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Kültürel kodlar ile hukuk arasındaki yeni kesişim alanları: Yapay zekâ çağında algoritmik ayrımcılık ve profil oluşturma
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Unsupervised machine learning based anomaly detection in high frequency data: Evidence from cryptocurrency market
No full textThe rapid integration of cryptocurrencies into the global financial ecosystem has introduced unprecedented challenges in market surveillance, risk management, and anomaly detection. While conventional statistical models such as ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) and GARCH (Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity) have been widely used for anomaly detection, their reliance on assumptions of normality and stationarity often fails to capture the complexities of high-frequency, non-linear cryptocurrency trading. Furthermore, traditional risk metrics including down-to-up volatility, negative conditional skewness, and relative frequency may overlook short-term anomalies due to data aggregation limitations.In order to address these issues, this paper proposes machine-learning model for detecting anomalies in cryptocurrency markets using Jupyter Notebook. We compare four advanced unsupervised machine learning models, i.e, Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN), Isolation Forest (iForest), One-Class Support Vector Machine (OC-SVM), and Local Outlier Factor (LOF) for anomaly detection by using Monte Carlo simulations. The findings indicate that DBSCAN has the highest precision (79.7%) with the fewest false positives, making it ideal for supervisory monitoring. However, the high false positive rates of OC-SVM and Isolation Forest limit their use. By using data of six well-known cryptocurrencies at three different temporal resolutions (daily, hourly, and 15-minute) the performance of these four unsupervised learning techniques also examined and confirmed that the anomalies identified by DBSCAN are also consistent with the other three methods. Additionally, for robustness of results, we use UpSet Plots to incorporate the shared anomalies and found across the three unsupervised learning methods. Number of anomalies also depends on the volatility and time interval of cryptocurrencies, more volatile / high frequency more anomalies. The study presents sound methodological approach for facilitating financial monitoring and mitigating risks in the cryptocurrencies market, and provides useful information for market players, analysts and policymakers. These results emphasize the importance of choosing algorithms based on specific surveillance targets to promote greater stability in digital asset environments
İnancın ve küresel yönetişimin diyalektiği: İslam İş Birliği Teşkilatı'nın vizyonu
No full textThe concept of Islamic unity has long been a focal point of discourse within Muslim societies, sparking profound deliberations on the feasibility of fulfilling this divine mandate. This dialogue has significantly influenced the establishment and evolution of institutions such as the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), a 57-member intergovernmental body grounded in Islamic principles. The OIC's primary mission is to represent the collective voice of the Muslim world, safeguard its interests, and promote international peace and harmony among diverse global communities. This study investigates the complex process of integrating an Islamic institution into the broader ecosystem of international organizations, focusing on how the OIC navigates its role as an Islamic institution within the global framework of intergovernmental organizations. It examines the OIC's stances on foundational issues, its commitments, and the strategic narratives it adopts to sustain its legitimacy and advance Islamic unity in international diplomacy. As an organizational ethnography, the research aims to illuminate the challenges and opportunities inherent in advancing Islamic ideals within the realm of international politics. To investigate the OIC's positioning within the realm of international diplomacy, this study employed a critical discourse analysis methodology toward a comprehensive examination of official documents, speeches, and reports produced by the OIC and proponents of the international system. By systematically analyzing the language, themes, and rhetorical strategies present in these texts, the study reveals the underlying ideologies and dynamics that inform the OIC's Islamic discourses. In probing these questions, this inquiry not only revealed the ongoing dialectical evolution that characterizes the OIC but also provided nuanced insights into the interplay between Islamic unity, international diplomacy, and the quest for legitimacy in the contemporary global landscape.İslami birlik kavramı, uzun süredir Müslüman toplumlar içinde tartışmaların odak noktası olmuş ve bu ilahi yükümlülüğün yerine getirilebilmesinin mümkün olup olmadığına dair derin değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Bu diyalog, İslami ilkelere dayanan 57 üyeli bir hükümetler arası kuruluş olan İslam İşbirliği Teşkilatı (İİT) gibi kurumların kurulması ve gelişimini önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. İİT'nin temel misyonu, İslam dünyasının ortak sesini temsil etmek, çıkarlarını korumak ve farklı küresel topluluklar arasında uluslararası barış ve uyumu teşvik etmektir. Bu çalışma, İslamî bir kurumun uluslararası kuruluşlar ekosistemine entegrasyon sürecindeki karmaşık dinamikleri araştırarak, İİT'nin hükümetler arası küresel çerçeve içindeki rolünü nasıl şekillendirdiğini ve meşruiyetini koruyarak İslami birliği uluslararası diplomaside nasıl ilerlettiğini incelemektedir. Kurumsal bir etnografi olarak tasarlanan bu araştırma, uluslararası siyaset alanında İslami idealleri ilerletmenin beraberinde getirdiği zorlukları ve fırsatları aydınlatmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, İİT'nin uluslararası diplomasi alanındaki konumlanışını incelemek için eleştirel söylem analizi yöntemini kullanarak, İİT tarafından üretilen resmi belgeler, konuşmalar ve raporlar ile uluslararası sistemin aktörleri tarafından ortaya konulan metinleri kapsamlı bir şekilde analiz etmiştir. Bu metinlerdeki dil, temalar ve retorik stratejiler sistematik bir şekilde incelenerek, İİT'nin İslami söylemlerini şekillendiren temel ideolojiler ve dinamikler ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu sorulara yanıt arayan çalışma, İİT'yi karakterize eden sürekli diyalektik evrimi ortaya koymanın yanı sıra, İslami birlik, uluslararası diplomasi ve çağdaş küresel düzende meşruiyet arayışı arasındaki etkileşimlere dair derinlemesine içgörüler sunmuştur
Exploring covert diplomacy in peace negotiations
No full textArmed groups seeking political or territorial change frequently challenge governments, leading to protracted armed conflicts. However, not all conflicts are resolved through decisive military victories. As a result, states have increasingly turned to secret negotiations as an alternative means of engagement. While secrecy can facilitate diplomatic flexibility, its effectiveness depends on the credibility of the government’s commitment to cooperation. This study examines how the selection of government representatives in secret negotiations influences rebel group behavior and the likelihood of cooperation. Drawing on costly signaling theory and research on secrecy in diplomacy, this study argues that the level of government representation in secret negotiations serves as a key mechanism for signaling credibility. Specifically, high‐level representatives function as costly signals, reassuring rebels of the government’s seriousness and increasing the likelihood of cooperation. By contrast, low‐level representatives provide strategic deniability but fail to generate trust, making negotiations less effective. This dynamic is particularly relevant in democratic settings, where governments face domestic audience costs if secret negotiations are exposed. To test these claims, the study employs a large‐ quantitative analysis of secret negotiations between democratic governments and rebel groups. The findings indicate that secret negotiations led by high‐level representatives significantly reduce rebel violence. In contrast, those conducted by low‐level representatives fail to establish credibility and do not contribute to de‐escalation. These results highlight the importance of credibility, the choice of representatives, and secrecy in conflict resolution, with implications for backchannel diplomacy and long‐term cooperation outcomes
Analyzing anomalies for financial fraud detection: A case study of selected insurance companies listed in Borsa Istanbul
No full textThis study aims to identify anomalies in the financial data of six leading insurance companies listed on Borsa Istanbul, Türkiye. Traditional anomaly detection methods like GARCH, ARIMA and moving averages have inherent limitations, including the requirement of stationarity, strict distributional assumptions and risks of model mis-specification. To address these issues, we employ four alternative risk measures, i.e., Down-to-Up Volatility (DUV), Negative Conditional Skewness (NCS), Relative Frequency (RF) and the Garman-Klass (GK) on daily stock price data, thereby avoiding stationarity and distribution-related constraints. Our findings reveal significant differences in anomaly detection across these measures. While DUV and RF, which are based on second-moment calculations, capture variations in volatility, the GK approach (computed daily) and the NCS, which considers third-moment characteristics, provide complementary insight. To enhance robustness, we apply both Z-score normalization and Mahalanobis distance for joint anomaly detection. The Z-score method treats all risk measures equally and is suitable for normally distributed data but overlooks potential correlations. In contrast, Mahalanobis distance accounts for multivariate anomalies and interdependencies between risk measures, offering a more holistic approach. Our results indicate that Mahalanobis distance outperforms Z-Score normalization in detecting anomalies in five out of six insurance companies, except in the case of RAYSG. This study underscores the importance of alternative risk measures and multivariate anomaly detection techniques in financial fraud analysis, offering valuable insights for risk management and regulatory practices in emerging financial markets
Experiencing the outbreak of the first world war: A critique of cultural history
No full textThis article critiques cultural history’s tendency to reduce human experiences to social structures and discourse, neglecting the felt and embodied dimensions of historical events. Using the Augusterlebnis of 1914 as a case study, it challenges revisionist interpretations that dismiss war enthusiasm as propaganda or coercion. Instead, it argues that experiences are pre-discursive, shaped by bodily reactions and immediate perceptions. By overlooking the lived, sensory aspect of historical events, historians risk distorting the past. The article calls for a historiography that integrates both cognitive and embodied experiences to better understand how individuals truly experienced historical moments
From academics to Aidemics: Unpacking the human–AI symbiosis in higher education
No full textThe integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into higher education is reshaping both academic roles and organizational practices. This transformation is not merely technical; it also introduces psychological and ethical tensions as academics negotiate new forms of work. This qualitative study advances the concept of Aidemics—academics who efficiently, ethically, and critically employ AI to enhance their professional practice—and examines how AI reconfigures intellectual tasks while challenging traditional academic identities. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with twenty academics (informed by five pilot interviews), we show that Aidemics engage in a symbiotic, human-in-the-loop relationship with AI: they exploit efficiencies for routine tasks, yet safeguard creative and critical work, actively auditing AI outputs and setting clear boundaries of use. Participants also surface structural concerns—framed as AI colonialism—about the potential of AI to entrench power asymmetries and epistemic inequities in global knowledge production. Key challenges include hallucinations, erosion of human agency, and unequal access to AI tools. We argue for policies and professional-development strategies that preserve human agency and ethical judgment while enabling responsible, explainable, and context-sensitive AI use. The findings specify the competencies of Aidemics and outline supports for balanced human–AI collaboration at individual and institutional level
Dave Ulrich'in insan kaynakları alanına katkıları
No full textDave Ulrich, as one of the most influential figures in the modern Human Resources (HR) field, has shaped the transformationof HR from its traditional administrative unit role to a strategic business partner. His contributions, particularly throught the HR 4-Role Model, the HR Competency Model and HR from the Outside In Framework have articulated the strategic competencies required of HR professionals to align human capital initiatives with overarching business objectives. These models have significantly contributed to the evolution of HR into a function that not only administers routine operational tasks but also plays a pivotal role in formulating and guiding long-term strategic goals. Despite this paradigmatic shift, the transformation of HR practices has encountered numerous obstacles, including institutional bureaucracy, organizational inertia, and technological disruptions. The contemporary landspace, characterized by emerging paradigms such as hybrid work environments and AI-driven HR analytics, underscores the urgency of this transformation. Within this context, this study employs a conceptual research approach to critically examine Ulrich’s theoretical legacy and to draw insights into the evolving role of HR. The analysis affirms the critical necessity of restructuring HR functions to sustain organizational competitiveness and effectiveness.Dave Ulrich, modern İnsan Kaynakları (İK) alanının en etkili isimlerinden biri olarak, İK’nın geleneksel idari birim rolünden stratejik bir iş ortağına dönüşümünü şekillendirmiştir. Özellikle İK Rol Modeli, İK Yetkinlik Modeli ve Dışarıdan İçeriye İK Modeli aracılığıyla yaptığı katkılar, insan sermayesi girişimlerinin genel iş hedefleriyle uyumlu hâle getirilmesi için İK profesyonellerinin sahip olması gereken stratejik yetkinlikleri ortaya koymuştur. Bu modeller, İK’nın yalnızca rutin operasyonel görevleri yürüten bir birim olmaktan çıkarak, uzun vadeli stratejik hedeflerin oluşturulması ve yönlendirilmesinde kilit bir rol üstlenmesine önemli ölçüde katkı sağlamıştır. Ancak bu paradigmatik değişime rağmen, İK uygulamalarının dönüşümü kurumsal bürokrasi, örgütsel atalet ve teknolojik kesintiler gibi çeşitli engellerle karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Hibrit çalışma düzeni ve yapay zekâ temelli insan kaynakları analitiği gibi yeni eğilimlerin şekillendirdiği günümüz koşulları, bu dönüşümün gerekliliğini daha da görünür kılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışma Ulrich’in kuramsal mirasını eleştirel bir biçimde değerlendirmek ve insan kaynakları alanındaki değişen rollere dair anlamlı çıkarımlar elde etmek amacıyla kavramsal bir araştırma yaklaşımı benimsemektedir. Yapılan analizler, kurumsal düzeyde rekabet gücünün ve etkinliğin sürdürülebilmesi için insan kaynakları birimlerinin yeniden yapılandırılmasının zorunlu olduğunu açık biçimde ortaya koymaktadır
Exploring Iranian novice EFL trainees' perceptions of ChatGPT use for lesson planning through a critical digital literacy lens
No full textAs AI tools like ChatGPT continue to find their way into classrooms, it is becoming increasingly important to understand how new teachers are using them. This study adopts a phenomenological approach to explore the real-life experiences of ten participants who were selected using purposive sampling, and data were collected through interviews and narrative inquiry. The research is grounded in data collected through interviews and narrative inquiry. These insights are analyzed through the lens of Critical Digital Literacy (CDL), which emphasizes the need for critical reflection, ethical awareness, and the growth of teacher agency. Data from ten Iranian novice language teachers were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis to explore these experiences. Thematic analysis uncovered four interconnected themes: Human-centered teaching vs. machine-centered learning, professional growth and autonomy through reflective AI engagement, ethical considerations and cultural sensitivity, and technology as a tool vs. a crutch. The findings show that the participants did not see ChatGPT as just a passive tool; rather, they regarded it as a resource that needed thoughtful evaluation. They actively modified and tailored the content ChatGPT produced to meet their teaching needs. Their interaction with AI was marked by both excitement and caution, highlighting the significance of reflective practice in fostering ethically sound and context-aware teaching methods. This study adds to the existing literature by demonstrating how CDL can empower novice teachers to responsibly integrate AI tools while preserving their pedagogical voice in the ever-evolving digital landscape
The mediator role of psychological resilience in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and psychological well-being: The case of COVID-19 lockdown period in Turkey
No full textGeleceğin öngörülemezliği ile ilişkili olarak hayatın her alanında belirsizlikle karşılaşılmaktadır. Bireylerin belirsizlik karşısında verdiği tepkiler, belirsizlikle baş etme yolları belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük kavramıyla açıklanmaktadır. Bu araştırma, kişilerin belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük seviyeleri ile psikolojik iyi oluş düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkide psikolojik dayanıklılığın aracı etkisini incelemek amacıyla Türkiye’de COVID-19 salgınına bağlı olarak kapanmaların uygulandığı Nisan-Mayıs 2020 tarihleri arasında yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme yöntemiyle ulaşılan 18-70 yaş aralığındaki 409 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği, Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği Kısa Form, Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği ve katılımcıların sosyodemografik bilgileri için araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan Kişisel Bilgi Formu kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 25.0 paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ve psikolojik dayanıklılık ile psikolojik iyi oluş arasında anlamlı negatif ilişki, psikolojik dayanıklılık ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasında ise anlamlı pozitif ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük psikolojik iyi oluşun ve psikolojik dayanıklılığın, psikolojik dayanıklılık ise psikolojik iyi oluşun anlamlı yordayıcılarıdır. Dört aşamalı regresyon temelli aracılık modeline göre yapılan analizler, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkide psikolojik dayanıklılığın tam aracı etkisi olduğunu göstermiş ve bu etki, Sobel testi ile istatistiksel olarak doğrulanmıştır. Yani belirsizlik hislerinin yoğun yaşandığı COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük düzeyleri yüksek olan katılımcıların psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeylerinin artırılmasıyla psikolojik iyi oluşlarının da artacağı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, psikolojik dayanıklılığı artırmaya yönelik çevrimiçi müdahale çalışmalarının önemi öne çıkmaktadır. Böylesi müdahaleler, bireylerin belirsizlikle başa çıkma yeteneklerini geliştirerek ruh sağlığını korumada kritik rol oynar.In relation to the unpredictability of the future, uncertainty is encountered in all areas of life. Individuals’ reactions to uncertainty and their coping ways with uncertainty are explained by the concept of intolerance to uncertainty. To examine the mediating effect of psychological resilience on the relationship between individuals’ intolerance of uncertainty levels and their psychological well-being, this research was conducted between April-May 2020, when lockdowns were applied due to the COVID-19 epidemic in Turkey. The sample of the study consists of 409 people between the ages of 18-70, reached by the easily accessible sampling method. Resilience Scale, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale Short Form, Psychological Well-Being Scale, and the Personal Information Form created by the researchers for the socio-demographic information of the participants. The obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 package program. The results show that there is a significant negative relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and psychological resilience and psychological well-being, and a significant positive relationship between psychological resilience and psychological well-being. Intolerance of uncertainty is a significant predictor of psychological well-being and psychological resilience, and psychological resilience is a significant predictor of psychological well-being. Analyses conducted according to the four-stage regression-based mediation model showed that psychological resilience has a full mediating effect in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and psychological well-being, and this effect was statistically confirmed by the Sobel test. In other words, it was concluded that increasing the psychological resilience levels of participants with high levels of intolerance to uncertainty during the COVID-19 pandemic process, where feelings of uncertainty are intense, will increase their psychological well-being. As a result, the importance of online intervention studies to increase psychological resilience comes to the fore. Such interventions play a critical role in protecting mental health by improving individuals’ ability to cope with uncertainty