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“Commendable in an Ottoman of his background”: Christopher Ferrard and a reassessment of hiscontributions on Islamic literary sciences
No full textThis paper critically assesses Christopher Ferrard’s (d. 2024)contributions to the study of nineteenth-century Ottomanrhetorical scholarship. In particular, it examines Ferrard’s definitionof rhetoric as necessarily grounded in national literary traditionsand his assessment of the scholarly output based on its alignmentwith a nation-centric approach. We demonstrate how thisconceptual framework results in favorable evaluations of scholarswho advocated for a nation-centric approach while leading tonegative assessments of those who upheld the universality ofbalāgha and sought to vernacularize it in the Ottoman context. Weconclude by advocating for further research that offers morecomprehensive accounts of Ottoman rhetorical thought, balancinguniversalist and particularist perspectives
The effect of social media and influencer shares on parents' perceptions of raising childrenthrough social learning
No full textBu araştırmanın amacı, sosyal medya ve influencer paylaşımlarının sosyal öğrenme yoluyla ebeveynlerin çocuk yetiştirme anlayışlarına olan etkisini incelemektir. Eğitim Bilimleri alanında yürütülen bu çalışmada, sosyal medya içeriklerinin ebeveyn tutumları üzerindeki yansımaları nitel bir yaklaşımla ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmış ve toplam 50 ebeveynle birebir görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sosyal öğrenmenin etkileri ile bireyler etkilendikleri kişileri gözlemleyerek kendi yaşamlarında bir takım tutum ve davranışlar sergilemektedirler. Bu tutum ve davranışlar kimi zaman kişinin yaşamına pozitif katkı sağlarken kimi zaman ise negatif etkiler göstermektedir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, sosyal medya ve influencer paylaşımlarının ebeveynler üzerinde psikolojik bir baskı oluşturduğu, özellikle "mükemmel ebeveynlik" algısının yaygınlaştırdığı ve bunun ebeveynlerde yetersizlik, eksiklik hissi gibi olumsuz duyguları tetiklediği görülmüştür. Katılımcıların influencerlara güven duymadıkları ifade edilse de, bu tür içeriklerin bilinçdışı düzeyde etkili olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, sosyal medyanın yalnızca ebeveynleri değil, dolaylı olarak çocukları da etkilediği ortaya konmuştur. Bu bağlamda, ebeveynlerin sosyal medya kullanımında daha bilinçli olması, takip edilen içerik üreticilerinin alanında uzman kişilerden seçilmesi önerilmektedir.The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of social media and influencer posts on parents' understanding of child rearing through social learning. In this study conducted in the field of Educational Sciences, the reflections of social media content on parental attitudes were addressed with a qualitative approach. A semi-structured interview form was used as a data collection tool in the study, and one-on-one interviews were conducted with a total of 50 parents. With the effects of social learning, individuals exhibit certain attitudes and behaviors in their own lives by observing the people they are influenced by. While these attitudes and behaviors sometimes contribute positively to the person's life, they sometimes have negative effects. According to the findings, it was observed that social media and influencer posts create psychological pressure on parents, especially the perception of "perfect parenting" is widespread, and this triggers negative feelings such as inadequacy and deficiency in parents. Although it was stated that the participants did not trust influencers, it was understood that such content was effective at an unconscious level. As a result of the study, it was revealed that social media not only affects parents, but also children indirectly. In this context, it is recommended that parents be more conscious in their use of social media and that the content producers followed are selected from experts in their fields
The concept of Riwāyah: The need for a holistic and systematic approach in Islamic narrations
No full textHistorically, knowledge and information have been transmitted by three means: speech, writing, and practice. These mediums give rise to three types of narration: oral, written, and practical. In Islamic terminology, this is known as riwāyah. It is a principle in Islamic law that nothing can be attributed to Islam without a supporting narration. When a narration is presented, its authenticity must be confirmed; otherwise, it is considered unacceptable. This principle requires that the concept of riwāyah be broad enough to include not only the three forms of narration but also the content transmitted through each of them. However, upon studying contemporary literature on the topic, it appears that the concept primarily focuses on one form, oral narration. In contrast, the other two forms are largely neglected. In particular, practical narration, which was widely accepted as an essential source of Islamic law and was more relevant during the Prophetic, Companions, and Successors periods, has been completely excluded from this concept. In this context, it is crucial to determine whether Islam utilises just one form of narration or all three. If all three forms are used, can the concept of narration in Islam be fully understood by focusing on just one form, or does it require a holistic approach to understand the entire system of narration? This paper explains the role of all three forms of Islamic narrations, especially the role of practical narration, while emphasising the need to create a holistic and systematic approach to the concept of riwāyah
Témoignage en regards croisés 3
No full textNote de l’éditeur : Ce texte est la transcription d’un entretien mené le 10 mai 2023 par Benjamin Guérin et Nicolas Pujol dans le cadre des Ateliers Interdisciplinaires sur la Détresse Existentielle.Je ne sais pas exactement à quoi pourrait correspondre ce concept de « détresse existentielle » du point de vue de la théologie musulmane car on ne le voit pas apparaître. Il y a effectivement la figure de Job, qui en arabe est Ayyûb, et qui est présente dans le Coran. Ce serait cette figure-là qui symboliserait le désespoir comme s’il pouvait y avoir une fécondité de cette souffrance. Près de la mer Caspienne, il y a des légendes qui disent que les plaies de Job ont été visitées par des petits vers et que ce sont ces petits vers qui ont donné la soie au monde. On raconte cela avec l’idée que la souffrance peut être féconde. Par rapport à la détresse existentielle, et à son possible allègement, peut-être peut-on distinguer deux directions : l’une verticale, l’autre horizontale..
The relationship between firm formation and unemployment: Evidence from Türkiye
No full textThis paper aims to explore the relationship between firm formation and unemployment using regional and city-level Turkish data. We focus on the post-2008 financial crisis period and analyze the effects of unemployment and other control variables on firm formation at NUTS-II and NUTS-III regions of Türkiye. We estimate a fixed-effects panel data model and control for GDP per capita, urbanization, population density, patents, high school education, and higher education. Our results suggest that there is a significant positive effect of unemployment on new firm formation. The analysis concerning the converse relation, the impact of firm formation on unemployment, reveals no significant results at the NUTS-II level; however, a significant negative relationship is found at the city level with 4- and 5-year lags.
Unemployment; Firm Formation; Schumpeter Effect; Refugee Effect; Regional Analysi
The impact of personality, behavior, and geography on participation in the private pension system in Türkiye: A machine learning approach
Get PDFThis study examines regional disparities in the factors that affect participation in the Private Pension System (PPS) in Türkiye, focusing on sociodemographic characteristics, personality traits and behavior, and pension and financial literacy. The behavioral factors identified encompass procrastination, locus of control, pessimism, compulsive buying, and time perspective, and the personality traits include openness, agreeableness, extraversion, neuroticism, and conscientiousness. The study employs data on two provinces in Türkiye, Şırnak and Istanbul, and uses XGBoost and Tree SHAP algorithms and a probit model. Our findings indicate that personality traits such as openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness have a positive influence on individual engagement in pension plans, whereas extraversion has a negative impact. Additionally, basic pension literacy is more influential than advanced pension literacy. The results also show that regional geography significantly influences personality and behavioral factors. Finally, a perception of protection is a critical factor in PPS participation
An alternative on university campuses mediation as a dispute resolution method
No full textÜniversiteler, sosyal ve kültürel çeşitlilik, akademik baskılar ve rekabet, kampüs yaşamından kaynaklanan sorunlar ile toplumsal ve politik etkiler ve benzeri etkenler nedeniyle çatışma potansiyeli yüksek kurumlardır. Bu makalede, üniversite kampüslerindeki çatışma dinamikleri, çatışma çözümünde başvurulan yöntemler ve bu yöntemlerin olumlu ve olumsuz yanları ele alınarak, arabuluculuğun bir uyuşmazlık çözüm yolu olarak kampüs çatışmalarında kullanımı üzerinde durulacaktır. Çalışmamızda, üniversite kampüslerinde ortaya çıkabilecek çatışmaların arabuluculuk yöntemi ile çözüme kavuşturulması, farklı ülkelerdeki uygulamalar, arabuluculuğun bu alandaki olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri alana ilişkin literatürden yararlanarak açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır. Ayrıca ülkemizdeki mevcut durum ele alınmaya çalışılacak ve önerilerde bulunulacaktır.Universities are institutions with a high potential for conflict due to factors such as social and cultural diversity, academic pressures and competition, challenges arising from campus life, as well as societal and political influences. The purpose of this article is to analyze the dynamics of disputes on college campuses, the strategies employed to address these disputes, and their advantages and disadvantages. The use of mediation as a dispute resolution process on campus is given special attention. The study aims to examine the resolution of potential conflicts on university campuses via mediation and investigate practices from various countries. It also assesses the positive and negative effects of mediation in this context by referencing pertinent literature. In addition, the current situation in our country will be analyzed, and recommendations will be proposed
Can all tasawwurs be innate? A discussion centered on fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī and Ibn Abī al-Ḥadīd
No full textFârâbî ile İslâm düşünce geleneğinde yer edinen tasavvur-tasdik ayırımı daha sonraki İslâm düşünürleri tarafından hem mantık hem de bilgi bahislerinin düzenlenmesinde önemli rol oynamıştır. Bu ayırım çerçevesinde her iki türün de hem zorunlu hem de kazanımlı (mükteseb) yönlerinden bahsedilebilir. Ancak, Fahreddin Râzî, başta el-Muḥaṣṣal olmak üzere el-Erbaʿîn, el-Âyâtü’l-beyyinât ve el-Meʿâlim gibi eserlerinde, tasavvurların tümüyle bedîhî (veya gayr-i mükteseb) olduğunu savunmuş ve bu görüşünü, Menon paradoksunun yeniden sunulması ve tam tanımın hem teorik hem de pratik açıdan güçlükleri üzerinden iki ana delille desteklemiştir. Menon paradoksu, doğrudan bilginin imkânına dair bir ikilem oluşturur ve bilişsel düzeyde ya bilgi edinmenin tamamen mümkün olduğu ya da bilen öznenin epistemik düzlemin sıfır noktasında olduğu varsayımını kabul eder. Her iki durumda da kişi, bilgi edinme sürecinden mahrum kalacaktır. Râzî, tam tanımın imkânını tartışırken, tanımlanan şeyin kurucu bileşenlerinin bilgisini, o şeyin mâhiyetinin bilgisini elde etmekle eşitlemenin birtakım engeller doğurduğunu ileri sürer. Bu iki delil üzerinden, bilişsel süreçlerin ilk aşaması olan tasavvurların kazanımlı olmadığını gösteren Râzî, aynı zamanda tasavvurlara dayanan tasdiklerin ve tasdiklere dayalı fiillerin de kazanımlı olmadığı sonucuna varır. Bir başka deyişle, et-Tefsîr’de dile getirdiği “İnsan, irade hürriyetine sahipmiş gibi görünse de aslında zorunludur” düşüncesini, tasavvurların kazanımlı olmadığı görüşü üzerine inşa eder. Ayrıca, Menon paradoksunu yeniden sorunsallaştırırken, el-Meṭâlib’in dokuzuncu bölümünde yer alan “İman ve küfrün kulların kalbinde meydana gelmesinin ancak Allah’ın yaratmasıyla mümkün olduğu gösteren deliller” başlığı altında, el-Erbaʿîn’de ise “Kulların fiillerinin yaratılmış olup olmadığı” meselesinde bir delil olarak sunar. Ancak, bu görüş, özellikle irâde hürriyetine engel teşkil etmesi nedeniyle, Mu‘tezilî düşüncenin kabul edemeyeceği bir durumdur. Bu bağlamda, İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd, et-Taʿlîḳ ʿala’l-Muḥaṣṣal, Şerḥu’l-Âyâti’l-beyyinât ve Ziyâdâtü’n-Naḳżayn gibi eserlerinde Râzî’nin bu görüşüne karşı çıkmıştır. Bu makalede ise öncelikle, Râzî'nin tasavvurların kazanılmış olmadığına dair görüşünün ne anlama geldiği ele alınacaktır. Bu noktada, İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd, tasavvurların kazanılması ile tasdiklerin kazanılması arasındaki farkı ortaya koyar ve genel olarak bilinen (eş-şuûr fi’l-cümle) şeylerin tanım yoluyla tam bilmeye (eş-şuûr et-tâm) konu olacağını savunur. Sonrasında, Râzî'nin yeniden delil olarak kullandığı Menon paradoksunu aşabilmek için, bilen öznenin talep olmaksızın bilgiye ulaşabilmesini ifade eden bir tür “kazanım” önerisi getirir. Ayrıca, başta İbn Sînâ olmak üzere birçok İslâm düşünürünün savunduğu yönler (cihetler) teorisini, Râzî'nin görüşlerine karşı bir alternatif olarak sunmaktadır. Râzî'nin ikinci delili olan tam tanımın mümkün olmadığı iddiasına ise, mahiyetin zâtî unsurları ile mahiyetin kendisi arasındaki farkı göstererek cevap verir. Buna ek olarak, mâhiyetin bilgisinin faal aklın feyziyle veya zâtî unsurlarından birinin bilinmesiyle elde edilebileceği ifade eder.The distinction between tasawwur (conception) and tasdīq (assent), established by al-Fārābī and subsequently integrated into the Islamic intellectual tradition, played a significant role in the organization of both logic and epistemology in later Islamic thought. This distinction allows for the consideration of both necessary and acquired (muktasab) aspects of both conceptions and assents. However, Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, primarily in his works al-Muḥaṣṣal, al-Arbaʿīn, al-Āyāt al-Bayyināt, and al-Maʿālim, argued that all conceptions are entirely intuitive (or ġayr-i muktasab), supporting this view with two main arguments based on a re-presentation of the Meno paradox and the difficulties of complete definition, both theoretically and practically. The Meno paradox presents a dilemma concerning the possibility of direct knowledge, assuming that either knowledge acquisition is entirely impossible, or the knowing subject is at the epistemic zero point. In either case, the individual would be deprived of the process of knowledge acquisition. Discussing the possibility of complete definition, al-Rāzī argues that equating knowledge of the constituent components of the defined thing with knowledge of the essence of that thing creates several obstacles. Through these two arguments, al-Rāzī demonstrates that conceptions, the first stage of cognitive processes, are not acquired, concluding that assents based on conceptions and actions based on assents are also not acquired. In other words, the view expressed in his al-Tafsīr, “Although man may seem to have free will, he is actually necessitated,” is built upon the idea that conceptions are not acquired. Furthermore, in re-problematizing the Meno paradox, he presents it as evidence in al-Arbaʿīn on the question of “whether the actions of servants are created,” and under the heading “Proofs showing that faith and unbelief in the hearts of servants can only occur through God’s creation” in the ninth chapter of al-Maṭālib. However, this view, particularly because it obstructs free will, is unacceptable to Muʿtazilite thought. In this context, Ibn Abī al-Ḥadīd, in works such as al-Taʿlīq ʿalā al-Muḥaṣṣal, Sharḥ al-Āyāt al-Bayyināt, and Ziyādāt al-Naḳḍayn, opposed al-Rāzī’s view. This article will primarily examine the implications of al-Rāzī’s position on the non-acquired nature of conceptions. At this point, Ibn Abī al-Ḥadīd highlights the difference between the acquisition of conceptions and the acquisition of assents, arguing that generally known things (al-shuʿūr fi’l-jumla) will be subject to complete knowledge (al-shuʿūr al-tām) through definition. Subsequently, he offers a type of “acquisition,” expressing that the knowing subject can attain knowledge without demand, in order to overcome the Meno paradox, which al-Rāzī re-utilized as evidence. He also presents the theory of aspects (jihāt), advocated by many Islamic thinkers, primarily Ibn Sīnā, as an alternative to al-Rāzī’s views. To al-Rāzī!s second argument —the impossibility of complete definition— he responds by demonstrating the difference between the essential components of an essence and the essence itself. Furthermore, he states that knowledge of the essence can be obtained through the grace of the active intellect or by knowing one of its essential components
Psychohygienic principles of professional training of specialists
No full textThe methodological principles of psychohygienic knowledge in the field of professional self-realization of a specialist are highlighted. The projection of the development of individual psychological predispositions and abilities in their development as a humanistic perspective is presented as the methodological basis of psychohygiene of the individual in its professional ontogenesis. The main trends of psychophysiological support for the formation of a specialist over the past centuries are presented in confirmation of the methodological basis of psychohygiene, which consists not in the search and concentration on what is missing, but in clarifying the available mental and, in particular, personal capabilities of a person for their active development and implementation in the profession. Professional self-realization of a person is presented in the psychological mechanism of introjection, which consists in the natural self-determination and distinction of oneself as a subject of professional activity, the self-awareness of which actualizes the sphere of personal uniqueness (uniqueness).Висвітлюються методологічні засади психогігієнічного знання в галузі професійного самоздійснення особистості фахівця. Проєкція розвитку індивідуальних психологічних задатків здатностей в їх розвитку як гуманістична перспектива представлена методологічною основою психогігієни особистості в її професійному онтогенезі. Наведено основні тенденції психофізіологічне забезпечення становлення фахівця протягом останніх століть на підтвердження методологічної основи психогігієни, що полягає не в пошуці і зосередженні на тому, чого бракує, а в з’ясуванні наявних психічних і, зокрема, особистісних можливостей людини для їх діяльного розвитку і втілення у професії. Професійне самоздійснення особистості представлено у психологічному механізмі інтроєкції, що полягає у закономірному самовизначенні й розрізненні себе як суб’єкта професійної діяльності, самоусвідомлення якої актуалізує сферу особистісної неповторності (унікальності)
Behavioral dysregulation at work: A moderated mediation analysis of sleep impairment, work-related stress, and substance use
No full textBackground: Sleep impairment and work-related stress are common issues that influence employee well-being and organizational outcomes. Impaired sleep depletes cognitive and emotional resources, increasingstress and the likelihood of counterproductive work behaviors directed toward the organization (CWB-O). This cross-sectional study, guided by the conservation of resources (COR) theory, explores the relationships between impaired sleep, work-related stress, and CWB-O, considering substance use as a dysfunctional coping strategy. Methods: A sample of 302 Italian employees completed an online survey. Sleep impairment was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index, work-related stress was assessed with the Perceived Stress Scale, CWB-O was assessed with the Counterproductive Work Behavior Checklist, and substance use as a coping strategy was assessed using the Brief COPE. A moderated mediation model was tested to examine the indirect effects of sleep impairment on CWB-O via work-related stress, with substance use moderating both the sleep–stress and stress–CWB-O relationships. Results: The results supported the hypothesis that the relationship between sleep impairment and CWB-O is mediated by work-related stress. Sleep difficulties significantly increased work-related stress, which in turn led to higher levels of CWB-O. Substance use did not moderate the relationship between sleep and work-related stress. It did, however, significantly moderate the relationship between work-related stress and CWB-O, with higher levels of substance use amplifying the impact of stress on behavioral dysregulation. Conclusion: This study contributes to our understanding of how impaired sleep, work-related stress, and substance use interact to influence deviant behaviors at work. The findings align with COR theory, highlighting the role of resource depletion and dysfunctional coping in workplace behavior, and suggest that organizational interventions should also consider programs aimed at improving sleep quality and addressing substance use to reduce the likelihood of deviant behaviors at work