literature and underscores the essential role of computational skills in the modern era
In-vivo phase-contrast MR measurements of respiratory-driven CSF motion
No full textThis dataset contains Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance measurements of breathing-induced cerebrospinal fluid flow in the spinal subarachnoid space acquired under normal breathing conditions. Flow data were obtained at multiple spinal levels using a respiratory-gated MRI sequence with high temporal and spatial resolution. The dataset enables quantitative analysis of respiratory-induced CSF motion and its spatial variation along the spine, contributing to a better understanding of CSF transport mechanisms, nutrient and waste exchange, and the distribution of intrathecally delivered drugs
Carrying Gas Influence and Fabrication Parameters Impact in 3D Manufacturing of In Situ TiN‑Ti Composites by Direct Laser Deposition
No full textWe present the study of the relationship between the carrying gas (reactive or inert) and the process parameters of Direct Laser Deposition Additive Manufacturing in the manufacturing of Ti/TiN composite materiales
Influence of Rh addition to transition metal-based catalysts in the oxidative steam reforming of acetic acid
No full textIn this work, the Rh-promotion to transition metal (Ni and Co) CeO2-supported catalysts has been studied for the first time on the acetic acid oxidative steam reforming. Characterization of the prepared catalysts confirmed the promoting effect of rhodium addition, allowing lower crystallite size which increases the number of available active sites to reactants, along with higher reducibility as evidenced by temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR). The influence of the reaction temperature on the acetic acid conversion and hydrogen yield was assessed. Co-based catalysts achieved better catalytic performance than Ni-based samples, almost complete acetic acid conversion, and hydrogen yields were close to the equilibrium values at temperatures over 500 ºC. On the other hand, tests at higher weight-hour space velocity evidenced the superior activity of Co-Rh/CeO2 sample. This sample showed good stability with almost complete acetic acid conversion after 25 h time-on-stream, decreasing only the hydrogen yield by 7% after the first 8 h along with a slight increase in the acetone yield of about 6%. This suggests that after the acetic acid ketonization, acetone steam reforming advanced to a lesser extent on the reaction mechanism because of long-term slight catalyst deactivation
MujerRural-IAHu: Análisis bibliográfico sistemático
No full text1. Descripción del proyecto
Proyecto: Mujeres rurales frente a la inteligencia artificial generativa (humanista): Análisis situacional y propuesta formativa
Resumen:
El análisis de género en la investigación representa una prioridad dentro del Espacio Europeo de Investigación. Esta temática está claramente establecida en la Hoja de Ruta para el desarrollo del Espacio Europeo de Investigación en España durante el periodo 2016- 2020. Asimismo, se consolida como uno de los principios fundamentales de la Estrategia Española de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para el periodo 2021-2027. De ahí el desarrollo este proyecto que tendrá una duración de tres años (2024-2027). Se centra en el área temática del Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica, Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023 (PEICTI 2021-2023), Mundo digital, industria, espacio y defensa, en la línea estratégica Inteligencia artificial y robótica que busca la introducción de la IA poniendo el acento, entre otros grandes desafíos sociales, en la desigualdad de género, la brecha digital, despoblación. El objetivo general del proyecto es desarrollar competencias específicas en inteligencia artificial generativa, desde una perspectiva humanista, en mujeres de zonas rurales más despobladas de España, que facilite la disminución de la brecha digital. Además, se desarrollará y evaluará una propuesta formativa para la capacitación en inteligencia artificial generativa destinada a estas mujeres en zonas rurales. La hipótesis de partida se concreta en: El desarrollo de competencias en IAG, desde una perspectiva humanista, en mujeres rurales facilita la disminución de la brecha digital. El proyecto se basa en un diseño mixto de triangulación, un modelo teórico, una parte cuantitativa (análisis descriptivo y contraste de medias) y otra cualitativa (análisis del discurso), siguiendo los principios de la teoría fundamentada. Emplea una variedad de métodos de recopilación de datos, como cuestionarios, rúbricas, entrevistas y grupos de discusión. Se desarrollará a través de cinco fases, 15 tareas, 89 actividades: 1. Análisis documental de la situación de las mujeres rurales ante la IAG; 2. Análisis de las necesidades formativas de las mujeres rurales ante la IAG;3. Diseño del programa formativo; 4. Desarrollo, virtualización e implementación; 5. Evaluación del programa y difusión de los resultados obtenidos. Los resultados de este proyecto ofrecerán un análisis detallado de la situación actual de las mujeres rurales en España en cuanto a sus necesidades formativas y competencias relacionadas con la Inteligencia Artificial Generativa (IAG). Se examinará la contribución de la formación proporcionada por los planes de formación públicos, la percepción de los responsables públicos sobre estas necesidades y se identificarán las necesidades específicas de las mujeres en relación con l a IAG, con un enfoque humanista. Una vez implementado el programa formativo se evaluará su eficacia de este recurso en la reducción de la brecha digital. Se espera que el proyecto tenga un impacto directo en el incremento del conocimiento científico, teórico y empírico sobre la mujer y la IAG (estado actual de la mujer rural y necesidades formativas), así como un aumento de la capacitación digital (desarrollando actitudes, conocimientos y habilidades) de estas mujeres que facilite la disminución de la brecha digital. Destaca el apoyo al proyecto de AFAMMER, Confederación de Federaciones y Asociaciones de Familias y Mujeres del Medio Rural con más de 180.000 socias, presencia en la práctica totalidad de las Comunidades Autónomas y en diferentes organismos internacionales.
2. Descripción del dataset
Datos bibliográficos en texto plano correspondientes a la tarea:
T1.1. Análisis bibliográfico sistemático
Objetivo: OE1 Realizar un análisis bibliográfico sistemático que abarque las investigaciones de los últimos 15 años para conocer las características de los planes de formación en IAG destinado a mujeres (rurales) y resultados obtenidos cuando se han aplicado
Fuente: Web of Science (Core Collection)
Metodología: Consulta en la Web of Science con palabras clave identificadas en el Tesauro de la UNESCO centradas en las mujeres rurales, competencias y formación en IA, así como el impacto en el desarrollo de las zonas rurales.
Formato: TXT
Idioma: Inglé