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The relationship between sleep quality and stress level in biology education students
No full textSleep is a fundamental physiological process essential for maintaining mental and physical health. University students, particularly those in demanding academic programs, often experience sleep disturbances that may influence their stress levels.This study aimed to determine the relationship between sleep quality and stress levels among Biology Education students at UIN Walisongo Semarang.A descriptive–analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 36 students selected through proportional random sampling from the 2020–2022 cohorts. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), while stress levels were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05).The findings indicated that most respondents (97.2%) experienced poor sleep quality and moderate stress levels (86.1%). Statistical analysis showed no significant relationship between sleep quality and stress levels (χ² = 0.165, p = 0.920).Although most students experienced poor sleep quality and moderate stress, no significant association was found between these two variables. Further research with a larger and more diverse sample is recommended to confirm these findings and explore additional factors affecting students’ sleep and stress patterns
Ahmadu Bamba'nın tasavvuf üzerine eserlerinin kaynakları
No full textAhmadu Bamba Mbacke, known as Khadīm ar-Rasūl (the Servant of the Messenger Muhammad), played a significant role in West African Islam's intellectual and spiritual history. As the founder of al-Murīdiyya Sufi order in Senegal, Bamba's teachings have influenced religious practices, emphasizing faith, devotion, and ethical conduct (iḥsān). This thesis explores Bamba's intellectual development, focusing on the historical contexts, influences, and contributions that shaped his Sufi thought. While the impact of al-Murīdiyya is recognized, Bamba's intellectual foundations have not been thoroughly examined. This study fills this gap by analyzing Bamba's engagement with classical Sufi literature and the intellectual figures that influenced him. It also discusses how Bamba adapted traditional Sufi teachings to the political and social realities of colonial Senegal. Through methods such as textual analysis, comparative studies, and consideration of historical context, this research provides a comprehensive examination of the role played by prominent historical scholars and influential texts in shaping Bamba's intellectual and spiritual development, while also offering insights into his contributions and the evolution of Sufism in response to historical challenges.Ahmadu Bamba Mbacke, "Khadīm ar-Rasūl" (Peygamber Muhamme'in Hizmetkârı) olarak bilinen, Batı Afrika İslamı'nın entelektüel ve manevi tarihinde önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Senegal'de al-Murīdiyya tasavvuf tarikatının kurucusu olarak, Bamba'nın öğretileri iman, sadakat ve ahlaki davranışı vurgulayarak dini uygulamaları etkilemiştir. Bu tez, Bamba'nın tasavvuf düşüncesini şekillendiren tarihsel bağlamlar, etkiler ve katkılar üzerinde durarak onun entelektüel gelişimini incelemektedir. Al-Murīdiyya'nın etkisi kabul edilirken, Bamba'nın entelektüel temelleri yeterince derinlemesine ele alınmamıştır. Bu çalışma, Bamba'nın klasik tasavvuf literatürü ve onu etkileyen entelektüel şahsiyetlerle olan etkileşimini analiz ederek bu boşluğu doldurmayı amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca, Bamba'nın geleneksel tasavvuf öğretilerini, sömürge dönemi Senegal'inin siyasi ve sosyal gerçekliklerine nasıl uyarladığını tartışmaktadır. Metin analizi, karşılaştırmalı çalışmalar ve tarihsel bağlamın dikkate alınması gibi yöntemlerle, bu araştırma, Bamba'nın entelektüel ve manevi gelişimini şekillendiren önemli tarihsel âlimler ve etkili metinlerin rolüne kapsamlı bir bakış sunarken, onun katkılarını ve tasavvufun tarihsel zorluklara yanıt olarak evrimini anlamaya yönelik içgörüler de sağlamaktadır
From human scholars to AI fatwas: Media, ethics, and the limits of AI in Islamic religious communication
No full textThe integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Islamic jurisprudence, particularly in the issuance of fatwas, raises significant theological, ethical,and practical concerns. Traditionally, Islamic legal rulings have been derived through scholarly interpretations of the Quran, Hadith, Ijma (consensus), and Qiyas (analogy). The rise of AI-driven fatwa systems challenges this conventional framework by introducing automated decision-making processes that lack of ijtihad(independent reasoning), niyyah (intention), and divine inspiration elements that are essential for legitimate Islamic rulings. While AI-powered applications can providequick access to established and stable rulings, concerns persist regarding their ability to uphold the ethical and spiritual integrity of Islamic jurisprudence. This research concludes that AI-generated fatwas cannot fully replace human scholars, primarily due to their limitations in contextual reasoning. This conclusion is drawn through a qualitative descriptive content analysis of recent research papers and official announcements regarding the use of AI by various Darul-Ifta institutions in Muslim countries. However, AI can be used effectively under scholarly supervision in areas such as Islamic finance, halal certification, and preliminary legal guidance. A balanced approach, where AI serves as a supportive tool rather than an authoritative source of religious rulings, ensures that technological advancements align with Islamic ethical principles. The study emphasizes the necessity of human oversight to maintain the authenticity of religious verdicts and proposes a framework for integrating AI responsibly within Islamic jurisprudence
The impact of globalization on university students’ educational decisions and identity construction: A sociological perspective
No full textSosyal bilimlerin her dalında yaygın olarak kullanılan bir kavram olan küreselleşme, genellikle bir durumdan ziyade bir yönelim/eğilim ya da bir zihniyete işaret eder. Küreselleşme sadece sosyolojide değil toplumsal alanda da değişimleri temsil etmektedir. Dünyanın bütünleşmesi sürecinde tek tip dinamik yoktur çünkü küreselleşmenin hem ekonomik hem de siyasi, teknolojik ve kültürel yönleri vardır. Küreselleşmeyi daha iyi anlayabilmek için ayrı başlıklar altında incelemek gerekir. Bu araştırma küreselleşmenin eğitim üzerindeki etkisine odaklanacaktır. Araştırmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin eğitim tercihlerinin küreselleşmenin sunduğu fırsatlardan nasıl etkilendiğini derinlemesine araştırmak ve genç yetişkinlerde kültürel kimlik ve aidiyet algısının nasıl şekillendiğini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma nitel bir yöntem olan fenomonolojik desende yürütülmüştür. Kolay ulaşılabilirlik gözetilerek, gönüllü, 21-24 yaş aralığında yer alan 4 kadın ve 4 erkek olmak üzere toplam 8 katılımcıya ulaşılmış, katılımcılarla yüz yüze görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu görüşmelerde araştırmacı tarafından açık uçlu sorulardan oluşturulan görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Görüşmeler yaklaşık 35-40 dakika sürmüş ve veriler içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve bulgular sunulmuştur. Araştırma bulgularından dört başlık ortaya çıkmıştır: (1) Eğitimde Küreselleşmenin Tanımı ve Üniversite Eğitimine Etkisi, (2) Yurtdışında Eğitim ve Uluslararası Programlara Katılım, (3) Küreselleşmenin Kişisel Kimlik Algısı Üzerindeki Etkisi, (4) Fırsatlar ve Zorluklar. Bu doğrultuda öğrencilerin kültürel kimlik ve aidiyet algısının olumlu şekillenmesinde sosyolojik açıdan aile yapılarının da ele alınması gerekmektedir.Globalization, a concept widely employed across all branches of the social sciences, is typically regarded not as a static “state” but rather as a “tendency,” “orientation,” or mindset. As the definition suggests, globalization reflects changes not only within the field of sociology but also across broader societal domains. The process of global integration does not follow a singular trajectory, as globalization encompasses economic, political, technological, and cultural dimensions. In order to fully grasp its complexity, globalization must be examined under distinct thematic categories. This study focuses on the impact of globalization on education. Specifically, it aims to explore how the opportunities presented by globalization influence university students’ educational preferences and how young adults’ perceptions of cultural identity and belonging are shaped in this context. The study was conducted using a qualitative research design, specifically phenomenology. A total of eight participants—four women and four men between the ages of 21 and 24—were selected through convenience sampling. One-onone, face-to-face interviews were carried out with voluntary participants. An interview form composed of open-ended questions developed by the researcher was used during the data collection process. The data obtained were subjected to categorical content analysis. Each interview lasted approximately 35–40 minutes. Following content analysis, the findings were organized under four thematic categories: (1) The Definition of Globalization in Education and Its Impact on Higher Education, (2) Studying Abroad and Participation in International Programs, (3) The Impact of Globalization on Perceptions of Personal Identity, and (4) Opportunities and Challenges. In this context, family structures should also be dealt with sociologically perspective in the positive shaping of students’ perception of cultural identity and belonging
An evaluation of the impacts of health insurance coverage on wealth stratification in some selected sub-Saharan countries
No full textBackground Health is a crucial component of an economy, infuencing the performance of various sectors. As a result, nearly every country has implemented health policies to achieve the United Nations Development Goals and Universal Health Coverage (UHC) targets, which focus on providing universal access to necessary, sufcient, and quality healthcare without fnancial barriers. Implementing such policies in the sub-Saharan region led Burundi, Gabon, Ghana, and Rwanda to emerge as the only four countries in the region to have healthcare coverage over 20%. This study sought to investigate whether the health insurance policies implemented impact the wealth stratifcation of households in these countries. Methods The study used data from the sub-Saharan region section of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) with Robust Ordered Probit Estimation Technique. Results The results show that health insurance negatively impacts the Wealth levels of those in the poorest, poorer, and middle-income levels in Burundi and Rwanda more than those in the wealthiest group. Community-based insurance in Gabon and national health insurance in Ghana positively impact the income of lower households. Conclusions The government should improve social amenities, especially in rural areas. Also, the study identifed limited information as one reason for the outcome. We propose increasing education on the importance of health and the beneft package when one subscribes to a health insurance scheme to encourage patronage and decrease out-of-pocket expenditure
Conceptualizing the differences in the perception and internalization of racism between Black African immigrants and African Americans in the United States
No full textThe existing literature on the differences in the internalization and perception of racism between Black African immigrants and African Americans in the United States has produced myriad data. However, what is lacking is a systematic conceptualization of the revealed patterns and trends. Moreover, the few attempts in this regard are primarily based on a single geopolitical understanding of space in the United States, relegating the geopolitical space of Africa to the back burner. This paper attempts to bridge these gaps by proposing not just a multidisciplinary framework for conceptualization, but also a multi-space plane that cuts across both the American and African geopolitical spaces. The framework proposed in this paper consists of concepts drawn from sociology, negotiation studies, conflict resolution, and international studies. With this, I argued that the differences in self-conception, the availability of BATNA and externalities owing to the transnational identity of Black African immigrants grant them (Black African immigrants) the leverage of a relatively less internalized base of racism than their Afro-American counterparts. Within this context, this paper aims to provide one of many frameworks for assessing racism in the American context. Concomitantly, it adds to the growing body of literature advocating for intersectionality and a multidisciplinary approach as ideally suited to exploring and understanding the complexities associated with racial discourses
The impact of university students' purchasing tendency from e-commerce sites and demographic characteristics on student satisfaction: A foundation university example
No full textÇalışmada, Türkiye'nin önde gelen bir vakıf üniversitesi örneği üzerinden üniversite öğrencilerinin e-ticaret sitelerinden satınalma eğiliminin ve demografik özelliklerin öğrenci memnuniyeti üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, üniversite öğrencilerinin e-ticaret sitelerinden satınalma eğilimi ve demografik özellikleri ile öğrenci memnuniyeti arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olup olmadığının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma evreni olarak, aynı zamanda araştırma üniversitelerinden de birisi olan Türkiye'nin önde gelen bir vakıf üniversitesi seçilmiştir. Çalışmanın, e-ticaret sitesinden yapılan satınalma eğiliminin ve demografik özelliklerin öğrenci memnuniyet düzeyi üzerindeki etkisini, bir eğitim vakfı ve araştırma üniversitesi bağlamında birlikte ele alan bir çalışma olması nedeniyle önem taşıdığı ve literatüre katkı sağlayacağı değerlendirilmektedir. Metodolojik olarak, sekiz hipotez oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmanın örneklemini rastgele yöntemle seçilmiş 240 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Uygulama, betimsel tarama modeline ve 5'li likert ölçeğine dayalı bir soru formu içeren nicel çevrimiçi (online) anket yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toplanan veriler, SPSS-22 ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma, demografik özelliklerden cinsiyet, medeni durum, eğitim ve aylık gelir ile öğrenci memnuniyet düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir farkın olmadığını, buna karşın yaş ile memnuniyet düzeyi arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunduğu sonucunu ortaya koymuştur. Yaş kriteri açısından sözkonusu farklılığın özellikle 22-25 yaş grubu öğrenciler lehine olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, E-ticaret sitelerinden satınalma eğilimini yansıtan kriterlerden internette geçirilen günlük ortalama süre ve E-ticaret sitelerine bağlanılan cihaz türü ile öğrenci memnuniyet düzeyi arasında da anlamlı bir fark bulunmadığı, buna karşın E-ticaret yoluyla satınalınan ürün sayısı kriteri ile öğrenci memnuniyet düzeyi arasında farklılık olduğu, sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışma, çeşitli açılardan seçilen örnek vakıf/araştırma üniversitesi, katılımcı sayısı, anket soruları-cevapları, uygulanan istatistiksel analiz yöntemi ve testlerle sınırlıdır. Dolayısıyla, daha genel sonuçlara ulaşmak için daha farklı ve fazla sayıda vakıf üniversitesi ile öğrencinin kapsanması önerilmiştir.In this study, the impact of university students' purchasing tendency from e-commerce sites(e-CSs) and demographic characteristics(DCs) on student satisfaction(SS) was examined through the example of a leading foundation university in Türkiye. The study aimed to examine whether there is a significant difference between university students' purchasing tendencies from e-CSs, their DCs and SS. A leading foundation university in Türkiye, which is also one of the research universities, was selected as the study universe. It is thought that the study will contribute by examining the effects of purchasing tendency from e-CSs and DCs on SG levels together in the context of a foundation&research university. Methodologically, eight hypotheses were created. The sample consisted of 280 randomly selected students. The data were collected through a quantitative online survey method, which included a descriptive squestionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed with SPSS-22. The study revealed that there was no significant difference between DCs such as gender, marital status, education and monthly income and SS level, whereas there was a significant difference between age and SS level. It was found that the difference in terms of age was especially in favor of students in the 22-25 age group. Moreover, it was concluded that there was no significant difference between the average daily time spent on the internet and the type of device used to connect to e-CSs, which are among the criteria reflecting the tendency to purchase from e-CSs, and the level of SS whereas there was a difference between the number of products purchased through e-CSs and the level of SS. Since the study is limited in several aspects (foundation/research university, number of participants, survey questions/answers, applied statistical analysis&tests), it is suggested to include more different&larger number of foundation universities and students in order to reach more general results
“In search of truth?” Integrating religious consultation into CBT to address ambivalence: A case study
No full text[Early Access]Ambivalence-defined as the simultaneous experience of conflicting emotions, attitudes, or beliefs toward a specific person, object, or situation—is a complex construct that plays a critical role in psychological processes such as decision-making, emotional regulation, and interpersonal relationships. While Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) combined with Motivational Interviewing (MI) has been shown to be effective in addressing ambivalence, there is limited research on religiously sensitive interventions for individuals with strong faith-based values. This case study introduces an integrative approach that incorporates consultation with a Muslim religious leader into the therapeutic process to address ambivalence regarding family responsibilities. The client, a young Muslim woman, experienced psychological distress due to uncertainty about her religious obligations to maintain her relationship with her father. Initial CBT sessions targeted anxiety and interpersonal difficulties. However, the inclusion of religious consultation played a crucial role in helping the client clarify her values and resolve her inner conflict. This intervention provided a faith-based framework for interpreting her obligations, reduced ruminative thinking, and fostered a more future-oriented perspective. Post-treatment assessments indicated notable reductions in anxiety and depression levels, and the client’s feedback highlighted the value of the religious consultation. These findings suggest that integrating religious consultation into psychotherapy may improve treatment outcomes for clients with strong religious commitments
Exploring views and experiences of faculty members’ participation in an asynchronous online program: Using a micro-learning format and CoP framework
No full textTraditional teaching methods in higher education often fall short of meeting the diverse needs of learners, particularly in remote or asynchronous settings. Addressing this gap, this qualitative case study investigates how a six-module asynchronous online professional learning program can support the integration of active learning strategies using micro-learning and a Community of Practice (CoP) framework. Conducted at a higher education institution, the study involved six faculty members from diverse academic backgrounds. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, lesson observations, discussion board content, and participant reflections. Content analysis revealed that the flexibility and accessibility of asynchronous learning coupled with micro-learning segments. This study addresses a critical need for practical insights into professional learning programs that effectively implement active learning in non-traditional educational environments. The findings suggest that such programs should incorporate structured support mechanisms, clear guidelines, and diverse content formats to enhance motivation and mitigate cognitive overload, particularly in remote learning contexts
2006 şirketler kanunu kapsamında yöneticilerin çıkar çatışması yükümlülükleri: Uyum tedbirleri ve uyumsuzluğun sonuçları
No full textThe Companies Act 2006 imposes stringent conflict of interest duties on company directors, reinforcing their fiduciary duty to act in the company’s finest interests. Section 175 codifies the principle that directors must evade situations in which their personal interests conflict, or may conflict, with the company’s interests. Additionally, Sections 176 and 177 establish further obligations, including constraints on acquiring third-party benefits and requiring disclosure of interests in transactions. Compliance requires directors to take proactive steps, such as securing board or shareholder authorization, making full disclosures, and assuring corporate governance arrangements are in place to manage conflicts efficiently. Deficiency to fulfill can lead to harsh consequences, including personal liability, financial penalties, reputational damage, and, in extreme cases, exclusion from serving as a director. Case law, including Regal (Hastings) Ltd v Gulliver and Bhullar v Bhullar, illustrates the judiciary’s severe approach to invoking these duties. While statutory provisions have strengthened director accountability, certain critiques remain regarding their practical application, specially in occasions where old directors pursue corporate opportunities post-resignation. A proportion must be struck between protecting corporate concerns and allowing directors legitimate commercial freedom. This paper examines the statutory scheme governing directors’ conflicts of interest, examines possible compliance measures, and appraises the implications of non-compliance. It further assesses the role of disclosure and shareholder oversight in alleviating conflicts and preserving corporate integrity. The findings indicate the necessity for a prosperous compliance culture and regulatory diligence to promote corporate governance principles effectively.2006 Şirketler Kanunu, şirket yöneticilerine sıkı çıkar çatışması yükümlülükleri getirerek, şirketin en iyi çıkarları doğrultusunda hareket etme konusundaki güvene dayalı görevlerini pekiştirmektedir. Kanun’un 175. Maddesi, yöneticilerin kişisel çıkarlarının şirket çıkarlarıyla çatıştığı veya çatışabileceği durumlardan kaçınmaları gerektiği ilkesini kodifiye etmektedir. Buna ek olarak, 176. ve 177. Maddeler, üçüncü taraf menfaatlerinin elde edilmesine yönelik sınırlamalar ve işlemlere ilişkin çıkarların açıklanması zorunluluğu gibi ek yükümlülükler getirmektedir. Bu yükümlülüklere uyum sağlamak için yöneticilerin yönetim kurulu veya hissedar onayı almak, tam ve açık beyanlarda bulunmak ve çıkar çatışmalarını etkin bir şekilde yönetmek amacıyla kurumsal yönetim düzenlemelerini sağlamaktan oluşan proaktif adımlar atmaları gerekmektedir. Bu yükümlülüklerin yerine getirilmemesi, kişisel sorumluluk, mali cezalar, itibar kaybı ve aşırı durumlarda yöneticilikten men edilme gibi ağır sonuçlara yol açabilir. Regal (Hastings) Ltd v Gulliver ve Bhullar v Bhullar davaları, yargının bu yükümlülükleri uygulama konusundaki katı yaklaşımını ortaya koymaktadır. Mevzuattaki hükümler yöneticilerin hesap verebilirliğini güçlendirmiş olsa da, özellikle eski yöneticilerin istifalarından sonra kurumsal fırsatları değerlendirdiği durumlarda, bu hükümlerin pratik uygulanabilirliğine yönelik eleştiriler devam etmektedir. Şirket menfaatlerinin korunması ile yöneticilere meşru ticari özgürlük tanınması arasında bir denge kurulması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma, yöneticilerin çıkar çatışmalarına ilişkin yasal düzenlemeleri inceleyerek, olası uyum tedbirlerini değerlendirmekte ve uyumsuzluğun doğuracağı sonuçları analiz etmektedir. Ayrıca, çıkar çatışmalarının hafifletilmesi ve kurumsal bütünlüğün korunmasında açıklık ilkesinin ve hissedar denetiminin rolünü irdelemektedir. Bulgular, etkin kurumsal yönetim ilkelerinin teşvik edilmesi için güçlü bir uyum kültürü ve düzenleyici titizliğin gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır