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"Women's Sports is Not a Real Sports": Negative Stereotypes about Sportswomen and the Experience of Gender Inequality in Handball in Croatia
No full textOsnovni cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi koliko se često mladi rukometaši i rukometašice susreću s negativnim stereotipima prema sportašicama. Osim spomenutoga, ispitali smo razlikuju li se sportašice koje su u različitom stupnju izložene negativnim stereotipima u doživljaju rodne neravnopravnosti koja se očituje u nejednakim uvjetima treniranja i nejednakom načinu vrednovanja sportskih postignuća mladića i djevojaka koji treniraju u njihovom sportskom klubu. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 522 rukometaša/ica (289 mladića i 233 djevojaka) čiji se raspon dobi kretao od 14 do 17 godina (M=14, 75 ; SD=0, 96). Prema dobivenim rezultatima, s negativnim se stereotipima prema sportašicama i/ili sportu u kojem sudjeluju djevojke susrelo 94, 5% mladića i 95, 6% djevojaka. Mlade su sportašice češće izložene stavu prema kojem sport nije aktivnost namijenjena djevojkama (U=28188, 00, p<0, 05), odnosno stavu koji podrazumijeva da sport u kojem sudjeluju žene nije atraktivan (U=28111, 00, p<0, 05). Djevojke koje se češće susreću s negativnim stereotipima prema sportašicama statistički značajno češće navode da sportaši i sportašice u njihovom klubu ne treniraju u jednakim uvjetima (U=3551, 000, p<0, 001) te da se njihovi sportski uspjesi ne vrednuju na isti način (U=3353, 500, p<0, 001). Dobiveni rezultati upućuju na potrebu za poduzimanjem mjera s ciljem suzbijanja negativnih stereotipa prema sportašicama te omogućavanja jednakih uvjeta treniranja i vrednovanja sportskih rezultata sportaša i sportašica
Writer visibility in L1 vs. L2 argumentative writing: Use of the fi rst person personal pronouns in Croatian
No full textDeveloping writing encompasses acquiring linguistic features, register and style related to text type and genre, and learning to write means learning to express oneself in written form. Involvement of the author in the text, or writer visibility, is characterized by fi rst and second person reference, the speaker’s mental processes, monitoring of information fl ow, emphatic particles, etc. (Petch–Tyson 1998). Various studies showed that writer visibility depends on discourse type, cultural conventions, language profi ciency, writer’s L1, etc. (Ädel 2001 ; Petch–Tyson 1998 ; Rodríguez, Vázquez and Guzmán 2011 ; Zolotova 2014). Th is paper investigates writer visibility in Croatian L1 and L2 argumentative writing. Th e main research question is how Croatian L1 and L2 writers diff er in the use of I–perspective compared to we–perspective, both quantitatively and qualitatively. For the purpose of this paper argumentative essays in Croatian as L1 and L2 (N=80) are analyzed for their frequencies and discourse functions. Th e results show that first person personal pronouns are used more frequently in Croatian L2 than in L1 writing. However, only the overuse of I–form is proven to be statistically signifi cant. Th e qualitative analysis shows that in Croatian L1 and L2 writing, the pronoun I is most frequently used to express discourse functions of writer’s stance and writer’s experience, whereas the pronoun we is used for the same purpose (presenting a general claim), thus to a much lower frequency. Besides similarities of L1 and L2 writing, the study shows the tendency of non–native speakers to use certain discourse function more frequently. Th e obtained results gave more insight into writing in Croatian, and confi rm cultural, linguistic, and language learning influences to writing in both L1 and L2
The Comparison of Biographies in Krčelić's Works
No full textCilj je ovog diplomskog rada uvidjeti je li Baltazar Adam Krčelić pišući svoja dva
djela, Historiarum Cathedralis Ecclesiae Zagrabiensis Partis Primae Tomus I i
Scriptorum ex regno Sclavoniae a seculo XIV. usque ad XVII. inclusive collectio, koristio
iste činjenice o biskupima koji su ujedno bili i književnici i u kojoj su mjeri ti tekstovi
podudarni. Biskupi koji se pojavljuju u oba djela su bl. Augustin Kažotić, Nikola Olah,
Pavao Gregorijanec, Juraj Drašković i Nikola Stepanić Selnički. U radu se donosi
Krčelićeva biografija i kratki povijesni pregled biografije kao žanra. Uspoređuju se
izdvojene biografije te činjenice koje Krčelić donosi o spomenutim osobama. Biografije
su uspoređene s obzirom na opseg i na sadržaj informacija koje su iznesene o navedenim
biskupima. Na samome kraju diplomskog rada zaključuje se da dva Krčelićeva djela nisu
potpuno jednaka. Opseg im je u potpunosti različit, a što se tiče činjenica o određenim
biskupima, iako se neke od njih ponavljaju, ipak se može reći da je u većem dijelu Krčelić
bio originalan i da je podatke iznio u svakom djelu na drukčiji način.Aim of this master's thesis is to see whether Baltazar Adam Krčelić, while he was
writing his two literary works, Historiarum Cathedralis ecclesiae Zagrabiensis partis
primae tomus I and Scriptorum ex regno Sclavoniae a seculo XIV. usque ad XVII.
inclusive collectio, reiterated the same texts about bishops who were also writers and to
what extent are these texts congruent. The bishops who appear in both works are bl.
Augustin Kažotić, Nikola Olah, Pavao Gregorijanec, Juraj Drašković and Nikola Stepanić
Selnički. The thesis presents Krčelić's biography and a brief historical overview of
biography as a genre. The selected biographies and the facts that Krčelić brings about the
persons mentioned are being compared. Biographies were compared in terms of their
extent and the facts presented. At the very end of a master's thesis it is concluded that
Krčelić's two works are not exactly the same: the extent is completely different. As far as
the facts about specified bishops are concerned, although some of them are repetitive, it
can still be said that for the most part Krčelić was original and that he presented the data
in each work in a different way
Ivan Kukuljević Sakcinski in the process of Croatian national integration
No full textRad se bavi lokalnim izborima u Zagrebu 2021. godine. Metodom analize sadržaja analiziran je
način na koji su, za vrijeme izborne kampanje, na četiri portala (Večernji.hr, Jutarnji.hr, Tportal,
Dnevnik.hr) predstavljena četvorica kandidata kojima su predizborne ankete davale najveće
izglede za ulazak u drugi krug lokalnih izbora. Ti su kandidati Tomislav Tomašević, Miroslav
Škoro, Davor Filipović i Joško Klisović. Kako bi se utvrdila medijska zastupljenost kandidata,
kako su predstavljeni njihovi izborni programi te koliko je korištena negativna kampanja,
postavljene su tri hipoteze od kojih je jedna potvrđena, jedna odbačena, a jedna djelomično
potvrđena. Cilj rada bio je predstaviti rezultate provedenoga istraživanja i na kraju iznijeti
zaključak o odabiru biračkoga tijela na lokalnim izborima 2021. Osim toga, rad ukratko obrađuje
politiku i napredak Grada Zagreba od proglašenja samostalnosti Republike Hrvatske do danas i
daje se kraći uvid u teoriju političkoga marketinga.This thesis covers the 2021 Zagreb mayoral elections. The method of content analysis was used to
analyse the way in which, during the election campaign, Večernji.hr, Jutarnji.hr, Tportal and
Dnevnik.hr presented four candidates who were considered the most likely to enter the second
ballot of the local elections. Those candidates were Tomislav Tomašević, Miroslav Škoro, Davor
Filipović and Joško Klisović. In order to determine how the media represented them, how their
electoral programs were presented, and how much negative campaigning was used, three
hypotheses were set. One of which was confirmed, one rejected, and one partially confirmed. The
objective of this thesis is to report the findings of the research and draw a conclusion about the
choices made by the voters at the 2021 mayoral elections. This thesis also briefly discusses the
politics and progress of the City of Zagreb since the beginning of the Republic of Croatia’s
independence until today, and offers a brief overview of the political marketing theory
Alija Izetbegović as a publicist and politician
No full textU radu je prikazana publicistiĉka i politiĉka djelatnost Alije Izetbegoviĉa u razdoblju
od 1941. do 1992. Prvi dio rada obuhvaća analizu Izetbegovićeve djelatnosti u udruţenju
„Mladi Muslimani“ i analizu Izetbegovćevih islamistiĉkih tekstova. U drugom dijelu rada
prikazana je Izetbegovićeva politiĉka djelatnost tijekom disolucije Jugoslavije; što ukljuĉuje
osnivanje Stranke Demokratske Akcije, uspostavu demokratske vlasti te Izetbegovićev odnos
prema institucijama drţave. U nastavku rada analizirana je opravdanost zahtjeva za ureĊenjem
BiH kao graĊanske drţave, a zatim i razlozi zbog kojih takvo rješenje nije prihvaćeno od
druga dva konstitutivna naroda u BiH.The paper presents the analysis of political activity of Alija Izetbegović in the period
from 1941. to 1992. The first part of the paper includes an analysis of Izetbegović's activity in
the association "Young Muslims" and an analysis of Izetbegović's Islamist texts. The second
part of the paper presents Izetbegović's political activity during the dissolution of Yugoslavia;
which includes the establishment of the Party of Democratic Action, the establishment of
democratic government and Izetbegović's attitude towards state institutions. In the
continuation of the paper, the justification of the request for the organization of BiH as a civil
state is analyzed, and then the reasons are presented why such a solution was not acceptable to
the other two constituent ethnic groups in BiH
Theory of Minimal State in Robert Nozick's Philosophy of Libertarianism
No full textProfesor na harvardskom svečilištu, Robert Nozick (1938-2002) najpoznatiji je
predstavnik političkog libertarijanizma. U djelu Anarhija, država i utopija, u kojem je
primjetan utjecaj ekonomske teorije Miltona Friedmana i čikaške škole, Nozick se predstavlja
kao branilac minimalne države; od države zadržava samo bitna svojstva, i nastoji pokazati da
nije opravdano nikakvo širenje vlasti države preko njezine uloge zaštitnika od sile, krađe,
prevare, ili uloge jamca ugovora. Teorija minimalne države, koja za sebe smatra da obnavlja
političku filozofiju prosvjetiteljstva, naročito Lockeovu, izvedena je iz nepovredivih prava
koja proistječu iz individualne slobode.
Propitkujući razloge postojanja države (zašto ne odsustvo države?) Nozick prikazuje
njezin nastanak kao udruživanje dobro shvaćenih interesa kako bi se otklonile loše strane
prirodnog stanja. Najosnovnija društva za uzajamnu zaštitu, zaštitnička udruženja, zatim
subliminalna država (koja ne preuzima na sebe neposrednu zaštitu pojedinaca) dovode na
kraju do minimalne države, koja osigurava zaštitu svih, kao i izvjesnu preraspodjelu
bogatstva, utoliko što prisiljava jedne da financiraju zaštitu drugih. Ali ta preraspodjela ne ide
dalje od toga.
Cilj je ovoga diplomskoga rada, s jedne strane kritički prikazati libertarijanističku
teoriju minimalne države američkog filozofa Roberta Nozicka u kojoj naglašava radikalno
individualistički koncept prava pojedinaca te odbacuje anarhističke teze o tome da postojanje
države u bilo kojem obliku nije opravdano. S druge strane, diplomski rad sadržavati će i
glavne odrednice „Teorije pravednosti“ američkog filozofa Johna Rawlsa kojeg Robert
Nozick kritizira i ističe kako njegova teorija ima snažne egalitarističke momente.Harvard professor Robert Nozick (1938-2002) is the most famous representative of
political libertarianism. In his book Anarchy, State and Utopia, which is affected by economic
theory of Milton Friedman and Chicago school of economics, Nozick declared himself as a
defender of a minimal state; from state he retains only essential properties and tries to show
that is not justified expansion of the state power through its role as a protector of force, theft,
fraud and guarantor of the contract. Theory of minimal state considers itself as a restore of a
political philosophy of enlightenment, especially Locke's, and it is derived from inviolable
rights – arisen from individual liberty.
Questioning the reasons of formation of the state (why not absence of the state)
Nozick shows its origin as a pooling well-understood interests to avoid shortcomings of
naturalstate. The most basic associations for mutual protection, protective associations, then
subliminal state (which does not take over direct protection of individuals) eventually lead to
a minimal state, which ensures the protection of all, as well as a certain redistribution of
wealth, insofar as it forces one to finance the protection of the other. But that distribution goes
no further than that.
The aim of this thesis is, on to one hand, to critically present the libertarian theory of
the minimal state of the American philosopher Robert Nozick in which he emphasises the
radical individualistic concept of the rights of the individuals and rejects anarchist theses that
the existence of the state in any form is not justified. On the other hand, the thesis will contain
the main determinants of the Theory of Justice of the American philosopher John Rawls,
whom Robert Nozick criticises and points out that his theory has strong egalitarian moments
Resilience caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in young people: differences between athletes and non-athletes
No full textOsnovni cilj istraživanja bio je opisati eventualne razlike u otpornosti na stres (eng.
Resilience), COVID-19 doživljenom stresu i COVID-19 izgaranju između mladih koji se bave
sportom i mladih koji se ne bave sportom. Budući da bavljenje sportom ima povoljan učinak na
mentalno zdravlje pojedinca, očekivane su razlike u otpornosti na stres, COVID-19 doživljenom
stresu te COVID-19 izgaranju s obzirom na razinu bavljenja sportom (aktivni sportaši, rekreativci
i nesportaši). Dodatna svrha ovog rada bila je ispitati je li djelovanje razine bavljenja sportom na
otpornost na stres, doživljeni stres i izgaranje ovisno o spolu te postoje li razlike između
individualnih i timskih sportaša. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 305 mladih osoba (108 muškaraca i
197 žena). Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su kako su sportaši otporniji na stres te su doživjeli manje
izgaranje uzrokovano COVID-19 pandemijom od rekreativaca i nesportaša. Interakcija spola i
razine bavljenja sportom nije se pokazala značajnom, odnosno pozitivni učinci bavljenja sportom
na nošenje sa stresom jednaki su kod oba spola. Nadalje, razlika u doživljavanju i nošenju sa
stresom između individualnih i timskih sportaša nije utvrđena.The main goal of the research was to describe possible differences in resilience, COVID19 stress and COVID-19 burnout between young people who play sports and those who do not.
Because playing sports has a beneficial effect on an individual's mental health, differences in stress
resistance, COVID-19 stress and COVID-19 burnout, are to be expected when taking into the
account the level of playing sports (active athletes, recreational athletes and non-athletes). An
additional purpose of this study was to examine whether there is an effect regarding the level of
playing sports on resilience, experienced stress and burnout depending on gender and, whether
there are differences between individual and team athletes. 305 young people (108 men and 197
women) participated in the research. The results showed that athletes were more resistant to stress
and experienced less burnout caused by COVID-19 pandemic than recreational and non-athletes.
The interaction of gender and level of participation did not prove to be significant, nor did the
difference between individual and team athletes
War and propaganda in the Spanish Civil War
No full textŠpanjolski građanski rat jedan je od važnijih međuratnih sukoba na europskom tlu. Često je
etiketiran kao „generalna proba“ pred Drugi svjetski rat, kako zbog trajanja, tako i zbog
internacionalizacije sukoba i uplitanja stranih država. U ovom radu, kroz interdisciplinarni pristup,
pokušat će se dokazati drugačije značenje spomenutog rata, odnosno je li propaganda Španjolskog
građanskog rata postavila temelje i putokaze za propagandne strojeve velikih europskih sila. A ti
su strojevi neposredno nakon završetka Španjolskog građanskog rata započeli preinake na karti
Europe. Uz pomoć dostupne znanstvene literature radom će se detaljno upoznati s pojmom
propagande i kako je ona korištena u navedenom ratu. Također objasnit će se uzroci i tijek samoga
rata te njegove posljedice. Komunizam, odnosno strah od njega na Zapadu, pokrenut će ponovno
kotačiće europske povijesti usmjerene prema novom svjetskom sukobu. U radu će se prikazati
postojanje propagande davno prije burnog 20. stoljeća, ali i činjenica da je ubrzani razvoj
propagande upravo u 20. stoljeću neosporno dao svoj doprinos u kreiranju predstojećih sukoba.
Prva postaja nadirućeg propagandnog vlaka bila je upravo Španjolska i politički nemiri nastali
abdikacijom kralja Alfonsa XIII. te uspostavom republike 1931. godine. Nacionalisti na čelu s
generalom Francom i Republikanci kao izabrana vlast započinju građanski rat i novu međuratnu
krizu.Spanish civil war is one of the more important interwar conflicts on Europe's ground. It is often
labeled as a dress rehearsal before the Second World War, in part for its duration, but also for the
internationalisation of the conflict and involvement of other countries. This paper will, through
interdisciplinary approach, try to prove a different significance of the abovementioned war. In
other words, did the propaganda of the Spanish Civil War lay the groundwork for the
propagandistic machines of the major European forces. Machines that will just after the Spanish
Civil war, start the rearrangements on the map of Europe. With the help of the available scientific
literature, the author will give us a detailed view on propaganda and how it was used in the
forementioned war. He will also explain the main causes and the course of the war and its
consequences. Communism, or rather the fear of it on the West, will roll the wheels of the
European history, guided towards a new world war. The paper will reveal the existance of
propaganda long before the violent 20th century, and also the fact that the 20th century fastgrowing propaganda gave its contribution in the creation of the upcoming conflict. The first station
for this imminent train is Spain and its political riots caused by the abdication of king Alfonso XIII
and the constitution of the Republic in 1931. Nationalists with general Franco and Republicans as
elected government, start of a civil war and a new interwar crisis
Perfectionism, body satisfaction and internalization of sociocultural attitudes towards physical appearance
No full textCilj provedenog istraživanja bio je ispitati odnos zadovoljstva tijelom s različitim oblicima
perfekcionizma i internalizacije sociokulturalnih stavova. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 414
sudionika (NM=106, NŽ=308) koji su u prosjeku bili stari 21,56 godina (M=21,56, SD=1,869),
a studiraju na sastavnicama Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Sudionici su ispunili Ljestvicu
perfekcionizma u tjelesnom izgledu (Yang i Stoeber, 2012), ljestvicu Zadovoljstvo tijelom iz
Inventara slike tijela i promjene tjelesnog izgleda (Ricciardelli i McCabe, 2002) te ljestvicu
Utjecaj medija iz Upitnika percipiranih sociokulturalnih utjecaja na sliku tijela i promjenu
tjelesnog izgleda (McCabe i Ricciardelli, 2001). Uz navedeno, prikupljeni su i demografski
podaci sudionika te podaci o fakultetu i godini studiranja. Utvrđene su statistički značajne rodne
razlike u internalizaciji sociokulturalnih stavova o tjelesnom izgledu kroz utjecaj medija na
faktoru Utjecaj medija na mršavljenje, na kojem studentice postižu više rezultate, što upućuje
na doživljaj većeg utjecaja medija na mršavljenje. Na cjelokupnom uzorku dobivena je značajna
pozitivna povezanost između zadovoljstva tijelom i pozitivnog perfekcionizma. S druge strane
zadovoljstvo tijelom negativno je povezano s negativnim perfekcionizmom, što upućuje na
važnost razlikovanja ova dva oblika perfekcionizma. Niske, ali značajne negativne povezanosti
utvrđene su između zadovoljstva tijelom i faktora Utjecaj medija na mršavljenje i Utjecaj
medija na povećanje mišićavosti. U skladu s očekivanjima, temeljem različitih oblika
perfekcionizma i internalizacije sociokulturalnih stavova o tjelesnom izgledu moguće je
objasniti značajan postotak varijance zadovoljstva tijelom (R
2=0,578).
S obzirom na relativno mali broj istraživanja na ovu temu u okviru studentske populacije,
rezultati istraživanja doprinose boljem razumijevanju odnosa ispitivanih konstrukata. Praktični
doprinos ovog istraživanja očituje se u mogućnosti primjene dobivenih rezultata u
osmišljavanju psiholoških preventivnih i/ili intervencijskih programa u radu sa studentskom
populacijom.The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between body satisfaction and different
forms of perfectionism and the internalization of sociocultural attitudes towards physical
appearance. A total of 414 participants (Nm=106, Nf=308) who were on average 21,56 years old
(M=21,56, SD=1,869) and are studying at The University of Zagreb, participated in the
research. Participants completed the The Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale (PAPS;
Yang and Stoeber, 2012), Body Satisfaction Scale from Body Image and Body Change
Questionnaire (McCabe and Ricciardelli, 2002) and Media Influence Scale from The Perceived
Sociocultural Influences on Body Image and Body Change Questionnaire (McCabe and
Ricciardelli, 2001). Participants' demographic information, as well as information about faculty
and year of study were also collected. Statistically significant gender differences were obtained
on the factor Influence of the media on weight loss. Namely, results showed that female students
reported a greater perception of the influence of the media on weight loss than male students.
On the whole sample, a significant positive correlation was found between body satisfaction
and positive perfectionism. On the other hand, body satisfaction is negatively correlated with
negative perfectionism, suggesting the importance of distinguishing these two forms of
perfectionism. Low but significant negative correlations were found between body satisfaction
and the factors Influence of media on weight loss and Influence of media on increasing muscle
mass. According to expectations, it has been shown that a significant percentage of the variance
in body satisfaction can be explained based on perfectionism and internalization of
sociocultural attitudes towards physical appearance (R
2=0,578).
Given the relatively small number of studies on this topic within the student population, the
results of the research contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between the
examined constructs. The practical contribution of this research refers to the possibility of
applying the obtained results in the design of psychological preventive and/or intervention
programs in working with the student population
Integral Ecology and Climate-neutral EU
No full textRad se bavi temom socijalne ekologije s naglaskom na cjelovitu ekologiju u kontekstu
razvojnih strategija održiva razvoja Europske unije. Kako je Europska komisija 2019. godine
predstavila Europski zeleni plan, čiji je osnovni cilj postizanje klimatske neutralnosti Europe
do 2050. godine, u radu će se kao predmet analize uzeti svi oni alati koji objašnjavaju kako
osigurati pravednu i uključivu tranziciju kao dio cjelovite ekologije. Europski zeleni plan
predstavlja novu strategiju rasta kojom se Europska unija nastoji preobraziti u pravedno i
prosperitetno društvo s modernim, resursno učinkovitim i konkurentnim gospodarstvom u
kojem će 2050. godine biti bitno manje neto emisija stakleničkih plinova. Shodno tome, tema
predstavlja dobru istraživačku podlogu za uočavanje važnosti interdisciplinarnog pristupa
cjelovitoj ekologiji kao dio novog sociološkog promišljanja održiva razvoja. Teorijski okvir
rada sadržavati će novije pristupe socijalne ekologije primjenjujući ih u kontekst europskoga
društva, povezujući tako ekološke i društvene strukture i procese.The paper deals with the topic of social ecology with special accent on integral ecology in the
context of development strategies of sustainable development of the European Union. As the
European Commission presented the European Green Deal in 2019, which it created to
achieve Europe's climate neutrality by 2050, the paper will analyze all those instruments that
explain how to ensure fair and include transition as part of the integral ecology. The European
Green Deal is a new growth strategy that seeks to transform the European Union into a just
and prosperous society with a modern, resource-efficient and competitive economy in which
there will be significantly less net greenhouse gas emissions in 2050. Consequently, the topic
represents a good research basis for noticing the importance of an interdisciplinary approach
to integral ecology as part of a new sociological reflection on sustainable development. The
theoretical framework will contain new approaches to social ecologies, applying them in the
context of European society, thus linking ecological and social structures and processes