Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca- Università del Salento
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Large language models for competence-based HRM: A case study in the aerospace industry
No full textCompetence-based human resource management (HRM) emphasises the identification, development, and utilization of employee competence to boost the organizational performance, particularly in high-tech sectors that demand continuous competence advancement. Advanced artificial intelligence (AI)-based solutions, such as large language models (LLMs), are transforming competence-based HRM by streamlining job position selection, predicting emerging competencies, and designing targeted training plans, thereby enhancing knowledge sharing and transfer. However, there is a significant gap in the literature regarding comprehensive LLM-based solutions that automate the association of competence with professional roles and the semantic enrichment of corporate competence taxonomies. In this study, we present two innovative solutions: the automated semantic taxonomy enrichment methodology (ASTEM) and the role-competence embedding-based (RCE) framework. In particular, we demonstrated the effectiveness of LLMs in bridging the informational gaps by generating coherent competence descriptions and creating accurate role-competence associations through a qualitative case study involving a big company operating in the aerospace, defence, and security industry. The proposed solutions aim to reduce manual effort, improve the precision of role-competence matches, and support data-driven decision-making. This enables companies to efficiently identify the suitable candidates, develop focused training programs, and maintain a competitive edge by rapidly adapting to changes in the market and technology
Inter-Organ Crosstalk in Neurodegenerative Disease
No full textInter-organ communication plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (ND), including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Emerging research highlights the involvement of the gut–brain axis, immune system, and peripheral metabolic systems in modulating neuroinflammation, protein misfolding, and neuronal dysfunction by releasing cytokines, adipokines, growth factors, and other soluble factors, which in turn affect neuronal health and systemic inflammation. This review explores the complex bidirectional interactions between the brain and peripheral organs, including the gut, adipose tissue, liver, muscle, bone and immune system. Notably, the gut microbiome’s role in neurodegenerative diseases through the gut–brain axis, the impact of adipose tissue in inflammation and metabolic regulation, and the muscle–brain axis with its neuroprotective myokines are also discussed. Additionally, we examine the neuro-immune axis, which mediates inflammatory responses and exacerbates neurodegeneration, and liver–brain axis that is implicated in regulating neuroinflammation and promoting disease progression. Dysregulation of inter-organ pathways contributes to the systemic manifestations of neurodegenerative diseases, offering insights into both potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and, in turn, promising strategies for preventing, diagnosing, and treating neurodegenerative diseases
Enjeux et stratégies de la traduction chantée : Notre Dame de Paris
No full textMore than 25 years after the premiere of Notre Dame de Paris (Plamondon/Cocciante 1998), we examine this mass phenomenon, which continues to enjoy international success, at least in part, as a result of translation. Focusing on the Italian adaptation by Pasquale Panella (2002), we analyze the translational strategies employed to create a singable version in Italian. This study highlights the gap between a purely linguistic analysis of the lyrics and an integrated analysis that considers the interplay between music and language, and which necessitates specific translatorial attention
Measurement campaigns of the cosmic ray flux at different latitudes within the Extreme Energy Events Project
No full textMeasurements of the cosmic ray flux at large latitudes, close to the Arctic Circle, were carried out in the last years by the Extreme Energy Events (EEE) Collaboration on board of a small boat, sailing from 66° to 82° N. A compact, scintillator-based, cosmic ray telescope was employed during such campaign. These measurements were later complemented at smaller latitudes, across Europe, from 35° to 52° N, by additional data taking campaigns. More recently, data were also obtained by installing the detector on board of the Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci, during a three weeks-long travel around Italy, which covered the latitude range 38°- 46° N, partially overlapping with previous measurements. An ongoing initiative with the same detector is also in progress to exploit the latitude range from about 50° to 70° N by a car trip across North Europe. A survey of this activity and the main results achieved so far, together with its impact also on the overall outreach initiatives of the EEE Project, will be given in this contribution
The Role of Imaging in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: From Diagnosis to Individualized Therapy
No full textBackground: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), comprising Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, requires accurate assessment over time. Imaging techniques play a crucial role in diagnosis, monitoring disease activity, and guiding therapeutic response. This review summarizes the current evidence on radiologic imaging techniques in IBD, focusing on intestinal ultrasound (IUS), computed tomography enterography (CTE), magnetic resonance enterography (MRE), and other emerging technologies. Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, encompassing publications up to 31 October 2024. Results: IUS offers a non-invasive tool for assessing bowel wall thickness, vascularity, and complications. CTE and MRE provide detailed visualization of luminal and extraluminal disease, with MRE preferred for routine monitoring due to the absence of ionizing radiation. Standardized indices and scoring systems aid in objective disease activity assessment. Emerging technologies like Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/MRI and radiomics show promise in combining metabolic and morphological information for complex cases. Conclusions: Imaging has a central role in IBD management, with IUS, CTE, and MRE demonstrating high diagnostic accuracy. Radiomics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are paving the way for precision imaging. Integrating advanced imaging techniques, scoring systems, and AI-driven analytics represents a transformative step toward more effective and individualized care for patients with IBD
Higher-Order Weak Formulation for Vibration Analysis of Anisotropic Doubly-Curved Shells with Holes and Discontinuities
No full textThis work focuses on the application of two-dimensional higher-order theories within the Equivalent Single Layer (ESL) approach for the free vibration analysis of anisotropic doubly-curved shells with irregular bi-connected domains, holes, and cracks. To this end, the dynamic governing equations are derived from the Hamilton principle in curvilinear principal coordinates, using a higher-order Lagrange interpolation of the unknown variables. An isogeometric mapping technique is employed to account for arbitrarily-shaped structures. A constitutive relation valid for generally anisotropic materials is considered within the theory, and a generalized kinematic model, based on power and zigzag functions, is adopted along the thickness direction. A numerical solution is derived with the Generalized Differential Quadrature (GDQ) method. Furthermore, a finite element implementation of the theory is carried out using higher-order Lagrange and Hermite shape functions to interpolate the solution within rectangular and triangular elements which discretize the parametric domain. The model is validated against some reference solutions obtained from finite elements, and the convergence of the results from numerical method is assessed. The accuracy of the solution is investigated for structures described by bi-connected domains, including panels with one or more holes of arbitrary shape. Furthermore, doubly-curved laminated shells are studied with internal line cracks. The procedure presented in this paper represents a significative advancement in the analysis of shell structures, since it provides a comprehensive finite element formulation for anisotropic doubly-curved shells, based on unified formulations, which can be used even for curved laminated structures characterized by holes, discontinuities, cracks, and arbitrary shape
Cyberbullying: An Interdisciplinary Survey of the Dark Side of Social Networks
No full textCyberbullying is a growing digital threat with serious psychological and social consequences. This interdisciplinary survey examines its defining characteristics, impact on victims, and the challenges of detection and intervention. Drawing from technological, psychological, educational, and legal perspectives, the paper maps the landscape of current research and methods. From a technical standpoint, we highlight the use of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques—such as supervised machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing (NLP), and multimodal analysis—for content detection and behavioral pattern recognition. Social Network Analysis supports the detection of relational dynamics, while ethical considerations address issues like privacy, accountability, and moderation. The proposed framework is conceptual and not empirically validated. This review aims to support cross-disciplinary understanding and future research on practical implementation
Totally Umbilical Hypersurfaces of Lorentzian Reducible Spaces
No full textWe investigate totally umbilical hypersurfaces in Lorentzian reducible spaces, focusing on their classification and geometric properties. We explore conditions for the existence of proper totally umbilical hypersurfaces in a (n+1)-dimensional Lorentzian reducible manifold and provide explicit examples, especially in the three-dimensional case. Moreover, in this special case, we determine a general condition characterizing minimal and CMC surfaces and describe some examples
Search for diphoton resonances in the 66 to 110 GeV mass range using pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No full textA search is performed for light, spin-0 bosons decaying into two photons in the 66 to 110 GeV mass range, using 140 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at = 13 TeV produced by the Large Hadron Collider and collected by the ATLAS detector. Multivariate analysis techniques are used to define event categories that improve the sensitivity to new resonances beyond the Standard Model. A model-independent search for a generic spin-0 particle and a model-dependent search for an additional low-mass Higgs boson are performed in the diphoton invariant mass spectrum. No significant excess is observed in either search. Mass-dependent upper limits at the 95% confidence level are set in the model-independent scenario on the fiducial cross-section times branching ratio into two photons in the range of 8 fb to 53 fb. Similarly, in the model-dependent scenario upper limits are set on the total cross-section times branching ratio into two photons as a function of the Higgs boson mass in the range of 19 fb to 102 fb