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Early Detection of the Marathon Wall to Improve Pacing Strategies in Recreational Marathoners
No full textEthics: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of “CPP Sud-Est V, Grenoble, France; reference: 2018-A01496-49” for studies involving humans.International audienceThe individual marathon optimal pacing sparring the runner to hit the “wall” after 2 h of running remain unclear. In the current study we examined to what extent Deep neural Network contributes to identify the individual optimal pacing training a Variational Auto Encoder (VAE) with a small dataset of nine runners. This last one has been constructed from an original one that contains the values of multiple physiological variables for 10 different runners during a marathon. We plot the Lyapunov exponent/Time graph on these variables for each runner showing that the marathon wall could be anticipated. The pacing strategy that this innovative technique sheds light on is to predict and delay the moment when the runner empties his reserves and ’hits the wall’ while considering the individual physical capabilities of each athlete. Our data suggest that given that a further increase of marathon runner using a cardio-GPS could benefit of their pacing run for optimizing their performance if AI would be used for learning how to self-pace his marathon race for avoiding hitting the wall
MCQR: Enhancing the processing and analysis of quantitative proteomics data by incorporating chromatography and mass spectrometry information
No full textInternational audienceIn the field of proteomics, generating biologically relevant results from mass spectrometry signals remains a challenging task. This is partly due to the fact that the computational strategies for converting MS signals into biologically interpretable data depends heavily on the MS acquisition method. Additionally, the processing and the analysis of these data vary depending on whether the proteomic experiment was performed with or without labeling, and with or without fractionation. Several R packages have been developed for processing and analyzing MS data, but they only incorporate identification and quantification data; none of them takes into account other invaluable information collected during MS runs. To address this limitation, we introduce MCQR, an alternative R package for the in-depth exploration, processing, and analysis of quantitative proteomics data.</div
Open innovation and business model innovation intertwined: a dynamic capabilities perspective
No full textInternational audienceOpen innovation practices require firms to transform certain aspects of their organisational structures and processes to accomplish success. The level of openness determines how firms should adapt their business models to align with specific open innovation practices. Although open innovation and business model innovation are closely interconnected, the extant literature provides limited evidence on how firms embark on these two processes together, particularly in the context of smaller firms. To address this gap, we adopt dynamic capabilities (sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring capabilities) as a theoretical lens to explore this phenomenon in SMEs and startups. Using a multiple case study approach, we draw insights and identify key concepts from biotech SMEs and startups. This methodology enables us to uncover emerging theories related to the interplay between open innovation and business model innovation, as well as the critical role of dynamic capabilities. Our research advances the literature on open innovation, business model innovation, and dynamic capabilities by providing empirical evidence and developing theoretical frameworks. Additionally, we offer practical insights with managerial implications to guide firms navigating these complex processes
Pathogen-induced root glutamine concentration is a determinant of the outcome of the Medicago truncatula-Aphanomyces euteiches interaction
No full textData : Metabolomics data are included in the supplementary files. RNAseq data are available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) | Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) under accession number [GEO: GSE281426].International audienceMain conclusion. Our work highlights that glutamine plays a central role in contributing to the outcome of disease in the Medicago truncatula-Aphanomyces euteiches interaction when modulating plant N supply.Abstract. Nitrogen (N) is essential for the growth of plants and microorganisms. The quantity and quality of N supply can impact plant development but also its interaction with pathogens. Our previous work showed that N modulated Medicago truncatula (Mt) susceptibility to the oomycete pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches (Ae) when plants were grown in vitro and glutamine (Gln) was proposed to mediate this effect of N on plant disease. Using more than 30 lines representative of Mt diversity, we show here that pathogen-induced root Gln concentrations are correlated with higher susceptibility to Ae. N modulation of the response to Ae of the partially resistant Mt A17 genotype was associated with changes in the expression of MtGS1 genes encoding cytosolic glutamine synthetases (GSs). This raises the question of the importance of Gln during Mt/Ae interaction and a possible role of cytosolic GS in mediating Mt susceptibility to Ae. Interestingly, exogenous Gln induced a higher susceptibility of the A17 line to Ae and induced a metabolic profile of inoculated A17 roots similar to that of a susceptible genotype. RNAseq experiments highlighted a higher expression of numerous plant defense genes in non-inoculated roots on Gln. On the pathogen side, a higher expression of genes encoding proteases and a lower expression of genes encoding elicitins as well as a better growth of Ae on Gln could explain the higher susceptibility of Mt on Gln. Altogether our results highlight the delicate balance between plant immunity, pathogen growth and virulence in contributing to the outcome of disease when modulating N supply and that Gln plays a central role in this process
Quand l'excellence ne suffit pas : les parcours contrariés des femmes en informatique
No full textInternational audienceAlors que la plupart des formations et carrières scientifiques se sont progressivement ouvertes aux femmes, l’informatique demeure un bastion masculin qui peine à se féminiser. Au-delà des représentations sexuées qui continuent de peser sur les choix d’orientation scolaire, nombreuses sont les femmes à quitter le secteur en cours de carrière.À partir des données de l’enquête Génération du Céreq, ce numéro de Connaissance de l’emploi entend s’intéresser au devenir des « rares » femmes qui sortent du système scolaire avec une spécialisation en informatique. Si cette discipline constitue une voie d’accès à des emplois de cadres bien rémunérés, l’analyse fait état d’importants écarts qui se dessinent dès les premières années de leur entrée sur le marché du travail. En outre, alors que les jeunes filles sont plus nombreuses à s’éloigner des métiers cibles de leur formation, elles rencontrent davantage de difficultés à rentabiliser leur investissement scolaire dans d’autres métiers, suggérant l’existence d’une pénalité à la réorientation plus forte pour les femmes
Model-Free Optimal Static Output Feedback Control using Integral Reinforcement Learning
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents a novel model-free static output feedback (SOF) control strategy for continuous-time sys- tems, leveraging integral reinforcement learning (IRL) within an off-policy framework. In many practical scenarios, full- state measurements are unavailable, requiring control based solely on sensor outputs. The proposed method addresses this challenge by utilizing only input-output data, avoiding theneed for state estimators or observers. The approach offers a practical balance of simplicity, stability, and performance, making it a more accessible alternative than dynamic output feedback methods. The proposed algorithm is adaptive and suits real-world applications involving uncertain or unknown system dynamics. Simulation results demonstrate the method’s effectiveness, with comparative analysis showing its better performance over existing model-free approaches. Index Terms— Static Output Feedback, Reinforcement Learning, Adaptive Control, Optimal Control, Integral Reinforcement Learning, Model-Free Control
Almost Sure Uniform Convergence Of Random Hermite Series
No full textWe continue the analysis of random series associated to the multidimensional harmonic oscillator on with d \geq 2. More precisely we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition to get the almost sure uniform convergence on the whole space . It turns out that the same condition gives the almost sure uniform convergence on the sphere (despite is a zero Lebesgue measure of ). From a probabilistic point of view, our proof adapts a strategy used by the first author for boundaryless Riemannian compact manifolds. However, our proof requires sharp off-diagonal estimates of the spectral function of . Such estimates are obtained using elementary tools
Concrete cracking risk analysis at early age by means of a ring test
No full textInternational audienceEarly-age cracking in massive concrete structures is a critical issue affecting durability and maintenance costs. This study introduces the BT-Ring test, an adaptation of the Schlitter ring test, designed to evaluate stress evolution due to restrained thermal and autogenous deformations. The test replicates in-situ conditions, enabling a comprehensive assessment of cracking risk by means of a complete analytic solution for the stresses generated during the test. Experimental results reveal an initial compressive stress phase followed by tensile stress build-up, with cracking occurring when the mean orthoradial stress exceeds the concrete's tensile strength. A delay between predicted and observed cracking highlights variability in tensile strength and possible size effects. Numerical modelling aligns well with experimental data, confirming the test's reliability in stress prediction when all the parameters of the model are correctly characterized. Future research should focus on refining numerical models by incorporating damage-based approaches to account for heterogeneities and size effects. Additionally, applying this methodology to various concrete formulations, including low-carbon mixtures, would enhance its applicability. The BT-Ring test, combined with advanced modelling, presents a promising approach for optimizing concrete formulations and mitigating early-age cracking risks in large-scale structures
« Il y a un enjeu très fort aujourd’hui à repolitiser le monde associatif, non pas dans des discours, mais à partir de la question du travail ». Entretien avec Matthieu Hély et Maud Simonet
No full textInternational audienceEntretien avec Matthieu Hély et Maud Simonet, directeurs de l’ouvrage collectif Monde associatif et néolibéralisme paru aux PUF en 2023 (collection « La vie des idées », réalisé par Régis Guyon et Francis Lebon en juin 202
Posture in translation: research and educational perspectives
No full textInternational audienceThis article explores the concept of ‘translator’s posture’ within translation studies, drawing on research from literary sociology. It first reviews the work of scholars such as Alain Viala and Jérôme Meizoz, who have theorized the notion of ‘authorial posture ’ – the way writers present and position themselves within the literary field. The article then evaluates how posture materially manifests ‘translatorial habitus’, the formation of which is not observable. Therefore, we construct a multidimensional framework for analyzing translators’ postures, both textually and socially. By observing how translators occupy a position in their domain of practice, the study of postures, or stances, promises to offer new analytical affordances for translation research, complementing existing approaches focused on sociological factors shaping the translation process and product, and the actors. Teaching habitus directly, while auspicial, is not feasible. However, it is more plausible and feasible for aspiring translators to be taught how to acquire a translator’s posture, and project a capable image of themselves. The development of such presentational skills may be a valuable component of translator education, within and without academic institutions