HAL Evry
Not a member yet
19237 research outputs found
Sort by
Forum theatre
No full textForum theatre is a practical form of theatre of the oppressed, a format originally developed as part of community education, and which Louise Lacoste argues is useful for policy evaluation. Forum theatre involves actors and oppressed “spect’actors”co-constructing a scene depicting a situation of oppression, with the “spect’actors”; then invited to intervene to change the situation being played out. This format makes it possible to capture the perceptions and experiences of those who are the target of public policies and who live in situations of marginalisation and oppression, and in particular the way in which they receive the policies that target them
Le théâtre forum
No full textLe théâtre forum est une modalité pratique du théâtre de l’opprimé, dispositif qui s’inscrit initialement dans une démarche d’éducation populaire, et dont Louise Lacoste défend ici l’utilité pour l’évaluation des politiques publiques. Le théâtre forum consiste à co-construire entre comédien-ne-s et « spect’acteurs/trices » opprimé-e-s une scène représentant une situation d’oppression, les « spect’acteurs/trices » étant ensuite invité-e-s à intervenir pour faire évoluer la situation jouée. Ce dispositif permet de saisir les perceptions et expériences de destinataires de politiques publiques qui vivent des situations de marginalisation et d’oppression, et notamment la façon dont ils reçoivent ces politiques qui les ciblent
Gait asymmetry assessment through Eigen-Gait components on dissimilarity maps
No full textInternational audienceMotor impairments caused by neurological diseases have an important impact on gait, particularly on the coordination between left and right lower limbs. Deviation from normal gait is often measured to assess this impact on gross motor functions, and to monitor the progress of patients during rehabilitation. The concept of gait dissimilarity map is introduced to represent bilateral raw gait signals, while accounting for their respective spatiotemporal dynamics. A model of gait for the healthy population is constructed through Singular Value Decomposition, considering both lower limbs. The obtained eigenvectors synthesize the symmetry present in gait. Then, by projecting the dissimilarity maps of patients with gait disorders on the space formed by such eigenvectors, we compute their associated Eigen-Gait Asymmetry Index (EGAI) relatively to an average normal gait reference vector. For the knee joint in the sagittal plane, EGAI values of patients are higher (9.73 ±2.16) than those of healthy controls (3.86 ±0.9), reflecting the asymmetry induced by neurological diseases. Patients with hemiparesis show the highest EGAI (10.4 ±1.8), followed by patients with paraparesis (9.9 ±1.8) and patients with tetraparesis (8.6 ±2.5). Indeed, patients with hemiparesis show a more asymmetrical gait since only one side of the body is affected. EGAI for hip, ankle and pelvis joints in the sagittal plane show similar trends. Our innovative method characterizes bilateral gait, enriching traditional unilateral assessments. Our method yields a comprehensive score reflecting both asymmetry and gait deviations, aiming to provide clinicians with an effective and precise monitoring tool
Preparation and investigation of K0.5Na0.5NbO3-Bi(Sr0.5Hf0.5)O3 transparent energy storage ceramic
No full textInternational audiencePotassium niobate sodium-based ceramics with unique optical and electrical properties are used to develop transparent energy storage capacitors. The (1-x)K0.5Na0.5NbO3-xBi(Sr0.5Hf0.5)O3 (KNN-BSH, x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1) ceramics are prepared and intensively investigated in this work. The results show that the average grain of KNN-BSH ceramics reaches a minimum of 0.64 μm, owing to the effective suppression of grain growth by (Sr0.5Hf0.5)3+ doping at the B-site. The KNN-BSH ceramics exhibit pseudo-cubic phases and are excellent relaxation ferroelectric ceramics. In particular, the total energy storage density (Wtotal) of 0.95KNN-0.05BSH ceramic is 3.94 J/cm3, the recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) is 2.85 J/cm3, and the discharge time (t0.9) is 0.92 μs, which is optimal for comprehensive performance. Besides, the band gap of 0.975KNN-0.025BSH reaches a maximum value of 3.13 eV with a high transmittance of about 57.3 % at a wavelength of 950 nm. The results indicate that KNN-BSH ceramics can be an alternative for transparent energy storage materials
A communications Network to conquer the Maghreb: Road, postal and telegraph connections (Hauts Plateaux and desert in the 19th c)
No full textInternational audienc
Génération de données transcriptomiques à l'aide de modèles génératifs profonds
No full textThis thesis explores deep generative models to improve synthetic transcriptomics data generation, addressing data scarcity in phenotypes classification tasks. We focus on Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), and diffusion models (DDPM/DDIM), assessing their ability to balance realism and diversity in high-dimensional tabular datasets. First, we adapt quality metrics for gene expression and introduce a knowledge-based self-attention module within GANs (AttGAN) to improve the fidelity-diversity trade-off. A main contribution is boosting classification performance using minimal real samples augmented with synthetic data. Secondly, another contribution was the first adaptation of diffusion models to transcriptomic data, demonstrating competitiveness with VAEs and GANs. We also introduce an interpolation analysis bringing perspectives on data diversity and the identification of biomarkers. Finally, we present GMDA (Generative Modeling with Density Alignment), a resource efficient alternative to GANs that balances realism and diversity by aligning locally real and synthetic sample densities. This framework allows controlled exploration of instance space, stable training, and frugality across datasets. Ultimately, this thesis provides comprehensiveinsights and methodologies to advance synthetic transcriptomics data generation.Cette thèse explore l'utilisation de modèles génératifs profonds pour améliorer la génération de données transcriptomiques, répondant aux défis de rareté des données dans la classification de phénotypes de cancers. Nous évaluons la capacité des Autoencodeurs Variationnels (VAEs), des Réseaux Antagonistes Génératifs (GANs) et des modèles de diffusion (DDPM/DDIM) à équilibrer réalisme et diversité sur des données tabulaires de haute dimension. Nous avons d'abord adapté des métriques d'évaluation, supervisées et non supervisées. Nous avons ensuite intégré un moduled'auto-attention basé sur les connaissances du domaine dans notre GAN (AttGAN), améliorantle compromis fidélité-diversité. Une contribution notable est l'augmentation de la performance de classification avec un nombre minimal de vraies données augmenté de données générées. Nous proposons également une première adaptation des modèles de diffusion pour l'expression des gènes, ainsi qu'une méthodologie d'analyse d'interpolation offrant des perspectives sur la diversité des données et l'identification de biomarqueurs. Enfin, nous présentons GMDA (Modélisation Générativeavec Alignement de Densités), un modèle génératif alternatif aux GANs, permettant une exploration contrôlée de l'espace des données, une stabilité et une architecture frugale. Cette thèse offre ainsi des perspectives pour la génération de données transcriptomiques et tabulaires au sens large
Protocol-Based SMC for Fuzzy Semi-Markov Switching Systems With Multizone Probabilitic Time-Varying Delays
No full textInternational audienceThis study addresses the sliding mode control (SMC) for Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy semi-Markov switching systems (FSMSSs) characterized by multizone probabilistic time-varying delays. The dynamic behaviors of FSMSSs are captured through a comprehensive semi-Markov process framework that accommodates arbitrary switching scenarios. In addition, a tailored SMC law that ensures the system's trajectory reaches and maintains a preset sliding surface over a specified finite time is applied. To address the challenges of communication load, a novel multizone probabilistic dynamic event-triggered protocol is introduced, leveraging the time-varying nature of transmission delays and incorporating two adjustable internal dynamic variables. The establishment of sufficient conditions for ensuring the stochastic finite-time stability of the closed-loop system is achieved through an effective Lyapunov functional methodology. Finally, the validity and superiority of the proposed methodologies is demonstrated by a mass-spring-damper mechanical system
Improvement of energy storage properties of Bi0.5 Na0.5TiO3 ceramics by doping La0.9Bi0.1Ni0.67Ta0.33O3
No full textInternational audienceDielectric capacitors have been extensively studied for high power density and fast charge-discharge rates. However, its lower recyclable energy density (Wrec) and efficiency (η) have limited its development in the field of pulse dielectric capacitors. In this work, La0.9Bi0.1Ni0.67Ta0.33O3 (LBNT) was introduced into Bi0.5 Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) using the solid-state reaction method to modify the phase structure and grain size of the ceramics, enhance the breakdown electric field (Eb) of the ceramics, and further improve the Wrec and η. The Eb was improved, the high polarization was retained by Bi3+ ions, and the reduction of the residual polarization (Pr) was achieved by enhancing the relaxation behavior. A high Wrec of 2.75 J/cm3 and a high η of 82.89 % were obtained at 0.85BNT-0.15LBNT, and excellent charge-discharge rates (current density CD = 639.06 A/cm2, power density PD = 51.25 MW/cm3, and charge-discharge rate t0.9 = 1.03 μs), which indicates excellent potential for energy storage applications
Extension of the visibility concept for EEG signal processing
No full textInternational audienceObjective . Visibility is an intrinsic property of any network of sensors that describes the regions in which its measurement sensitivity is concentrated. Initially introduced to describe the global spatial sensitivity of air pollution monitoring networks, we propose to extend the concept of visibility to characterize the detection capabilities of electroencephalography (EEG) systems utilized to measure brain electrical activity. Approach . In this paper, we represent visibility within the brain as a field of symmetric 3 × 3 matrices, satisfying the so-called ‘renormalization conditions’ and interpreted as second-order tensors. A compact and computationally efficient iterative algorithm is proposed for computing this tensor field. In addition, we explain how to visualize and present the visibility information in an intuitive and easily understandable way. Main results . The visibility concept is exploited to evaluate and compare the ability of three consumer-grade EEG headsets to detect and localize an arbitrary current distribution in the brain. Additionally, visibility is applied to derive an inverse solution that can solve the neuroelectromagnetic inverse problem (NIP) by reconstructing focal brain sources from EEG data. Significance . Although the lead field function approach can be employed to describe the sensitivity of individual electrodes from an EEG headset, this paper extends the sensor network’s visibility concept to characterize the sensing capabilities of a complete EEG system. The comparison between three consumer-grade EEG headsets shows that the size of the low-visibility brain area decreases when the number of electrodes used increases. In addition, we show that the source parameters are best estimated by the inverse solution when they are oriented towards the maximum visibility direction
Requalification du contrat entre l’e-sportif et sa structure : la boite de Pandore est ouverte
No full textInternational audiencePour la première fois, un tribunal requalifie le contrat d’un joueur-travailleur indépendant avec son entreprise en contrat de travail. Sans même étudier les conditions concrètes d’exercice du joueur, il déduit l’absence d’indépendance du joueur de la lettre du contrat