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Odiati e Fieri: How Space, Bureaucratization, and Sacrifice Entrenched Neo-Fascism Within the Italian Ultras
Get PDFThis thesis critically examines the development of Ultra groups, between 1969 and 1982. It places these groups development in conversation with the Years of Lead, arguing that a comprehension of their origin is crucial to understanding the proliferation of neo-fascist violence and ideology. The Ultras are defined as collections of zealous and highly organized fans, typically young men aged 14-24 who tightly control and regulate their ends of the stadiums, known as Curva, and have become increasingly politicized. Their birth in 1969, coincided with rising terrorist attacks from the far right and left as Italy tore itself asunder with questions of what it meant to be Italian written in blood. Utilizing the words of the Ultras, through their performances and memoirs, this thesis argues that through the bureaucratization and professionalization of the Ultras, neo-fascist actors and neo-fascism were able to enter on the ground floor and alter the trajectory of the movement
Modelling of Open-Ended Coaxial Probes for Real-Time Dielectric Spectroscopy in Biomedical Applications
Get PDFPermittivity spectroscopy measures a material’s electromagnetic response across a frequency range, typically using an open-ended coaxial probe. The process involves transmitting an electromagnetic wave through the probe toward the material under test (MUT). While portion of the wave radiates into the material, the remainder reflects back due to the impedance mismatch at the probe’s aperture. Accurately determining the MUT permittivity requires precise modelling of the electromagnetic wave propagation within the probe, but current methods have notable limitations: 1) balancing accuracy and efficiency remains challenging, with one often sacrificed for the other, 2) most models assume single-layer MUTs, and 3) accurate models for needle-shaped probes, such as bevelled or conical shapes, are lacking. This thesis addresses these challenges with three main contributions. First, it introduces a closed-form, full-wave model reduced to a simple matrix multiplication. The model has been validated experimentally using two coaxial probes and four reference liquids. It exhibited an average error of 4.35%, which is similar to or better than state-of-the-art models, while being 98% faster Second, it proposes a model for calculating the permittivity of a two-layer MUT. The proposed method is validated experimentally in two different scenarios within a frequency range of 1 GHz to 5 GHz. The average error of the extracted permittivity from the inverse problem is 1.08%, and the average error in the extracted distance is 10 μm. Lastly, this thesis introduces a model for bevelled and conical probes that can penetrate tissue for in-vivo measurements. The accuracy of the model is validated using experimental measurements on water, with a relative error of less than 1%. Overall, these models represent an important step toward establishing permittivity spectroscopy as a next-generation diagnostic modality
Fragments, Traces & Memories: Retelling Stories and Rebuilding Vernaculars in Ayton, Ontario
No full textThis thesis explores the possibilities of personal association, reflection, and memory of the rural landscape as points of departure for architectural design. Like the recollection of a memory, the work follows a series of fragments, retelling and rebuilding the stories of a family farm located in Southwestern Ontario. The remaining vernaculars and objects of this landscape stand as mnemonic devices; within them lingers a sense of shared mythology and history tied to rural community. The creative association and investigation of local material histories develops a methodology that is explored through a series of follies and earthworks. In retelling these tales of social, cultural, and architectural vernacular the project proposes a landscape of collective meaning that transmits myriad memories and produces new stories
Quantification of the Impact of Teleworking on Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions in Residential Buildings
Get PDFApproximately 39% of the Canadian workforce holds jobs suitable for remote work. In December 2022, the Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat introduced hybrid work across the federal public service. Teleworking is a common example of partial occupancy in homes, and prevents occupants from using setback temperatures to save energy. Several studies have analyzed the impact of staying at home during office hours by comparing home energy consumption through self-reported data, surveys, interviews, and measuring devices. Still, most of these studies are limited to a few months after the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdowns. While numerous studies have explored the effects of teleworking on transportation, findings related to residential and office buildings are limited. This gap in existing literature hinders our understanding of the net energy implications of telework. To address this gap, the current thesis focuses primarily on residential buildings, a sector that has received less attention than others. Such analysis enables us to quantify the net impact of telework on energy consumption and carbon emissions, understand teleworkers' behavior, and create appropriate policies, such as building codes and retrofit incentives. To achieve this goal, key factors that significantly impact energy consumption changes due to teleworking were first identified using simulations considering the national energy code of Canada for buildings (NECB). Next, using the national building code of Canada (NBC) several scenarios were simulated using the EnergyPlus building performance tool, considering factors such as weekly teleworking frequency, thermostat usage, setpoint choices, house size, climate zone, and the number of thermal zones. These scenario-based quantifications helped determine how teleworking, based on occupant behavior, impacts energy consumption, and carbon emissions in residential buildings. Data analysis was then conducted on ''ecobee'' thermostat data using the ''Donate Your Data'' (DYD) dataset, including occupancy and thermostat setpoint information, to better understand teleworkers' thermostat usage behavior. Finally, a survey was conducted among Federal Public Servants in the National Capital and Quebec regions to gather insights on how teleworkers use lighting, equipment and thermostats when working from home
Unveiling the Spatial Dimensions of Hospitalization and Resource Utilization in Rural Ontario: A Comprehensive Analysis of Travel Time, Socio-demographic Factors, and Healthcare System Usage
Get PDFThe provision of equitable and appropriate health and care services to rural communities is a critical component of the Canadian health system. Rural communities face severe pressures from poor access to health services and health policies that reinforce these challenges. Consequently, rural health inequalities are a concern for policymakers and researchers interested in rural populations. Accessibility of appropriate health services varies due to spatial (e.g., geographic barriers such as distance, climate, or natural features) and non-spatial factors (e.g., socio-demographic characteristics and health service planning). This thesis comprises three studies that collectively develop a comprehensive picture of rural health and care service accessibility in Ontario, Canada. The first study is a scoping review of how rural high-resource healthcare users are defined in the literature. Despite its frequent use, no standardized definition of high resource use exists. The second study evaluates accessibility to Emergency Departments (EDs) at the small-area level using a three-step floating catchment area (3SFCA) method. This method calculates accessibility scores based on supply, demand, and travel time, identifying changes in ED service access among rural residents by analyzing data from the 2011 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts (CanCHEC) and the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (NACRS) from 2018/19 to 2020/21. The third study explores the influence of spatial accessibility and socio-demographic factors on attachment to primary care using Geographic Weighted Regression (GWR). A mixed-methods approach examines how socio-demographic variables, such as material deprivation, residential instability, and ethnic concentration, correlate with primary care attachment. Findings reveal significant relationships between higher levels of deprivation, instability, and decreased attachment rates, underscoring the role of socio-economic factors in healthcare disparities. This research highlights substantial variations in healthcare access among rural residents. Local factors and spatial non-stationarity significantly impact healthcare utilization. Tailored healthcare policies are crucial to addressing disparities in ED use and primary care access. These findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of neighborhood-level healthcare variability, offering insights for improving service delivery and advocating for targeted strategies to enhance accessibility and reduce disparities, ultimately improving public health outcomes in rural Ontario