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A typology of the engaged university: an empirical investigation into how universities in Europe engage
No full textFNEGE 2, ABS 3International audienceThe growing recognition of universities’ potential to positively impact their environments has led to increased discussions about their external engagement with stakeholders within the quadruple helix of universities, government, business and society. This research aims to identify the factors that define universities in terms of their external engagement activities and provide a unique exploratory typology of university engagement, including both traditional and emerging forms of engagement. This unique quantitative analysis of international data gathers data from 4,612 academics across 68 universities in Europe and takes into account not only research engagement with industry but also engagement activities in education, management, and regional development with public and social organizations. Drawing from the growing base of literature around the engaged, entrepreneurial, civic university and research-intensive university, this paper identifies four typologies of external university engagement. The study also shows that institutional characteristics (e.g. size, age, type) and those of the external environment (e.g. population size and density, patent applications, R&D investment) are related to universities’ engagement profiles. Implications of these results for policy makers and university leaders include important insights for developing appropriate strategies for university engagement and the necessity of tailored approaches in stimulating external engagement
Mixotrophy in orchids: facts, questions, and perspectives
No full textInternational audienceWhile orchids germinate thanks to carbon from their symbiotic fungi, variable carbon exchanges exist between adult orchids and their mycorrhizal fungi. Although some truly autotrophic orchids reward their fungi with carbon at adulthood, some species remain achlorophyllous and fully dependent on fungal carbon (mycoheterotrophy). Others are photosynthetic but also import fungal carbon: The so‐called mixotrophic (MX) orchids rely on fungi of diverse taxonomy and ecology. Here, we classify MX nutrition of orchids into three types. Type I mixotrophy associates with diverse Asco‐ and Basidiomycota that are either saprotrophic or ectomycorrhizal, entailing enrichment of the orchids in 2 H, 13 C, and 15 N. The two other types associate with rhizoctonias, a polyphyletic assemblage of Basidiomycotas that is ancestrally mycorrhizal in orchids. Type II mixotrophy associates with rhizoctonias that secondarily evolved into saprotrophic or ectomycorrhizal ecology, and thus enrich the orchid in 2 H, 13 C, and 15 N. Type III mixotrophy, which remains debated, associates with rhizoctonias that have retained their ancestral lifestyle, that is saprotrophic and/or endophytic in nonorchids, and only entail orchid enrichment in 2 H and 15 N. Based on a case study of achlorophyllous variants in Mediterranean Ophrys and on published data, we discuss the distinct nature and research perspectives of type III mixotrophy
La coopération sans coopérative : la gestion des tensions au sein d’une organisation alternative d’inspiration anarchiste
No full textFNEGE 3International audienceThrough the study of self-managed grocery stores inspired by anarchist philosophy, we illustrate how tensions inherent to the alternative cooperative model manifest and are understood by the members of these organizations.To achieve this, we rely on a set of qualitative data. The results of the study highlight two specificities derived from anarchist philosophy—freedom and individual responsibility on the one hand, and autonomist leadership on the other—that enable actors to activate the three modes of tension resolution identified in the literature: acceptance, confrontation, and transcendence (Smith, 2011), in an original way. These results highlight ways to better manage tensions and avoid coalition dynamics that are present in most cooperatives.À travers l’étude d’épiceries autogérées s’inscrivant dans la philosophie anarchiste, nous montrons comment les tensions inhérentes au modèle alternatif des coopératives se manifestent et sont appréhendées par les membres de ces organisations. Pour y parvenir, nous nous appuyons sur un ensemble de données qualitatives. Nous constatons que deux spécificités émanant de la philosophie anarchiste – la liberté et responsabilité individuelle d’une part et le leadership autonomiste d’autre part – permettent aux acteurs d’actionner de manière originale les trois modes de gestion des tensions identifiées dans la littérature que sont : l’acceptation, la confrontation et la transcendance (Smith, 2011). Ces résultats mettent en lumière des pistes pour mieux gérer les tensions et éviter les logiques de coalitions qui se forment souvent au sein des coopératives
Between Verisimilitude and the Imperatives of Spectacle: The Sounds of Spaceships in the Star Wars Prequels (1999-2005)
No full textInternational audienceCommunication lors de la session H5 "The Sounds of Outer Space
Privacy and platform governance: the case of apps for young children
No full textFNEGE 2, ABS 4International audienceThis article analyzes global platform governance regulating apps distributed to children. We focus on the determinants influencing app developers to opt in to Google’s “Designed for Families” program aimed at promoting children’s privacy. This program requires compliance with U.S. privacy regulations related to children. We empirically analyze the special subset of children’s apps. Our results indicate that a lower level of data collection is likely to increase the likelihood of a developer to opt in to the program. Apps inside the program tend to show better performance in terms of user engagement while having a greater propensity to adopt freemium business models. In terms of policy implications, consumer protections may be more effectively enhanced by influencing global digital platform governance toward children rather than altering the regulatory regime within a single country
Multidimensional Stable Driven McKean-Vlasov SDEs with Distributional Interaction Kernel: Critical Thresholds and Related Models
No full textIn this work we continue to investigate well-posedness for stable driven McKean-Vlasov SDEs with distributional interaction kernel following the approach introduced in [8]. We specifically focus on the impact of the Besov smoothness of the initial condition and quantify how it affects the corresponding density estimates for the SDE. In particular, we manage to attain some critical thresholds allowing to revisit/address in a stable noise setting some concrete physical and biological models
Les luttes pour la définition du travail « bien fait »
No full textInternational audienceLa professionnalisation est devenue une évidence dans le monde du travail et de l’éducation. Elle constitue une réalité incontournable pour une grande variété de professions, d’organisations publiques et privées, ainsi que pour les filières de formation et de perfectionnement. Cependant, il s’agit d’une notion polysémique, aux significations parfois contradictoires. Elle représente tout autant un impératif managérial imposé par les hiérarchies dans les organisations productives qu’un idéal de service ou de qualité du travail, défini et défendu par les professionnels.Encyclopédie de la professionnalisation explore et explicite les débats suscités par la professionnalisation, à partir de traditions de recherche ancrées dans des disciplines plurielles, d’enquêtes empiriques rigoureuses et de conceptualisations renouvelées.Trois grandes acceptions de la professionnalisation sont dégagées et examinées : la structuration de métiers en quête de reconnaissance et d’autonomie ; la montée de professionnalismes porteurs de nouvelles exigences au travail ; et la production de professionnalités renouvelées, à travers des dispositifs de formation comme au coeur des situations de travail
Is disruption the second time around easier? The case of Iliad and the Italian telecommunications market
No full textFNEGE 4, ABS 1International audienceAlthough market entry has been a longstanding feature of mobile telecommunication markets, relatively few entrants have transformed the market(s) that they have entered. One such company is Iliad, whose entry into the French mobile market profoundly and irrevocably changed it. This paper explores whether Iliad has been able to repeat its ‘success’ of disrupting the French market in a different context, when it entered the Italian telecommunications market. Drawing on relevant literature, we highlight the importance of context in understanding the disruptive impact of mobile operators. To explore the impact of Iliad’s entry into the Italian market we adopt a longitudinal case study approach. We begin by outlining the circumstances that led to the entry of Iliad into the Italian market, and then chart its development as a new entrant. Through adopting such an approach, we are able to demonstrate how Iliad has encountered numerous challenges when operating in Italy that has necessitated a different approach to that which was successful in France. We conclude that, because of significant differences in context, disruption the second time around is more difficult to achieve
CrossAttOmics: multiomics data integration with cross-attention
No full textInternational audienceMotivation. Advances in high throughput technologies enabled large access to various types of omics. Each omics provides a partial view of the underlying biological process. Integrating multiple omics layers would help have a more accurate diagnosis. However, the complexity of omics data requires approaches that can capture complex relationships. One way to accomplish this is by exploiting the known regulatory links between the different omics, which could help in constructing a better multimodal representation. Results. In this article, we propose CrossAttOmics, a new deep-learning architecture based on the cross-attention mechanism for multiomics integration. Each modality is projected in a lower dimensional space with its specific encoder. Interactions between modalities with known regulatory links are computed in the feature representation space with cross-attention. The results of different experiments carried out in this article show that our model can accurately predict the types of cancer by exploiting the interactions between multiple modalities. CrossAttOmics outperforms other methods when there are few paired training examples. Our approach can be combined with attribution methods like LRP to identify which interactions are the most important