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Les apprentis ingénieurs : des ingénieurs et des apprentis comme les autres ?
No full textInternational audienc
La BIS présente... "Cultures écrites de l'économie aux époques médiévale et moderne"
No full textAnne Conchon, Laurent Feller et Emmanuel Huertas présenteront l’ouvrage Cultures écrites de l’économie aux époques médiévale et moderne (Éditions de la Sorbonne) à la Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de la Sorbonne, le 30 janvier 2025L'écriture occupe une place essentielle dans les activités économique et marchande. Les documents produits dans ce cadre n'ont pas seulement une fonction mémorielle ou testimoniale : ils sont au cœur même des processus de prise de décision, d’information et d’organisation qui rendent possibles la production de biens et l’échange commercial. Ils sont en ce sens performatifs : ils ne se contentent pas de raconter ou de documenter une action terminée, mais sont le moyen par lequel se construit la rationalité pratique des individus et des groupes. Ces écrits – comptabilité et correspondance marchandes, enregistrement et inscription d’actes de gestion et de transaction, organisation du prélèvement seigneurial de l’impôt ou encore confection de cadastres – éclairent ainsi les liens étroits entre activité économique et production documentaire.Les auteurs et autrices réfléchissent au concept de scripturalité, ainsi qu’aux enjeux posés par l’administration et l’organisation de la mémoire historique : autant de pratiques qui participent à la subsistance des hommes, à leur enrichissement ou à leur appauvrissement, à la réussite ou à l’échec de leurs entreprises
Aus Altem Neues? Kaiserliche Gewerbe-, Fabriks- und Handlungsprivilegien in der Frühen Neuzeit
No full textInternational audienc
Optimized Yolov8 feature fusion algorithm for dental disease detection
No full textInternational audienceIn oral panoramic film dental disease detection, image magnification distortion and low contrast often result in unclear details and features of target regions, increasing the difficulty of accurate detection. Although mainstream object detection algorithms have shown excellent performance in various fields, their direct application to dental disease detection has been suboptimal. To address these challenges, this study proposes an improved YEM-SAFN model to enhance the recognition of dental conditions. The proposed model incorporates a novel small-target network structure to address the multi-scale and significant size differences of targets in dental disease detection. Additional detection heads for different scales were introduced to improve the model's ability to recognize various dental diseases effectively. To mitigate the issue of tissue offset or overlap in panoramic dental films, the HCSA attention mechanism was integrated, enabling the model to focus on feature extraction in disease-specific regions. Additionally, a redesigned weighted fusion module enhances the utilization of features across scales, improving the model's feature representation capability. The improved YEM-SAFN algorithm achieves a 3.2 % increase in mAP compared to the original YOLOv8s algorithm, attaining an mAP of 86.7 % and outperforming other mainstream algorithms. This model provides an efficient and accurate method for dental condition identification and diagnosis
Traduction et création en régime vériste / naturaliste
No full textInternational audienceNuméro 99 de la revue Les Cahiers naturaliste
Le management durable en pratique : quel rôle dévolu aux acteurs de terrain ?
No full textInternational audienc
Politics in the facebook era. Evidence from the 2016 US presidential elections
No full textFNEGE 3, ABS 2International audienceSocial media allow political campaigns to reach specific groups of voters with unprecedented precision, yet the effect on voting behaviour of this political micro-targeting is still uncertain. To identify this effect we match survey data with a novel indicator of Facebook political ads intensity, based on audience-specific ad prices and collected during the 2016 US presidential campaign. We find that being exposed to Facebook micro-targeted ads reduced the likelihood of persuading Democrat respondents to cast the ballot in favour of the Democrat candidate and, on the other hand, it increased the likelihood of persuading Republicans and residents of traditionally red or swing states to switch their vote in favour of Mr Trump. A counterfactual analysis exercise exploring the effect on voter mobilisation and persuasion of varying the intensity of political campaigning on Facebook confirms that Trump was the primary beneficiary of micro-targeted ad campaigns on Facebook
The Actin Depolymerizing Factor StADF2 Alters StREM1.3 Plasma Membrane Nanodomains to Inhibit the \emphPotato Virus X
No full textPrépublicationABSTRACT The dynamic regulation of the plasma membrane (PM) organization at the nanoscale emerged as a key element shaping the outcome of host-microbe interactions. Protein organization into nanodomains (ND) is often assumed to be linked to the activation of cellular processes. In contrast, we have previously shown that the phosphorylation of the Solanum tuberosum REM1.3 (StREM1.3) N-terminal domain disperses its native ND organization and promotes its inhibitory effect on Potato Virus X (PVX) cell-to-cell movement. Here, we show that the phosphorylation of StREM1.3 modify the chemical environment of numerous residues in its intrinsically-disordered N-terminal domain. We leveraged exploratory screens to identify potential phosphorylation-dependent interactors of StREM1.3. Herewith, we uncovered uncharacterized regulators of PVX cell-to-cell movement, linking StREM1.3 to autophagy, water channels and the actin cytoskeleton. We show that the Solanum tuberosum actin depolymerizing factors 2 (StADF2) alters StREM1.3 NDs and limits PVX cell-to-cell movement in a REMORIN-dependent manner. Mutating a conserved single residue reported to affect ADFs affinity to actin inhibits StADF2 effect on StREM1.3 ND organization and PVX cell-to-cell movement. These observations provide functional links between the organization of plant PM and the actin cytoskeleton and suggests that the alteration of StREM1.3 ND organization promotes plant anti-viral responses. We envision that analogous PM re-organization applies for additional signaling pathways in plants and in other organisms
Association Between Surgeon Stress and Major Surgical Complications
No full textInternational audienceImportance. Surgeon stress can influence technical and nontechnical skills, but the consequences for patient outcomes remain unknown.Objective. To investigate whether surgeon physiological stress, as assessed by sympathovagal balance, is associated with postoperative complications.Design, Setting, and Participants. This multicenter prospective cohort study included 14 surgical departments involving 7 specialties within 4 university hospitals in Lyon, France. Exclusion criteria consisted of patient age younger than 18 years, palliative surgery, incomplete operative time-stamping data, procedures with a duration of less than 20 minutes, and invalid surgeon heart rate variability (HRV) data. Data were accrued between November 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021, with 30-day follow-up completed on May 8, 2022. Analyses were performed from January 1 to May 31, 2024.Exposure. Sympathovagal balance of the attending surgeon in the first 5 minutes of surgery.Main Outcomes and Measures. Major surgical complications, extended intensive care unit stay, and mortality within 30 days, after adjustment via mixed-effects multivariable logistic regression for surgeon age, professional status, the time of incision, the random effect of the surgeon, and a composite risk score incorporating patient comorbidities and surgery characteristics. Sympathovagal balance was quantified by the low frequency to high frequency (LF:HF) ratio derived from HRV data measured by chest monitors worn intraoperatively. The LF:HF ratio was normalized at the surgeon level to the median value observed for each surgeon during the study period to control for baseline differences.Results. A total of 793 surgical procedures performed by 38 attending surgeons were included in the analysis. Median patient age was 62 (IQR, 47-72) years, and 412 (52.0%) were female, with a median of 2 (IQR, 1-4) comorbidities. Median surgeon age was 46 (IQR, 39-52) years, 39 (78.9%) were male, and 22 (57.9%) were professors. Median surgeon heart rate was 88 (IQR, 77-99) beats per minute. Median surgeon LF:HF ratio was 7.16 (IQR, 4.52-10.72) before and 1.00 (IQR, 0.71-1.32) after normalization. Increased surgeon sympathovagal balance during the first 5 minutes of surgery was associated with significantly reduced major surgical complications (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41-0.98; P = .04), though not with reduced intensive care unit stay (AOR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.11-1.01; P = .05) or mortality (AOR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.03-1.03; P = .05).Conclusions and Relevance. Increased surgeon stress at the beginning of a procedure was associated with improved clinical patient outcomes. The results are illustrative of the complex relationship between physiological stress and performance, identify a novel association between measurable surgeon human factors and patient outcomes, and may highlight opportunities to improve patient care
Ubiquity of inverted ’gelatinous’ ecosystem pyramids in the global ocean
No full textSummary paragraph Plankton are essential in marine ecosystems. However, our knowledge of overall community structure is sparse due to inconsistent sampling across their very large organismal size range. Here we use diverse imaging methods to establish complete plankton inventories of organisms spanning five orders of magnitude in size. Plankton community size and trophic structure variation validate a long-held theoretical link between organism size-spectra and ecosystem trophic structures. We found that predator/grazer biomass and biovolume unexpectedly exceed that of primary producers at most (55%) locations, likely due to our better quantification of gelatinous organisms. Bottom- heavy ecosystems (the norm on land) appear to be rare in the ocean. Collectively, gelatinous organisms represent 30% of the total biovolume (8-9% of carbon) of marine plankton communities from tropical to polar ecosystems. Communities can be split into three extreme typologies: diatom/copepod-dominated in eutrophic blooms, rhizarian/chaetognath-dominated in oligotrophic tropical oceans, and gelatinous-dominated elsewhere. While plankton taxonomic composition changes with latitude, functional and trophic structures mostly depend on the amount of prey available for each trophic level. Given future projections of oligotrophication of marine ecosystems, our findings suggest that rhizarian and gelatinous organisms will increasingly dominate the apex position of planktonic ecosystems, leading to significant changes in the ocean’s carbon cycle