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Unity of command; a comparison of the top level organization structures of the Government of Canada and of large scale private enterprises.
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An examination of the role of the Board of Transport Commissioners for Canada as a regulatory tribunal.
No full textIn order to fully comprehend the working of an
administrative board or tribunal it is first necessary
to establish the principles which form the basis of
their operations. The concept of justice and equanimity
between parties has come down to us in the form or
theory of "a rule of law”. In attempting to examine
the role of the Board of Transport Commissioners in so
far as it affects railways in Canada the concepts of
natural justice and impartiality form the test pattern
in the light of which the history, development, and
operation of transportation is examined and the
procedure, practice and problems of the Board are discussed.
An examination of the historical development,
character, functions and practices of the Board, bearing
in mind the evolution of the transport industry and the
requirements of a "rule of law” even in administrative
or quasi-judicial bodies, leads to the conclusion that it
cannot be described accurately by either "administrative"
or "judicial" designations. It is, nevertheless, possible
to devise a "rule of law" in the administrative sense.
It is the central thesis of this paper that the Board of
Transport Commissioners for Canada is a judicial body
possessing those aspects of administrative tribunals which
are conducive to flexibility and informality in the
discharge of its supervisory and regulatory functions
A study of the electret properties of Carnauba Wax
No full textCarnauba wax electrets were made by electrification with high fields below the melting point of the wax. Measurements were made of the discharge current of an electret and the torque on an electret in an electric field. A torsion balance was constructed to measure the torque. Experiments were conducted both with natural wax and with wax that had been treated to remove impurities.It was found that for an electret of natural wax the discharge current fell off with time after removal of the forming field; the magnitude of the current being approximately inversely proportional to the time since the field was removed.The torque on such an electret rises from zero with time, the magnitude being given by T = c(1 - i/t) where c is a constant and t is the time since the forming field was removed. Removal of occluded water changes the functions for the decay of discharge current and rise in torque to exponentials. Thorough filtering and an attempt at removal of ionic impurities increased the final value of the torque.The results are in agreement with the theory proposed by B. Gross
