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Expanding the Boundaries of Political Solidarity: The 9/11 Generation's Understandings of the Enduring Post-9/11 Environment and American War Resisters of the Iraq War
No full textThis study investigates why the 9/11 Generation in Canada – a cohort of Muslim and/or Arab youth who came of age during the aftermath of the September 11th, 2001 attacks – can envision political solidarity with American war resisters of the Iraq War. Guided by interpretative phenomenological analysis, qualitative interviews with five members of the 9/11-G explored how critical reflections on their lived experiences, sparked by their engagement with the war resisters’ testimonies, enabled this cohort to rationalize why political solidarity is possible with these former soldiers. This research identified three pathways that rendered this solidarity as possible: humanization through fellow feeling and implicated, layered subjectivity; and additional rationales outside of the humanizing realm, such as secular criticism, universal unfreedom, and strategic considerations. These findings highlight why solidarity can emerge across complex divides, offering crucial insights into the necessity of a reimagined collective resistance in an enduring post-9/11 environment
Counterterrorist Financing and the Evolution and Adaptation of Terrorist Tactics
No full textDespite significant and coordinated global efforts to combat terrorism, rates of terrorism have continued to rise worldwide. This dissertation seeks to solve the puzzle of why these efforts have not yielded the expected decrease in terrorism following global efforts to prevent and disrupt terrorism after September 11, 2001. My answer to this puzzle is that states are not actively and effectively combating terrorist financing, a strategic deficiency in global counterterrorism efforts. Through a quantitative study and process tracing methods in case studies, this research demonstrates that states that criminalize terrorist financing and implement counterterrorist financing policies and practices experience a significant decrease in terrorism, as measured by variables such as lethality and number of attacks. Where counterterrorist financing policies and practices are implemented, they force terrorists to adopt fewer, lower-cost, and less complex attacks. The case studies highlight the importance of international cooperation and coordination in counterterrorist financing efforts, underscoring that isolated actions are less effective than coordinated strategies. The findings suggest that terrorists operate with constrained budgets and adapt their financing strategies in response to pressures. However, when terrorist groups are unable to find new financing strategies, opportunities arise to dismantle these groups. This research develops a theory of terrorist financing adaptation. It isolates the unique effects of CTF policies and practices on terrorism levels despite the challenges of disentangling these effects from broader counterterrorism measures. The implications of this study are clear: to effectively reduce terrorism, states must prioritize implementing robust counterterrorist financing measures and foster international collaboration. These efforts will not only disrupt current terrorist financing but also prevent the adaptation of new strategies, thereby creating openings to constrain terrorist organizations and reduce levels of terrorism worldwide
Handbook of Rahmah: Palestinian Practices, Lifeworlds, Love and Resistance
Full text linkThis thesis is a reflection on Palestinian practices as a form of preservation, resistance, and love. Titled “A Handbook of Rahmah,” this handbook is an attempt to contribute to an archive against erasure - inspired by the Palestinian craft of “tatreez” (Palestinian cross-stitch embroidery) in a meditation on the tools, instruments, and symbols of collective memory, homing, and environmental literacy as a form of resistance. A conceptual counter to Theo Deutinger’s “Handbook of Tyranny,” this “Handbook of Love” is a project of anti-erasure and anti-displacement, particularly considering the ongoing genocide, urbicide, and scholasticide of Palestinian lifeworlds (as of April 2, 2025). The erasures of entire families from the civil registry, the decimation of schools and homes, and the reach of these violences beyond borders, including Lebanon - my home - necessitate a project of tender recording
Overcoming the Challenges of Rural Electrification in Senegal: Identifying and Addressing Barriers to the Implementation of National Programs
Full text linkIn 2022, an estimated 571 million people in sub-Saharan Africa lacked access to electricity, with rural areas disproportionately affected. Despite gradual progress, achieving universal electrification remains a challenge, particularly in Senegal. This study evaluates the implementation of Senegal’s rural electrification programs and examines the factors hindering the country’s goal of 100% electrification. Through a comprehensive literature review and interviews with technical experts and rural residents benefiting from mini-grids, the research identifies key obstacles, including inadequate strategic planning, limited financing, institutional coordination challenges, and governance issues. Additionally, technical constraints, such as poor mini-grid sizing and maintenance delays, alongside administrative inefficiencies, contribute to implementation delays. Addressing these challenges requires stronger policy coordination, increased financial and technical support, and governance reforms to enhance efficiency and accountability. The findings provide insights into improving rural electrification strategies in Senegal and offer recommendations for sustainable and inclusive energy access
Takeover Warning Design in Conditionally Automated Vehicles: The Effect of Information Content and Placement on Takeover Success
Full text linkAutonomous vehicles are becoming increasingly integrated into modern transportation. Level 3 autonomous vehicles still require drivers to take over manual control, known as a takeover, which can be challenging as drivers are often distracted with non-driving related tasks. Two studies investigated how takeover alert design affects performance in conditionally automated vehicles. In Experiment 1, 36 undergraduates drove a simulated autonomous vehicle and responded to either a single or two-stage alert. Two-stage alerts led to better takeover performance than single-stage alerts. Experiment 2 expanded on these results by delivering pre-warnings on the dash versus infotainment screen, and pre-warnings that were static versus dynamic. Forty-eight undergraduates completed the second study. Measures of takeover performance were recorded from the simulator. Infotainment-based and dynamic pre-warnings led to faster takeovers, and were rated as more helpful than dash-based and static alerts. Findings may guide future takeover alert development to enhance performance and driving safety
Discrete-Event System Specification Modelling Methods for Improving the Study of Policies for Disasters
Full text linkModern modelling and simulation techniques allow us to safely test the policies used to mitigate disasters, but these techniques have high development costs. In this thesis we demonstrate how the DEVS formalism can be used to reduce these costs by exploiting its modularity. We accomplish this with two case-studies. first, we show how DEVS can be used to create inexpensive epidemiology models for workplaces and demonstrate it with Carleton University’s campus and COVID-19. Second, we explain how a policymaker’s existing models can be recreated with DEVS models so they may be reused in any new models. This reduces future development costs by decreasing the number of new models that need to be made. We recreate a sequential decision model of an arctic major maritime disaster as a DEVS model to demonstrate this method. These case-studies show how the modularity of DEVS can be exploited to reduce costs
