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Plant Genetic Bases Associated With Microbiota Descriptors Shed Light Into a Novel Holobiont Generalist Genes Theory
No full textInternational audiencePlants as animals are associated with a cortege of microbes influencing their health, fitness and evolution. Scientists refer to all living organisms as holobionts, complex genetic units that coevolve simultaneously. This is what has been recently proposed as the hologenome theory. This exciting theory has important implications on animal and plant health; however, it still needs consistent proof to be validated. Indeed, holobionts are still poorly studied in their natural habitats where coevolution processes occur. Compared to animals, wild plant populations are an excellent model to explore the hologenome theory. These sessile holobionts have coevolved with their microbiota for decades, and natural selection and adaptive processes acting on wild plants are likely to regulate the plant–microbe interactions. Here, we conducted a microbiota survey, plant genome sequencing and genome–environmental analysis (GEA) of 26 natural populations of the plant species Brassica rapa . We collected plants over two seasons in Italy and France and analysed the root and rhizosphere microbiota. When conducting GEA, we evidenced neat peaks of association correlating with both fungal and bacterial microbiota. Surprisingly, we found 13 common genes between fungal and bacterial diversity descriptors that we referred to under the name of holobiont generalist genes (HGGs)
Acute Cross-education Effect on Force Production and Central/Peripheral Responses to Unilateral Eccentric and Concentric Resistance Exercise in Elbow Flexors
No full textInternational audienceThe cross-education effect (CE) is the transference of neuromuscular adaptations from a single exercised limb to the contralateral non-exercised limb, which seems to differ between exercise modalities. We compared the acute CE of unilateral eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CONC) resistance exercises on neuromuscular function and force production changes of the non-exercised elbow flexors (EF). Healthy men were randomly allocated into ECC (n=15) or CONC (n=15) groups. The effects of control (CTRLCONC or CTRLECC: 30 min of sitting) and exercise conditions (5 sets x 10 repetitions at 80% of either ECC or CONC 1-repetition maximum) of the dominant EF were measured. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), rate of torque development (RTD), corticospinal excitability (CSE), voluntary activation (VA), and peripheral factors were measured before and immediately after CTRLCONC/CTRLECC or CONC/ECC. Surface electromyography amplitude integral (sEMGi) from the biceps brachii (BB) muscle was monitored during exercise. Physical-mental demands (NASA-TLX) were assessed after exercise. ECC performed 26.2% greater exercise volume than CONC (P=0.01). ECC showed lesser BB sEMGi (P=0.04) than CONC in the exercised EF; however, it induced threefold greater irradiated sEMGi to the non-exercised BB than CONC (P=0.04) during exercise. NASA-TLX was unchanged (P=0.81). The non-exercised EF maintained MVIC, VA, CSP, and peripheral factors after ECC and CONC (P>0.05), but lower RTD was observed after ECC (23.5-29.4%; P<0.05) and CONC (10.8%; P<0.05). Lower CSE at 75% of MVIC occurred after ECC (-17%; P=0.02) compared to CTRLECC, which was correlated to RTD decreases (r=0.45-0.56, P=0.02-0.04). ECC induces acute contralateral reductions in CSE that are associated with decreases in RTD.NEW & NOTEWORTHYUnilateral eccentric and concentric resistance exercises can modulate the neuromuscular response differently, which influences the transference of the force production capacity to the contralateral non-exercised muscle. Unilateral eccentric exercise induced decreases in corticospinal excitability with associated reductions in the early phase of the rate of torque development, which differs from the changes observed after concentric exercise. Thus, both exercise modalities seem to change the excitability differently.</div
Enhancing energy storage performance of BT-based ceramics by doping modification
No full textInternational audienceThe dielectric capacitor is widely used in dielectric energy storage materials for its faster charging and discharging rates, and the higher maximum polarization (Pmax) of BaTiO3(BT)-based lead-free ceramics has attracted extensive research, however, the lower breakdown electric field (Eb) and recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) limit their applications in energy storage. In this work, (1-x) (0.9Ba0.9Ca0.1TiO3-0.1Bi0.5La0.5(Mg0.67Nb0.33)O3)- xBi0.5Na0.5TiO3 lead-free relaxation has been prepared using a solid reaction method by introducing the second component, Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) and Ca2+ doping based on 0.9BaTiO3-0.1Bi0.5La0.5(Mg0.67Nb0.33)O3 (0.9BT-0.1BLMN) ferroelectric ceramics. The introduction of BNT increases the saturation polarization strength of ceramics materials and enhances the relaxation properties of ceramics due to the difference in the radius of the introduced ions, which leads to distortion of the lattice and disruption of the ferroelectric long-range ordered structure. The 0.85 (0.9Ba0.9Ca0.1TiO3-0.1Bi0.5La0.5(Mg0.67Nb0.33)O3)- 0.15Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (0.85 (0.9BCT-0.1BLMN)-0.15BNT) ceramics obtained excellent performance at Eb of 260 kV/cm with Wrec of 2.68 J/cm3 and energy storage efficiency (η) of 86.7 %. In addition, the charging and discharging performance of the 0.85 (0.9BCT-0.1BLMN)-0.15BNT ceramics measured electric field at 140 kV/cm, the power density (PD) is 15.51 MW/cm3 and t0.9 is 1.12 μs
"Au nom des femmes ? Enjeux de délégation du travail ménager par les plateformes de services à domicile".
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First release of the European marine omics biodiversity observation network (EMO BON) shotgun metagenomics data from water and sediment samples
No full textInternational audienceThe European Marine Omics Biodiversity Observation Network (EMO BON) is an initiative of the European Marine Biological Resource Centre (EMBRC) to establish a persistent genomic observatory amongst designated European coastal marine sites, sharing the same protocols for sampling and data curation. Environmental samples are collected from the water column and, at some sites, soft sediments and hard substrates (Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures - ARMS), together with a set of mandatory and discretionary metadata (including Essential Ocean Variables - EOVs). Samples are collected following standardised protocols at regular and specified intervals and sequenced in large six-monthly batches at a centralised sequencing facility. The use of standard operating procedures (SOPs) during data collection, library preparation and sequencing aims to provide uniformity amongst the data collected from the sites. Coupled with strict adherence to open and FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) data principles, this ensures maximum comparability amongst samples and enhances reusability and interoperability of the data with other data sources. The observatory network was launched in June 2021, when the first sampling campaign took place
Quelle histoire pour la santé mentale ? Table-ronde du Comité d'Histoire des Administrations chargées de la Santé (première conférence)
No full textPrise de noteInternational audienceDans le cadre de "2025 – La santé mentale, grande cause nationale", le Comité d’histoire des administrations chargées de la santé (CHAS) organise sa première conférence-débat sur l’histoire de la santé mentale. Ce rendez-vous inaugure un cycle de rencontres visant à éclairer les politiques publiques de santé sous un prisme historique.Intitulée « Quelle histoire pour la santé mentale ? », cette conférence explorera les ressources disponibles et les avancées historiographiques depuis la publication de Folie et déraison de Michel Foucault en 1961. Elle reviendra notamment sur les mutations majeures du XXe siècle, marquées par l’abandon du système asilaire et l’émergence de la sectorisation psychiatrique.Programme :• Conférence magistrale d’Hervé Guillemain, professeur d’histoire contemporaine, laboratoire TEMOS, Le Mans Université, membre de la commission scientifique du CHAS ;• Table-ronde : Frank Bellivier (délégué interministériel à la santé mentale et à la psychiatrie - sous réserve), Camille Lharent (psychiatre, Hôpital Bichat), Anne-Marie Dubois (responsable scientifique et vice-présidente du Musée d’art et d’histoire de l’hôpital Sainte-Anne) et Agathe Meridjen-Manoukian (doctorante en sociologie et archiviste ayant classé et co-réalisé une exposition sur les fonds d'archives de la Maison de Charenton/Hôpital Esquirol). Modération : Philippe Artières (historien, directeur de recherche au CNRS, membre de la commission scientifique du CHAS) et Hélène Servant (conservateur du patrimoine, présidente de la Commission scientifique du CHAS) ;La manifestation introduite par Madame Roselyne Bachelot-Narquin, ancienne ministre de la Santé, présidente du CHAS
On the way to diploidization and unexpected ploidy in the grass Sporobolus section Spartina mesopolyploids
No full textInternational audiencePlant history is characterized by cyclical whole genome duplication and diploidization with important biological and ecological consequences. Here, we explore the genome history of two related iconic polyploid grasses (Sporobolus alterniflorus and S. maritimus), involved in a well-known example of neopolyploid speciation. We report particular genome dynamics where an ancestral Sporobolus genome (n = 2x = 20) duplicated 9.6-24.4 million years ago (MYA), which was followed by descending dysploidy resulting in a genome with an unexpected base chromosome number (n = 15). This diploidized genome duplicated again 2.1-6.2 MYA to form a tetraploid lineage (2n = 4x = 60), thus reshuffling the ploidy of these species previously thought hexaploids. We also elucidate the mechanism accompanying the speciation between S. maritimus (2n = 60) and S. alterniflorus (2n = 62), resulting from chromosome restructuring, and identify key adaptive genes in the corresponding regions. This represents critical findings to decipher molecular mechanisms underlying species expansion, adaptation to environmental challenge and invasiveness
Scheduling a Distributed Permutation Flowshop With Uniform Machines and Release Dates
No full textInternational audienceGlobal manufacturing optimizes production efficiency and cost, enabling enterprises to compete effectively. Distributed production is emerging for the trend of globalization and the requirements of diversified manufacturing, for which distributed scheduling plays an important role in enterprises enhancing efficiency and conserving energy. This study investigates a heterogeneous distributed permutation flowshop scheduling problem to minimize the makespan, in which release date and factory speed are incorporated to mirror a real-world production scenario. A mixed integer programming model is established to address this NP-complete problem using a business optimizer. The findings assist in identifying optimal properties for algorithm development and assessing the performance of a proposed branch and bound algorithm, which includes a problem-specific pruning rule and defined lower and upper bounds to reduce the solution space. For industrial scheduling, a dispatching rule named Dynamic Largest Processing Volume on the Fastest Machine First is proposed, offering asymptotic optimality and ensuring uninterrupted production. Additionally, a discrete artificial bee colony algorithm with a novel availability rule and an abandonment criterion is introduced to improve efficiency. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithms. —Distributed production leverages information technology to integrate geographically decentralized manufacturing units for cost reduction and production enhancement. This mode finds extensive application in automobile, electronics, and medical equipment manufacturing. In mass production scenarios, the online Dynamic Largest Processing Volume on the Fastest Machine First rule provides a viable alternative to optimal algorithms, delivering a convergent schedule rapidly and preventing unnecessary delays. In complex industrial settings, the discrete artificial bee colony algorithm offers effective solutions without relying on a mathematical model, proving more efficient in such environments
Learning-based model predictive control with moving horizon state estimation for autonomous racing
No full textInternational audienceThis paper addresses autonomous racing by introducing a real-time nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC) coupled with a moving horizon estimator (MHE). The racing problem is solved by an NMPC-based off-line trajectory planner that computes the best trajectory while considering the physical limits of the vehicle and circuit constraints. The developed controller is further enhanced with a learning extension based on Gaussian process regression that improves model predictions. The proposed control, estimation, and planning schemes are evaluated on two different race tracks.</div
RNN-based linear parameter varying adaptive model predictive control for autonomous driving
No full textInternational audienceAutonomous driving is a complex and highly dynamic process that ensures controlling the coupled longitudinal and lateral vehicle dynamics. Model predictive control, distinguished by its predictive feature, optimal performance, and ability to handle constraints, makes it one of the most promising tools for this type of control application. The content of this article handles the problem of autonomous driving by proposing an adaptive linear parameter varying model predictive controller (LPV-MPC), where the controller's prediction model is adaptive by means of a recurrent neural network. The proposed LPV-MPC is further optimised by a hybrid Genetic and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (GA-PSO). The developed controller is tested and evaluated on a challenging track under variable wind disturbance