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Genome sequences of four Ixodes species expands understanding of tick evolution
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Ticks, hematophagous Acari, pose a significant threat by transmitting various pathogens to their vertebrate hosts during feeding. Despite advances in tick genomics, high-quality genomes were lacking until recently, particularly in the genus Ixodes, which includes the main vectors of Lyme disease.Results: Here, we present the genome sequences of four tick species, derived from a single female individual, with a particular focus on the European species Ixodes ricinus, achieving a chromosome-level assembly. Additionally, draft assemblies were generated for the three other Ixodes species, I. persulcatus, I. pacificus, and I. hexagonus. The quality of the four genomes and extensive annotation of several important gene families have allowed us to study the evolution of gene repertoires at the level of the genus Ixodes and of the tick group. We have determined gene families that have undergone major amplifications during the evolution of ticks, while an expression atlas obtained for I. ricinus reveals striking patterns of specialization both between and within gene families. Notably, several gene family amplifications are associated with a proliferation of single-exon genes—most strikingly for fatty acid elongases and sulfotransferases.Conclusions: The integration of our data with existing genomes establishes a solid framework for the study of gene evolution, improving our understanding of tick biology. In addition, our work lays the foundations for applied research and innovative control targeting these organisms
Framework pour l'implémentation de l'innovation digitale responsable: dimensions, meilleures pratiques et défis
No full textFNEGE 2, ABS 1International audienceResponsible Digital Innovation (RDI) presents a critical challenge for companies seeking to align digital innovation with sustainability goals and responsible managerial practices. This study develops a framework for RDI based on 18 qualitative interviews with companies. The first contribution of this study is to extend the literature on innovation management, digital innovation, and responsible innovation by linking these topics to build the RDI framework. The second contribution highlights five main dimensions of RDI: responsible digital innovation strategy, responsible by design digital innovation, organization challenges and KPI on RDI, digital responsibility towards end users, and catalysts. These five dimensions are split into twenty-five sub-dimensions illustrated by practices. By investigating the concept of RDI, this study contributes to the necessary shift from classical innovation management to sustainable innovation to address the dark issue of digital innovation. Therefore, we propose an RDI framework to channel digital innovation in a direction that fosters social well-being
Digital twin: a driver of sustainable smart cities? Evidence from a bibliometric analysis
No full textABS 1International audienceDigital twins (DT) have emerged as expected powerful tools for optimizing products, processes and services within the industry. In urban areas, DT should foster the development of innovative services to make the city even smarter. They should also respond to several key challenges such as economic development, social inclusion and adaptation to the effects of climate change. Although a significant number of papers have examined the three topics of DT, smart city and sustainability, to date, literature has paid little attention to the intersection between them. The aim of this paper is to explore the potential linkages between these three themes. To do this, a bibliometric analysis is carried out. This paper provides the main characteristics of DT for smart cities (1). It defines the concept of “sustainable smart cities” and focuses on the role and contribution of DT for urban sustainability (2). It analyzes the challenges, in terms of engineering (3) and societal (4) that DT imply for sustainability smart cities. These first insights and results are helping to fuel a debate on the place of technology in our societies and the path to be taken towards greater sustainability
Bandgap characteristics of rib-stiffened plates with fluid–structure interaction: A finite element approach
No full textInternational audienceThis work offers a comprehensive investigation into the vibration band gaps of periodically rib-stiffened plates, incorporating the effects of fluid–structure interaction (FSI). By coupling the Mindlin plate theory with Timoshenko beam theory, the proposed model enables flexible arrangements of ribs within the plate structure, enhancing its design versatility. The inertial effects of the surrounding fluid are rigorously accounted for through an augmented mass matrix, which includes Bloch periodic boundary conditions, providing a robust framework for capturing the FSI phenomena. Numerical validations confirm the accuracy of both the rib-stiffened plate model in the absence of fluid and the FSI-integrated model. A systematic exploration of vibration band gaps is conducted, emphasizing the influence of various rib configurations under fluid–structure interaction. Detailed parametric analysis of orthogonally rib-stiffened plates reveals that specific rib designs play a crucial role in tuning the band gaps, offering valuable insights for optimizing vibro-acoustic performance in engineering applications
Design of fault-tolerant non-fragile control for parabolic PDE systems with semi-Markov jump: the finite-time case
No full textInternational audienceThis study looks into the problem of non-fragile control design for PDE systems in the presence of Neumann-type boundary conditions. In particular, the considered PDE is a parabolic type having semi-Markov jump and is subject to parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. The primary objective of this study is to provide a fault-tolerant non-fragile control protocol that ensures the targeted stabilisation of the system despite gain variations and actuator faults. Moreover, the impact of external disturbances is minimised by employing mixed (Formula presented.) and passivity performance. After that, adequate criteria are established in the framework of linear matrix inequalities through the construction of a proper Lyapunov function together with the employment of integral-based Wirtinger's inequality such that it ensures the accomplishment of finite-time boundedness with a satisfactory performance level for the closed-loop system. Consequently, the explicit configuration of the developed controller gain matrices is computed, which is obtained by solving the developed criteria. Finally, to show the effectiveness of the devised control approach, simulation results with numerical examples are made available
Sampled-Data Neural Network Observer for Motion State Estimation of Full Driving Automation Vehicle
No full textInternational audienceThe lateral state information of vehicles is pivotal for their lateral control and safety monitoring of motion states. In light of the high cost associated with a vehicle's lateral speed sensor, this study focuses on estimating the lateral velocity of autonomous vehicles using the vehicle's longitudinal speed and yaw rate. The main difficulty is that the state estimation is affected by sampled and delayed sensor data measurements as well as unknown modeling uncertainties. To overcome these challenges, this article proposes a novel sampled data neural network observer. The proposed observer consists of two components: a continuous state observer and a compensating injector. The compensating injector is devised to offset the information loss during sampling by digital sensors. Additionally, a radial basis function neural network is employed to approximate the unknown dynamics and modeling uncertainties in the vehicle systems. The weights of the neural network are updated using a newly designed weight update law. Furthermore, to tackle the challenge of both sampling and delay measurement, an additional integrator is incorporated in the designed compensating injector. This additional integrator aims to mitigate the impact of sensor data delays on the estimation process. Finally, the stability of the proposed method is demonstrated using the Lyapunov technique. The effectiveness of the proposed sampled data neural network observer is verified through simulation and experiment performed on a full driving automation vehicle experimental platform
La transformation des conventions de qualité artistique: Le cas des oeuvres du 1% artistique
No full textFrom the earliest years of its existence in France, the public commissioning scheme known as the 1% artistic contribution (to the cost of construction of public buildings) has been the subject of much criticism, fueling controversy surrounding contemporary art and the denunciation of avant-garde academicism. This paper departs from this critical sociology of cultural policy, based on the hypothesis of a plurality of conventions for evaluating the quality of 1% artworks. By taking a historical perspective (1951-2022), the analysis of artistic quality conventions provides a privileged vantage point from which to observe changes in the aims of this regulatory mechanism and the criticisms to which it is subjected. The text begins by characterizing each of the three periods distinguished with reference to a dominant quality convention supported by a certain type of ‘market intermediary’. In the fourth part, it offers a summary, showing the specific nature of each of these conventions, according to different characteristics, as well as their interrelationship.Dès les premières années de sa création en France, le dispositif de la commande publique dit du 1% artistique (du coût de la construction) a fait l’objet de nombreuses critiques qui ont alimenté les controverses autour de l’art contemporain et la dénonciation d’un académisme d’avant-garde. Ce texte s’éloigne de cette sociologie critique de la politique culturelle à partir de l’hypothèse d’une pluralité de conventions d’évaluation de la qualité de la commande publique. En retenant une perspective historique (1951-2022), l’analyse par les conventions de qualité artistique constitue un point d’observation privilégié des évolutions des finalités de ce dispositif réglementaire et des critiques dont il va faire l’objet. Le texte commence par caractériser chacune des trois périodes distinguées en référence à une convention de qualité dominante portée par un certain type d’intermédiaire. Dans une quatrième partie, il propose une synthèse en montrant la spécificité de chacune de ces conventions, suivant différentes caractéristiques, ainsi que leur intrication
The role of values and attitude in food waste reduction: exploring ideal sustainable business strategies
No full textFNEGE 3, ABS 3International audienceFood waste concerns are growing globally. Previous studies identified several strategies to reduce food waste. However, how individuals' values guide them towards food waste has not been adequately explored. This study examines the role of individual values and attitudinal mechanisms on food waste reduction behaviors. We adopt the value–attitude–behavior (VAB) theory as a theoretical underpinning to conceptualize a research model. Specifically, the study utilized altruistic and biospheric values as value dimensions, anticipated guilt and personal responsibility as attitudinal mechanisms, willingness to pay for food waste recycling, and food waste segregation as the outcome behavioral constructs. A survey approach is used to collect data from US household consumers. Findings indicate that altruistic values evoke anticipated guilt and personal responsibility, whereas biospheric values shape anticipated guilt. The anticipated guilt and personal responsibility determine consumers' willingness to pay for food waste recycling and segregation of food waste. Additionally, mediating roles of anticipated guilt and personal responsibility were also confirmed. Furthermore, the moderating role of long-term orientation as a critical contingency that affects VAB linkages has been empirically substantiated. The study's findings contribute to the literature on food waste and provide empirical justification for how values shape attitudes that determine food waste reduction behaviors. Policymakers should design instruments to foster food waste reduction behaviors based on the effectuality of values and attitudes unraveled by this research
A Pan-European study of the bacterial plastisphere diversity along river-to-sea continuums
No full textInternational audienceMicroplastics provide a persistent substrate that can facilitate the transport of microbes from one ecosystem to another. Since most marine plastic debris originates from land and is carried to the ocean by rivers, a significant concern about the plastisphere is the potential dispersal of freshwater bacteria into the sea. To address this question, we explored the plastisphere on microplastic debris (MPs) and on pristine microplastics (pMPs) as well as the bacteria living in surrounding waters, along the river-sea continuum in nine major European rivers sampled during the seven months of the Tara Microplastics mission. In both marine and riverine waters, we found a clear niche partitioning among MPs and pMPs plastispheres when compared to the bacteria living in the surrounding waters. Among the large dataset, we found a clear gradient of bacterial community structure from the freshwater to the sea, with a complete segregation in plastisphere composition between the two ecosystems. We also described for the first time a virulent human pathogenic bacteria on MPs (Shewanella putrefaciens) able to infect human intestinal epithelial cells, that was only detected in river. Our results reinforce the major role played by the environmental conditions in shaping plastisphere biodiversity, that is not consistent with a critical transfer of pathogens between freshwater and seawater ecosystems
Exploring the Potential of Fuzzy Sets in Cyborg Enhancement: A Comprehensive Review
No full textInternational audienceIn an era marked by the rapid advancement of information technology, individuals now have the ability to enhance their organic bodies with mechanical and computational devices, revolutionizing their capabilities in everyday activities. However, the seamless integration of biosignals with mechanical counterparts continues to pose significant challenges. To address this, fuzzy logic emerges as a potential key to these challenges, offering a promising solution for handling the uncertainties and ambiguity inherent in biosignals. It thereby facilitates improved cyborg intelligence in an array of applications, including but not limited to WBANs, brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), prosthetics, and exoskeletons. Although previous works have highlighted the enhancement of cyborg intelligence using fuzzy sets, all of them only dived single aspects of the cyborg intelligence enhancement applications, leading to a lack of comprehensive understanding. Therefore, we provide a holistic overview of the state-of-the-art applications of fuzzy logic in cyborg enhancement technology, encompassing its benefits, challenges, and potential directions for future research