Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca- Università del Salento
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Charged-hadron and identified-hadron (KS0, Lambda, Cascade-) yield measurements in photo-nuclear Pb+Pb and p+Pb collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 5.02 TeV with ATLAS
No full textThis paper presents the measurement of charged-hadron and identified-hadron (K0S, Lambda, Cascade-) yields in photonuclear collisions using 1.7nb-1 of sqrt(sNN) = 5.02TeV Pb+Pb data collected in 2018 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Candidate photonuclear events are selected using a combination of tracking and calorimeter information, including the zero-degree calorimeter. The yields as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity are measured in these photonuclear collisions as a function of charged-particle multiplicity. These photonuclear results are compared with 0.1nb-1 of sqrt(sNN)=5.02TeV p+Pb data collected in 2016 by ATLAS using similar charged-particle multiplicity selections. These photonuclear measurements shed light on potential quark-gluon plasma formation in photonuclear collisions via observables sensitive to radial flow, enhanced baryon-to-meson ratios, and strangeness enhancement. The results are also compared with the Monte Carlo dpmjet-iii generator and hydrodynamic calculations to test whether such photonuclear collisions may produce small droplets of quark-gluon plasma that flow collectively
Shaping the future: ethical, legal and social implications (ELSI) of digital innovation ecosystems (DIEs) amid the Twin Transition
No full textPurpose – This study aims to investigate the ethical, legal and social implications (ELSI) of digital transformation within digital innovation ecosystems (DIEs), particularly in the context of the Twin Transition, which integrates digital and green transformation. It seeks to highlight the agency and heterogeneity of actors within DIEs, emphasizing their active role in implementing strategies that align innovation with sustainability. By moving beyond a technology-centered perspective, the study contributes to the discourse on how DIE stakeholders navigate the intersection of digitalization and sustainability through collaborative innovation. Design/methodology/approach – Using a three-phase qualitative research approach, this study first conducts a thematic analysis of academic literature on ELSI within DIEs, conceptualizing them as multi-actor ecosystems. It then applies a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis to identify the internal challenges and external pressures faced by the diverse participants in DIEs. Finally, it employs the TOWS framework to develop strategic, actor-specific recommendations for navigating the Twin Transition. Findings – The research underscores that addressing ELSI is fundamental to achieving a responsible digital transformation that aligns with sustainable development. It highlights that the success of DIEs is not driven by centralized decision-making but by the collective actions and strategic choices of diverse stakeholders. By leveraging ecosystem-wide strengths and opportunities while mitigating weaknesses and threats, DIE participants can foster inclusive, ethical and socially responsible value creation. Practical implications – The findings provide actionable insights for participants within DIEs, demonstrating how ELSI-informed strategies can guide digital transformation while ensuring technological progress remains equitable and responsible. It provides a structured methodology for ecosystem actors to assess risks, identify ethical challenges and develop governance mechanisms that support sustainable innovation. Social implications – By addressing the broader societal consequences of digital transformation, this research highlights the governance-related dimension of ELSI, stressing the need for a clear vision of the type of society that digital transformation seeks to build. It reinforces that DIEs must engage in active, inclusive decision-making to ensure that digital innovation contributes to equity, safety and long-term social welfare, ultimately shaping a responsible and sustainable digital future. Originality/value – This study advances a human-centered, actor-driven approach to DIEs, moving beyond the implicit assumption of DIEs as self-governing entities. By embedding ELSI into strategic frameworks like SWOT and TOWS, the study advocates for a holistic approach that transcends mere technological adoption, respectively, a politically engaged and ethically grounded perspective on digital transformation. It argues that strategic planning must actively involve stakeholders in defining a sustainable, inclusive and ethically responsible digital future
Territorial development of fragile urban contexts in the face of climate change challenges: a comparative analysis of Brindisi and Porto Marghera, Italy
No full textThe role played by fossil fuel companies in the territorialisation-deterritorialisation-reterritorialisation cycle provides a geographical interpretation of climate change. This helps in understanding the phenomenon, given the evolution of vertical (environment/human communities) and horizontal (industry, institutions, local communities, environmental movements, etc.) relationships across different scales. The establishment of fossil fuel companies in a region initiates irreversible transformation processes— both tangible (landscape, infrastructure, etc.) and intangible (production relations, programmatic trajectories, etc.). The impacts of such industries on the environment and climate play a dual role. On the one hand, they can be interpreted
from a deterritorialisation perspective, especially when accompanied by harmful deindustrialisation forms. On the other hand, fossil fuel companies’ acknowledged accountability for environmental degradation processes in their vicinity and contribution to climate change has sparked a diverse range of responses from multiple territorial actors, identifying various potential reterritorialisation perspectives. Based on these premises, this contribution focuses on two industrial urban contexts on the Italian Adriatic coast:
Brindisi (Puglia, Southeast) and the area of Venice–Porto Marghera (Veneto, Northeast). Both areas host a petrochemical plant and other heavy industries, whose harmful effects on health, the environment, and the climate have led to recognising the two territories as sites of national concern. After a comparative analysis of the two areas’ vulnerability profiles, carried out through the contextual vulnerability approach, the contribution delves into the development trajectories undertaken by the two territories to understand how environmental and climate issues have been addressed in local political agendas
"Fino a quando non verrà". Aspettando la gestione privata delle Terme di Santa Cesarea
No full textIl presente lavoro di ricerca è dedicato alle Terme di Santa Cesarea (Lecce), attività site-specific indissolubilmente legata alle sorgenti d’acqua salso-bromo-iodica precipue di questo tratto di costa salentina. Il contributo evidenzia le fasi evolutive di tale complesso aziendale di proprietà pubblica, che resta ancor oggi fermo allo stadio del termalismo sociale/assistito (Lemmi, 2009, p. 150), per poi soffermarsi sul decennale e controverso percorso di rilancio che oggi punta alla privatizzazione della sua gestione, premessa necessaria per attribuire alle Terme il ruolo di invariante strutturale, ossia di “componente essenziale del territorio attorno alla quale si sviluppano iniziative individuali e collettive, e dalla quale si dipartono tutte le strategie di sviluppo locale” (Pollice, Rinaldi, 2006, p. 1.386
Decoding Past Microbial Communities Shifts Induced by Natural and Anthropogenic Disturbance Events Through Extracellular DNA
Full text linkCoastal marine ecosystems face escalating threats from multiple anthropogenic stressors, including the release of industrial contaminants. Despite decades of industrial activity impacting marine ecosystems, long-term effects on microbial communities and related key ecological functions remain unclear. Here, we analysed the prokaryotic genetic signatures of extracellular DNA preserved in sediment layers dating from the mid-17th century to the present day collected from two sites of one of the most polluted European coastal areas (i.e., Bagnoli-Coroglio Bay, Tyrrhenian Sea), where industrial activities began in the early 20th century and ended in 1992. Archaeal 16S rDNA copy numbers were higher than bacterial ones, reaching values of 2.3 and 8.8 × 107 copies during pre-industrial volcanic episodes and the intense industrial development period, respectively. Most of the archaeal genetic signatures identified along the sediment vertical profiles belong to Bathyarchaeia. The pre-industrial period showed lower diversity in terms of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) belonging to 70 prokaryotic families when compared with industrialisation periods (182 families), suggesting prokaryotic ability to respond and change in relation to modified environmental conditions occurring over time. High microbial β-diversity values were observed, with major shifts occurring for more than 50 prokaryotic taxa in both cores, suggesting that chemical contamination and volcanic eruptions fostered microbial succession, selecting certain taxa more adapted to cope with such adverse ecological conditions. Our findings indicate that extracellular DNA pools of marine sediments can hold information on long-term changes in benthic microbial diversity, representing valuable archives for understanding ecosystem dynamics over time
Memristor-Based Circuits and Architectures Enabling Next-Generation Neuromorphic RFID Systems
No full textCurrent RFID circuits, designed primarily for basic low-power communication and data storage, are not suitable to meet the computational needs of future AI-based IoT applications. While effective for simple identification tasks, these systems fall short in supporting advanced data processing and on-chip intelligence. Next-generation neuromorphic RFID circuits are expected to dynamically adapt based on external inputs and emulate biological neuron activity, paving the way for intelligent, low-power, and autonomous devices. This paper explores the potential of neuromorphic RFID systems driven by memristor-based architectures, leveraging ReRAM technology and crossbar arrays. ReRAM offers key advantages, including reduced energy consumption, essential for enabling local processing and real-time decision-making in intelligent RFID nodes. To demonstrate this potential, a 2 × 2 crossbar circuit was designed and simulated in LTspice using Biolek’s memristor model. The analysis examined the circuit’s response to read and EPC-like inputs, state variable dynamics, and digital output behavior. Operating at microwatt-level power consumption and capable of processing sensor signals, the proposed architecture shows promise as a foundational building block for future low-power, intelligent, and autonomous RFID systems
Embodied Education and Teacher Professional Development: Re-thinking the Body in Educational Practice
No full textHigh Burden of Pancreatic Surgery for Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasia With Low-Grade Dysplasia and Benign Cysts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textBackground: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms with low-grade dysplasia (IPMNs w/LGD) and benign cysts, including serous cystadenomas (SCAs), are common pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) that are better managed conservatively. The burden of patients who undergo surgical resection for these cysts is unknown. Our study aims to estimate the global prevalence of surgical resections for IPMNs w/LGD and benign cysts, as well as the pre-operative misclassification rate among all resected PCLs. Methods: We searched the literature through September 2023 to identify full-text articles that reported the surgical histopathology of resected PCLs. A proportional meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model, with prevalence estimates reported as pooled proportions. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed based on use of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), years of enrollment, and geographic location. Results: Sixteen studies (n = 5830) were identified. Among all surgically resected PCLs, 24% were IPMNs w/LGD (95% CI: 18%–32%), 16% were SCAs (95% CI 13%–19%), 4% were other benign cysts (95% CI: 3%–6%), and 24% were pre-operatively misclassified (95% CI: 16%–34%). Of the resected IPMNs, 62% had LGD (95% CI: 51%–71%). An increasing use of pre-operative EUS is associated with a lower prevalence of resected SCAs (p < 0.05) but has not impacted the rate of resections for IPMNs w/LGD. The pre-operative misclassification of PCLs has significantly decreased over time (p < 0.01), although not significantly influenced by increasing EUS utilization or geographic location. Conclusion: One quarter of PCLs are pre-operatively misclassified and ∼44% are surgically resected for benign cysts or IPMNs w/LGD. Implementation of advanced diagnostic tools might improve pre-operative classification and reduce overtreatment of PCLs
