Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca- Università del Salento
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G. Mastronuzzi, G. Vizzino, Spazi sacri e paesaggio: analisi GIS per lo studio dei luoghi di culto nella Puglia meridionale preromana, in D. Lefèvre-Novaro, C. Voisin (éd.), Sanctuaires et paysages. La (re)découverte des lieux de culte en Méditerranée centrale et orientale, Actes du colloque international, Strasbourg, 21 - 23 novembre 2023, Strasbourg, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire HiSAAR, 2025 (ISBN: 978-2-494259-18-8), pp. 58-81.
No full textThe sacredness of a place of worship cannot only be perceived through its architectural structures, but it can also manifest itself through the visual sensations evoked by the surrounding landscape that characterises it. In the Mediterranean world there are countless examples of these. The typology and location of sacred areas in the pre-Roman Apulian settlements of Vaste and Oria (6th-3th c. BC) represent a significant example of the role played by the surrounding landscape in the perception of the sacred.
In Oria, Monte Papalucio, the site of community worship since the sixth century BC, was placed at a crossroads which connected urban area, necropolises and open agricultural land. In Vaste there are different kinds of definitions of the sacred space. In the Archaic phase (6th-5th c. BC), there is evidence of the presence of cult places with cippi (limestone orthostats) at the limits of the village; they created a ‘sacred circle’ around the inhabited area. Subsequently, in the Hellenistic period, the cult area of Piazza Dante, in the heart of the town, assumed great importance, probably destined for community ceremonies, as in Oria; in this phase some smaller cult places were set at the periphery of the settlement. Thus, the study and analysis of the landscape can shed light on the choices that led to the location of the places of worship. In particular, the use of GIS has enhanced the study of ancient places of worship and their relationship with the surrounding environment. Factors such as perception and movement are concepts taken into consideration to better understand settlement choices and past events. The case studies of Oria and Vaste can be examined as examples of the visual impact that these sacred places had on the population because they became a
point of reference with roads that allowed the crossing of territories and connected places
Mechanics of Space Debris Removal: A Review
Get PDFThe growing population of space debris poses a critical risk to space operations, requiring urgent removal strategies. Numerous scientific investigations have focused on debris capture mechanisms in Earth’s orbits, including contact and contact-less capturing methods. However, the known debris population exhibits a multiscale distribution with broad statistics concerning size, shape, etc., making any general-purpose removal approach challenging. This review examines the mechanics of debris detection, capture, and mitigation, analyzing contact-based and contactless removal techniques. Special focus is given to net capturing methods and their mechanical limitations.We also aim to provide comprehensive discussion, beginning with an overview of current debris statistics followed by detection and removal methods, by analyzing key mechanical parameters relevant to removal. Therefore, we delve into the key parameters essential for the engineering of novel debris removal technologies. Finally, we discuss the preventive measures, regulative frameworks and future research directions
Diagnostic Approach to Biliary Strictures
No full text: Biliary strictures represent a narrowing of the bile ducts, leading to obstruction that may result from benign or malignant etiologies. Accurate diagnosis is crucial but challenging due to overlapping features between benign and malignant strictures. This review presents a comprehensive diagnostic approach that integrates biochemical markers, imaging modalities, and advanced endoscopic techniques to distinguish between these causes. Imaging tools such as ultrasound, MRI/MRCP, and CECT are commonly used, each with distinct advantages and limitations. Furthermore, endoscopic procedures such as ERCP and EUS are key in tissue acquisition, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, especially for indeterminate or complex strictures. Recent innovations, including artificial intelligence and new endoscopic techniques, hold promise in enhancing precision and reducing diagnostic challenges. This review emphasizes a multidisciplinary strategy to improve diagnostic pathways, ensuring timely management for patients with biliary strictures
Private grief, justice, and political memory: the mothers and grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo in Argentina
No full textThe eu-FAIRnews: A Preliminary Exploration of Bridging Disinformation and Digital Justice Through FAIR Data Practices in Online News Sources
No full textFreedom of speech is a crucial right. While the digital realm has allowed for greater expansion of free expression, it has also facilitated anonymous sharing of content. The veracity of news is increasingly threatened by the difficulty of tracking data, sources, and those responsible for data inconsistencies, which contribute to disinformation. Anonymity has become a potential threat, enabling the spread of disinformation without consequences and challenging regulations. The “untraceability” of data modifications, data inconsistencies, and anonymity of authors lead us to consider whether the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles could be applied to news sources to determine if they can help counter disinformation, while still respecting the right to freedom of speech and enhancing the right to clear information for all and the journalists’ right to professional integrity. The difficulties in regulating disinformation while respecting freedom of speech, combined with the increasing presence of anomalies in data from news sources and the lack of Italian corpora for training detection/prediction models, led us to develop the eu-FAIRnews. Initially conceived as a scraping tool to collect news and data from various sources, eu-FAIRnews is now being implemented to explore the compatibility of news sources and articles with the FAIR principles and their relation to news quality, disinformation, and digital justice. The eu-FAIRnews tool reflects real-world challenges in defending against this type of hybrid threat. Finally, the tool guides users through the visualization of data, results, and preliminary scores, enhancing transparency, accountability, and media awareness
Knowledge sharing between businesses and stakeholders for systemic and sustainable regional development. Insights in the agri-food sector
No full textThe paper interprets sustainable regional development (SRD) as an exchange ecosystem in which
stakeholders provide reciprocal access to resources, benefiting both individual and systemic levels.
We suggest that knowledge, as a shared and value-transcribed critical resource, nourishes a
community’s motivational system (CMS), orienting it towards SRD. This inherently raises questions
regarding the nature of social business models (SBM) that can best support community’s motivational
system, as well as their sustainable regional development derivatives. Applying our theoretical
framework to Agri-food Protection Consortia – a specific type of hybrid social, regional valueoriented
business organization – we demonstrate how knowledge sharing among these social business
models facilitates a community’s motivational system that support shared sustainable regional
development. Methodologically, we employ the Fuzzy Expert System (FES) to analyse companies
participating in the three most representative Italian consortia, aiming to empirically address the
knowledge gap regarding the influence of social business model on sustainable regional development.
We further propose practicable participatory strategic guidelines that balance informal and formal
governance mechanisms while catalysing and enhancing the connection of strategic business
initiatives for sustainable regional developmen
Multilevel Modeling of Training Needs in Artificial Intelligence
Get PDFNowadays, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is playing a rapidly increasing role in several fields of research and in almost all sectors of real life. However, few studies have assessed the effects of AI applications on training needs. This paper proposes an innovative multilevel modeling in order to investigate Awareness, Attitude and Trust towards AI and their reflections on learning needs. In particular, it is shown how a machine learning variable selection algorithm can support the definition of the optimal subset of all relevant covariates with respect to the outcome variable and improve the multilevel model performance for estimating the probability of educational needs. Thus, starting from a complex web survey to European citizens distributed in eight countries, the estimation of a multilevel binary model, defined on the basis of covariates selected through the Boruta random forest algorithm, is proposed. A discussion on the gender differences of the related estimated multilevel logit models is presented. A sensitivity analysis is also included in order to assess the prediction accuracy of the proposed multilevel logit modeling
Outcomes of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for High-Risk Colorectal Colitis-Associated Neoplasia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
No full textIntroduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. High-risk colorectal colitis-associated neoplasia (HR-CAN) can be difficult to treat using traditional endoscopic resection methods. Aim of the study is to evaluate the outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) on IBD patients with HR-CANs. Methods: In this retrospective multicenter study, we consecutively included IBD patients referred to expert Italian endoscopy centers who underwent ESD or hybrid-ESD (hESD) for HR-CANs. Main outcomes were the rate of en-bloc, R0, curative resections, adverse events (AEs), the rate of local recurrence, metachronous lesions, and post-resection surgery. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze survival curves. Risk factors associated to main outcomes were investigated by univariable analysis. Results: Ninety-one colonic IBD patients (83.4% ulcerative colitis, disease duration of 15.3 ± 8.7 years) with 96 HR-CANs (53.1% high-grade dysplasia/adenocarcinoma, size 34.8 mm ± 16.2 mm) were included. ESD and hESD were performed in 82.3% and 17.7% of cases. En-bloc, R0, and curative resections were achieved in 95.9% (95% CI 0.958; 0.896-0.988), 85.4% (95% CI 0.854; 0.767-0.917), and 83.3% (95% CI 0.833; 0.743-0.901) of cases. AEs occurred in 12.5% (95% CI 0.125; 0.066-0.208) of cases, which were all conservatively managed. After a mean follow-up of 23.4 ± 16.1 months, local recurrence and metachronous lesions occurred each in 3.1% (95% CI 0.031; 0.006-0.088) of cases. Post-resection surgery was required in 11.5% (95%CI 0.114; 0.058-0.195) of cases. Conclusions: ESD of HR-CANs shows favorable outcomes on the medium and long-term course in IBD patients
Optical ratiometric silica pH sensors unveil active transport and subcellular particle localization in protoplasts
No full textUnderstanding the interaction mechanisms of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with plant membranes is crucial for their effective use in various applications. While passive transport of smaller ENMs is well-documented, the mechanisms underlying active transport of larger ENMs remain poorly understood. This study systematically investigates the active transport and subcellular distribution of ENMs (100–1000 nm) within protoplasts using optical ratiometric silica pH sensors for localization. Highly monodispersed ratiometric pH sensors, based on silica particles modified with fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate (FITC) and cyanine3 NHS ester (CY3) dyes, were employed to elucidate internalization mechanisms. Protoplasts from Nicotiana tabacum L. leaves successfully internalized the sensors. 3D segmentation of protoplasts revealed distinct pH gradients, indicating vacuole accumulation. Colocalization analysis and cellular compartments staining further confirmed sensor distribution. High-throughput imaging flow cytometry showed efficient internalization rates, which decreased after cell wall regeneration. Notably, inhibition experiments with the salicylic acid (SA) and Tyrphostin A23 (TyrA23) inhibitors confirmed clathrin-mediated endocytosis in particle uptake. This study establishes rational design principles for controlling active ENM uptake and subcellular localization via optical pH sensing in protoplasts. The findings enhance our understanding of plant cell trafficking mechanisms and hold promise for targeted delivery and applications in plant biology research
