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What Large Language Models Know About Plant Molecular Biology
No full textLarge language models (LLMs) are rapidly permeating scientific research, yet their capabilities in plant molecular biology remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we present MOBIPLANT, the first comprehensive benchmark for evaluating LLMs in this domain, developed by a consortium of 112 plant scientists across 19 countries. MOBIPLANT comprises 565 expertcurated multiple-choice questions and 1,075 synthetically generated questions, spanning core topics from gene regulation to plant-environment interactions. We benchmarked seven leading chat-based LLMs using both automated scoring and human evaluation of open-ended answers. Models performed well on multiple-choice tasks (exceeding 75% accuracy), although most of them exhibited a consistent bias towards option A. In contrast, expert reviews exposed persistent limitations, including factual misalignment, hallucinations, and low self-awareness. Critically, we found that model performance strongly correlated with the citation frequency of source literature, suggesting that LLMs do not simply encode plant biology knowledge uniformly, but are instead shaped by the visibility and frequency of information in their training corpora. This understanding is key to guiding both the development of next-generation models and the informed use of current tools in the everyday work of plant researcher
Demeurer une oeuvre 1%: Un essai de construction d'une base de données statistiques
No full textStudies on the future of works created under the 1% for art program show that a significant number of them are damaged or destroyed. This workingpaper analyzes the factors behind this destruction, focusing on the nature and exposure of these works, based on a database compiled from high school inventory data collected in five regions. First, we present the methodologies used in three inventories, focusing mainly on how they describe the works and their condition. Second, we construct the space of the 1% works based on these inventories (covering the period 1951-1972), using certain equivalence conventions, and infer statistical links between their characteristics. The possibility of abstracting the work of art from its environment would allow it to survive better, thus raising the question of its rightful place and its dissociation from architecture.Les études sur le devenir des œuvres du 1% artistique montrent qu’un nombre non négligeable d’entre elles sont dégradées ou détruites. Ce texte analyse les facteurs explicatifs de ces destructions, en nous focalisant sur la nature et l’exposition de ces œuvres, à partir de la construction d’une base issue de données d’inventaires de lycées réalisés dans cinq régions. Dans un premier temps, nous présentons les méthodologies mobilisées dans trois inventaires en nous focalisant principalement sur la façon dont ils décrivent les œuvres et leur état. Dans un second temps, nous construisons l’espace des œuvres 1% à partir de ces inventaires (sur la période 1951-1972), en retenant certaines conventions d’équivalence, et nous en inférons des liens statistiques entre leurs caractéristiques. L’abstraction possible de son environnement permettrait une meilleure survie de l’œuvre, posant ainsi la question de sa juste place et de sa dissociation avec l’architecture
The difficulty of bringing Gauss's Disquisitiones Arithmeticae in the hands of readers (1801-1804): Some new facts and a reconstruction
No full textInternational audienceSome new facts and a reconstruction are presented on how C.F. Gauss's book Disquisitiones Arithmeticae (1801) was distributed and found its way to its first readers. These include a hitherto unknown contemporary German review of the Disquisitiones Arithmeticae (1802) and a reconstruction on how Gauss's book finally arrived in the book shops of Paris
A multitasking scheduling problem of emergency medical response in mass casualty incident
No full textInternational audienceMass casualty incidents caused by unpredictable and devastating disasters result in significant property loss and pose serious threats to human life. In such crises, the ethical priority of emergency responders is to save as many lives as possible, despite limited medical resources. Effective delivery of emergency medical services is crucial in managing life-threatening events. The severe shortage of medical support during these disasters requires each medical professional to treat multiple patients simultaneously. Additionally, professionals should also promote the overall effectiveness of treatment by preventing "tying" themselves to one patient. This research introduces a scheduling model that integrates multitasking into patient treatment plans. The model aims to minimize time-related objectives to ensure a rapid medical response in time-critical scenarios, allowing all patients to benefit from more efficient prioritization schemes. To proactively evaluate the proposed model and treatment plans without incurring actual risks, a comprehensive solution framework has been developed. This framework includes asymptotically optimal heuristics, a well-designed branch-and-bound algorithm for exact solutions, and an improved memetic algorithm. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the framework across various problem scales. By analyzing the structures of various solutions, managers gain valuable insights that inform policy decisions and guide emergency response planning
Kaamelott ou le quotidien d'un manager en situation de permacrise
No full textInternational audienceCette communication analyse comment la série Kaamelott peut nous aider à comprendre le quotidien d'un manager en 2025
La nature singulière des processus entrepreneuriaux : le cas des entrepreneurs culturels
No full textTable ronde du jeudi 26 juin de 14h30 à 15h30International audienceMettre en lumière la singularité des entrepreneurs culturels.Loin d’être un simple sous-segment de l’entrepreneuriat classique, l’entrepreneuriat culturel est aujourd’hui reconnu comme un champ d’étude à part entière, à l’intersection des dynamiques artistiques, économiques et sociales.Ce qui le rend si singulier, c’est sa capacité à conjuguer des logiques souvent opposées : la passion créative et la viabilité économique, la liberté artistique et l’engagement social, l’expérimentation et la pérennité. Ses produits sont souvent immatériels, ses temporalités longues, ses parcours non linéaires. Et pourtant, derrière cette apparente fragilité, il y a une force : celle de créer de la valeur plurielle – économique, symbolique, sociale et territoriale.Les entrepreneurs culturels opèrent dans un environnement en perpétuelle mutation. Ils doivent composer avec la transition numérique, l’évolution des politiques publiques, et un public en quête de récits porteurs de sens. Les travaux de Beaupré-Gateau et Bissonnette (2024) nous invitent à abandonner les visions caricaturales du créateur insouciant ou de l’entrepreneur acharné : ce sont des postures multiples, des arrangements singuliers, des arbitrages constants. De même, les recherches sur l’entreprenance artistique ou sur les parcours en contextes linguistiques minoritaires (Emin & Schieb-Bienfait, 2024 ; Bissonnette, 2020) nous rappellent combien cet entrepreneuriat est situé, contextuel, et intimement lié à des questions d’identité, de reconnaissance et de légitimation.Face à cela, les approches classiques de l’entrepreneuriat – centrées sur la croissance, l’innovation technologique ou la scalabilité – sont souvent inopérantes. Il nous faut donc des outils analytiques adaptés, plus fins, plus sensibles. Et c’est précisément ce que cette table ronde cherche à proposer : un espace de réflexion critique, pour mettre en lumière ces acteurs, souvent invisibilisés, qui pourtant structurent une part essentielle de notre vie culturelle.Nous poserons ensemble cette question centrale : Comment mettre en lumière et mieux tenir compte de la singularité des entrepreneurs culturels, afin de favoriser leur développement
Recension de l’ouvrage de Nicolas Roux, La précarité durable. Vivre en emploi discontinu
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction Dès le titre de l’ouvrage, Nicolas Roux annonce le paradoxe qu’il souhaite interroger : comment un enchaînement de contrats courts peut-il être accepté et supporté par des individus alors même que dans certains secteurs, il ne constitue ni un sas vers la stabilité en emploi, ni la conséquence d’une chute sociale, mais devient la norme ? L’auteur reprend ainsi son travail de thèse (2017) pour explorer comment les salarié·es, premier·ères concerné·es, vivent cette précarité durabl..
Lightweight Trustworthy Distributed Clustering
No full textEnsuring data trustworthiness within individual edge nodes while facilitating collaborative data processing poses a critical challenge in edge computing systems (ECS), particularly in resource-constrained scenarios such as autonomous systems sensor networks, industrial IoT, and smart cities. This paper presents a lightweight, fully distributed k-means clustering algorithm specifically adapted for edge environments, leveraging a distributed averaging approach with additive secret sharing, a secure multiparty computation technique, during the cluster center update phase to ensure the accuracy and trustworthiness of data across nodes
Hippocampal Astrocyte Morphology Follows an Unexpected Trajectory With Age in a Transgenic Rodent Model of Tauopathy.
No full textInternational audienceIndividual protoplasmic astrocytes have very complex and diverse spongiform shapes. The morphological diversity of astrocytes is determined by the structural and functional interactions of the astrocyte with its microenvironment. When faced with pathological conditions, astrocytes reorganize their morphology. Yet, little is known about the astrocytic response in pure tauopathies and its evolution over time. Here, we aimed to investigate the consequences of a primary neuronal tau pathology on astrocyte fine morphology at three stages of the disease using the transgenic Thy-Tau22 mouse model. We first showed that hippocampal astrocytes in Thy-Tau22 mice progressively accumulate hyperphosphorylated tau with age. We then developed a pipeline of analyses, including 3D reconstruction of hippocampal tdTomato-labeled astrocytes via a PHP.eB adeno-associated virus, confocal microscopy, Imaris software morphometric analysis, and an advanced statistical analysis. During normal aging, the complexity of astrocyte morphology peaked at adulthood, then declined. In contrast, in Thy-Tau22 mice, tauopathy was associated with a simpler initial morphology, followed by the appearance of a cluster of complex cells at the most advanced stage. Using principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering based on 10 morphological features, we were able to identify different astrocyte morphotypes whose relative proportion varies differently with age between WT and Thy-Tau22 mice. Interestingly, we revealed that a fraction of astrocytes with a complex morphology re-emerges late in tauopathy-affected animals. Our data highlight the concept of significant and reversible structural plasticity of astrocytes when faced with chronic pathological conditions
Do independent directors inform the share of CSR criteria in executive compensation? Moderating effect of gender diversity
No full textFNEGE 3, ABS 2International audienceThis paper extends and enriches the current research on CSR, CEO compensation contracts and characteristics of the board of directors by examining an underexplored question related to the potential impact of independent board members on the share of CSR criteria in executive compensation. It also considers a potential moderating effect of gender diversity in this relationship. Empirical analyses of a sample French firms listed on the SBF120 index between 2014 and 2021 show that independent directors have no impact on the inclusion of CSR criteria in the annual bonus of senior executives. They also reveal that gender diversity can strengthen the role of independent directors in indexing executive compensation to CSR criteria. The findings can be useful for corporate boards and policymakers seeking to boost the adoption of CSR criteria in executive compensation contracts. They provide empirical support for the Zimmermann law (2011) and urge the policymakers to boost the appointment of female directors on boards