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ISSUES AND SAFETY MEASURES DURING THE TRANSPORTATION OF OIL AND GAS
No full textU ovom radu opisana je zakonska regulativa prilikom transporta opasnih tvari,
kao i mjere sigurnosti i zaštite sa stajališta vatrogasca, opisana je i specijalizirana
oprema koja se koristi prilikom rada sa zapaljivim plinovima i tekućinama.
Opisana su i fizikalna svojstva zapaljivih tekućina i plinova kao i postupci u slučaju
nesreće. U ovom radu analizirani su i načini obilježavanja opasnog tereta kao i
specifičnosti svakog pojedinog načina transporta.This paper describes the legal regulations when transporting dangerous
substances, as well as safety and protection measures from the firefighter's point
of view, and describes the specialized equipment used when working with
flammable gases and liquids. The physical properties of flammable liquids and
gases are also described, as well as procedures in the event of an accident. In
this paper, the ways of marking dangerous goods as well as the specifics of each
individual mode of transport are analyzed
MOTIVATION AND SATISFACTION OF VISATORS TO THE SPECIAL RESERVE OF FOREST VEGETATION "LOKRUM ISLAND"
No full textPosebni rezervat šumske vegetacije „Otok Lokrum“ je također zaštićen u okviru ekološke
mreže Natura 2000. Otok Lokrum je često posjećivan, pa tako praćenjem posjećenosti uočljive
su velike brojke posjetitelja te je 2022. godine otok posjetilo čak 205.220 posjetitelja.
Provedeno je anketno istraživanje u razdoblju od 15.06.2022. do 01.08.2022.g. Svrha i cilj
istraživanja bila je istražiti motivaciju posjetitelja za dolazak na otok, zadovoljstvo ponudom i
sadržajima na otoku, ali i spremnost izdvajanja većih novčanih sredstava za ulaznicu s ciljem
zaštite prirodnih i kulturnih vrijednosti otoka Lokruma. Nakon istraživanja vidljivo je kako su
ispitanici iznimno oduševljeni sa otokom, te da su ga spremni ponovno posjetiti što znači da
otok nudi atraktivne sadržaje i toliko očekivani mir kojem su se posjetitelji spremni vratiti.
Posebni rezervat šumske vegetacije „Otok Lokrum“ se zbog svojih iznimno atraktivnih
sadržaja, suočava s problemima masovnog turizma, koji za sobom nosi velike prihode, ali i niz
negativnih utjecaja. Zbog prevelike posjećenosti negativni utjecaji se odražavaju na postojeća
staništa, floru i faunu.The special reserve of forest vegetation "Lokrum Island" is also protected within the Natura
2000 ecological network. Lokrum Island is often visited, so by monitoring the number of
visitors, large numbers of visitors can be seen, and in 2022 the island was visited by as many
as 205,220 visitors. The survey was conducted in the period from June 15, 2022. until August
1, 2022. The purpose and goal of the research was to investigate the motivation of visitors for
coming to the island, their satisfaction with the offer and facilities on the island, but also the
willingness to allocate larger funds for the entrance fee with the aim of protecting the natural
and cultural values of the island of Lokrum. After the research, it is evident that the respondents
are extremely enthusiastic about the island, and that they are ready to visit it again, which means
that the island offers attractive facilities and the long-awaited peace to which visitors are ready
to return. Due to its extremely attractive contents, the special reserve of forest vegetation
"Lokrum Island" faces the problems of mass tourism, which brings with it large revenues, but
also a number of negative impacts. Due to overcrowding, negative impacts are reflected on the
existing habitats, flora and fauna
SPRINKLER SYSTEMS IN EXPLOSIVES STORAGE
No full textZaštita od požara ključan je aspekt osiguravanja dobrobiti i zaštite ljudi, imovine i okoliša
od razornih učinaka požara. Najbolji način suočavanja s požarima je spriječiti da se oni
uopće dogode. To uključuje vođenje računa o potencijalnim opasnostima od požara, kao
što su neispravne električne instalacije, zapaljivi materijali, otvoreni plamen. Kroz ovaj
rad spomenut će se klasifikacija požara, sredstva za gašenje požara, te će se obraditi
sprinkler sustavi. Sprinkler sustavi pružaju brzi odgovor na požare, jer se mogu aktivirati
u trenucima nakon otkrivanja topline. Ova rana intervencija može spriječiti širenje požara
i zadržati ga na području nastanka, te pomažu pri smanjenju proizvodnje dima i otrovnih
plinova, koji uvelike doprinose žrtvama požara. Sprinkler sustavi mogu pomoći u
naporima gašenja požara, te pomaže vatrogascima da se usredotoče na učinkovitije
gašenje požara. Postoje različite vrste sprinklera, kao što su mokri sprinkler sustavi, suhi
sprinkler sustavi i kombinirani sprinkler sustavi.Fire protection is a key aspect of ensuring the well-being and protection of people,
property and the environment from the devastating effects of fire. The best way to deal
with fires is to prevent them from happening in the first place. This includes taking into
account potential fire hazards, such as faulty electrical installations, flammable materials,
open flames. This paper will mention fire classification, fire extinguishing agents, and
sprinkler systems. Sprinkler systems provide a quick response to fires, as they can be
activated moments after heat is detected. This early intervention can prevent the spread
of a fire and contain it in the area of origin, and help reduce the production of smoke and
toxic gases, which greatly contribute to fire casualties. Sprinkler systems can aid in
firefighting efforts, helping firefighters focus on fighting fires more effectively. There are
different types of sprinklers, such as wet sprinkler systems, dry sprinkler systems, and
combination sprinkler systems
THE ROLE OF FIREFIGHTERS AS THE FIRST EYEWITNESSES IN DISCOVERING THE CAUSE OF FIRE AND/OR EXPLOSIONS
No full textOvaj rad obrađuje postupke vatrogasaca na vatrogasnim intervencijama te očuvanje
tragova zatečenih na samom mjestu događaja. U radu su prikazani ukratko pojmovi o
vatrogastvu, ustrojstvu, broju vatrogasnih postrojbi na razini Republike Hrvatske te broj
intervencija u 2022. godini, zatim uzroci i tragovi požara i eksplozija. Posebna
pozornost stavljena je na istražitelje požarnih ili eksplozivnih nepovoljnih učinaka te
vatrogasaca kao prvih očevidaca pri očuvanju tragova i zapažanja tijekom faza gorenja
i gašenja i njihov značaj u razotkrivanju uzroka požara i/ili eksplozija. Na kraju rada
istaknute su i trenutno važeće kaznene odredbe Zakona zaštite od požara.The paper deals with the actions of firefighters during fire interventions and the
preservation of traces found at the scene of the incident. The paper briefly presents
the concepts of firefighting, organization, the number of firefighting units at the level of
the Republic of Croatia, and the number of interventions in 2022, as well as the causes
and traces of fires and explosions. Special attention was paid to investigators of fire or
explosive adverse effects, and firefighters as the first eyewitnesses in preserving traces
and observations during the burning and extinguishing phases and their significance
in revealing the causes of fires and/or explosions. At the end of the paper, the currently
valid criminal provisions of the Fire Protection Act are highlighted
FIRE EXTINGUISHING IN THE OIL INDUSTRY
No full textDa bi lakše razumjeli gašenje požara potrebno je analizirati kako dolazi do gorenja, koje kasnije može prerasti u požar s katastrofalnim posljedicama. Svako gorenje zapravo je primjer oksidacijskog procesa kada se goriva tvar spaja s kisikom iz zraka oksidansom, te dolazi do oslobađanja topline i produkata gorenja. Za gorenje je potrebno da su ispunjena 4 uvjeta, a to su: prisustvo gorive tvari, prisustvo kisika iz zraka, dovoljna količina topline te nesmetano odvijanje lančane reakcije gorenja. Iz svakog takvog gorenja koje postaje nekontrolirano nastaje požar. Njih dijelimo prema: mjestu nastanka, obujmu i veličini, fazama razvoja te prema vrsti gorive stvari. Te podjele su nam važne da bi znali kako prema određenom požaru reagirati . Koliko nam je ljudstva potrebno, koliko vozila i opreme, a u konačnici s kojim sredstvom za gašenje gasiti požar. U naftnoj industriji zaštita od požara je jako važan segment iz razloga što je nafta lako zapaljiva tekućina. U postrojenjima gdje su naftne bušotine, rafinerije i skladišta propisano je puno preventivnih mjera zaštite od požara. Za svako tako postrojenje donose se planovi zaštite od požara u kojima su sadržane i druge protupožarne mjere i postupci kojima bi se smanjila mogućnost nastanka požara, a ako do požara dođe da se što prije može ugasiti. Za gašenje požara u naftnoj industriji upotrebljava se pjena i prah. Pjena je mješavina pjenila, vode i zraka, a na požar djeluje ugušujuće te stvara prekrivač na površini zapaljive tekućine i razdvaja pare tekućine i kisik iz zraka. Prisutan je efekt hlađenja zbog prisustva vode u pjeni. Prahovi za gašenje požara su čestice određenih intertnih i neotrovnih anorganskih soli, koje se pod tlakom izbacuju iz aparata za gašenje u požaru. Prahovi koji se koriste za gašenje zapaljivih tekućina gase samo plamen, gase inhibirajućim učinkom tj. u plamenu prekidaju lančanu reakciju gorenja.In order to understand better fire-fighting it is necessary to analyse the process of combustion, that can later lead to fire with the catastrophic consequences. Each combustion is actually an example of process of oxidation when a combustible substance comes into a contact with oxygen from air which is called oxidant, and temperature and products of combustion are being extricated. In order for the combustion to happen, 4 conditions have to be fulfilled and these are: presence of the combustible substance, presence of the oxygen in the air, sufficient amount of the heat and unhindered developing of chain reaction of combustion. Fire is created from each combustion of that type, that becomes unhingered. We divide them by: place of emergence, volume, size, phases of development and by the type of combustible substance. These divisions are very important to us in order to know how to react to the specific type of fire. How many people we need, how many vehicles, how much equipment, and ultimately what kind of extinguishing media is used for firefighting. In petroleum industry, protection from fire is a very important segment because petroleum is very flammable fluid. In facilities where there are oil wells, refineries and warehouses, a lot of preventive measures for fire are being prescribed. For each of these facilities, protection plans are being adopted in which other fire prevention measures and procuderes are listed in order to decrease the possibility of emergence of fire, and if it comes to fire, that they can put out a fire as soon as possible. Foam and powder are being used in the petroleum industry to put out a fire. The foam is a mixture of foam concentrares, water and air, and it suffocates fire and it creates a sort of cover on the surface of flammable liquid, and it separates steam from the liquid and oxygen from the air. The effect of cooling is present in this situation because of the presence of water in the foam. Powders for fire-fighting are particles of certain inactive and non-toxic inorganic salts, that are being thrown under pressure from fire extinguisher. Powders that are being used for fire-fighting of flammable liquids put out only a flame, and they put out this flame by inhibiting effect, i. e. they stop the chain reaction of combustion in the flame
MODERN SAFETY CONCEPTS TO HELP BLIND AND VISUALLY IMPAIRED
No full textOštećenja vida spadaju u najteže nedostatke, sa remećenjem kretanja pojedinca, njegovih svakodnevnih aktivnosti, reducirajući opću kvalitetu života i mnoge posebne aspekte. Iz tih razloga, slijepim i slabovidnim osobama, dakle, osobama sa različitim stupnjem oštećenja vida, treba posebna njega, tehnička i svaka druga pomoć. Tehnička pomagala osobama sa oštećenim vidom se kreću od dioptrijskih naočala, leća, pa sve do korištenja osobnih asistenta. Međutim, zadatak suvremenih tehnologija je da se ovim osobama pomogne različitim elektroničkim uređajima i digitalnim tehnologijama, na što efikasniji, jeftiniji i pogodniji način. Među najsuvremenija tiflotehnička pomagala spadaju specijalne elektroničke naočale, koje mogu pomoći osobi sa oštećenim vidom pri kretanju, šetnji i ostalim aktivnostima, te elektronički bijeli štapovi koji se primjenjuju u slučajevima potpunog ili najtežih vidova sljepila. Za navigaciju u unutarnjim prostorima se može koristiti kombinacija više bežičnih telekomunikacijskih tehnologija, kao što su NFC, RFID, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth Smart.Eyesight damages are considered as one of the hardest handicaps, with disturbances in movement of the affected individual, and his everyday activities, reducing the overall life quality and many special aspects of it. Due to that, the persons with the eyesight damages (blind people and visually impaired) require special care, and technical and every other help. Technical assistance and means to achieve it span from simple eyeglasses and eyelenses, all the way to the personal assistant. However, the task and mission of the modern technical sciences is to help these people by means of various electronic devices and digital technologies, in the most efficient, affordable and convenient way possible. Among the most contemporary tiphlotechnical assistive instruments, special electronic eyeglasses exist, which can assist the blind and visually impaired person during movement, reading, and other activities, and electronic blind canes which are employed in cases of heavy visual impairment or complete blindness. For navigation in the closed spaces and premises, a combination of several wireless telecommunication technologies can be applied, such as NFC, RFID, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth Smart
FIRE PROTECTION OF FORESTS IN THE AREA OF ŽUTICA FOREST
No full textU ovom radu će biti objašnjen sastav „Čudesne Šume Žutica“, od čega se sastoji i zašto
je crpljenje nafte bitno za čitav razvoj sigurnosti i opskrbe čitave Republike Hrvatske.
Šuma Žutica proizvodi prosječno 1450 barela nafte na dan.
Također ćemo se primiti i teme zaštite od požara u Otpremnoj stanici Žutica te njihove
važnosti za cijelo područje eksploatacijskog polja Žutica i Ivanić Grada.In this paper, the composition of the "Miraculous Forest Žutica" will be explained, what
it consists of, and why oil extraction is important for the overall development of
security and supply of the entire Republic of Croatia.
The Žutica Forest produces an average of 1450 barrels of oil per day.
We will also address the topic of fire protection at the Žutica Dispatch Station and its
importance for the entire Žutica and Ivanić Grad exploitation area
WAYS OF CRUSHING AND PACKING GROUND COFFEE
No full textEkstrakt mljevene kave je jedan od najomiljenijih napitaka diljem svijeta, a njezina priprema, od zrna kave do
gotovog napitka, uključuje niz ključnih tehnoloških operacija. Među ključnim postupcima, usitnjavanje i pakiranje
zauzimaju vodeću ulogu u postizanju željenih karakteristika mljevene kave i kvalitete ekstrakta. Načini
usitnjavanja i pakiranja kave se redovito analiziraju u industrijama u svrhu očuvanja svježine meljave, a time se
usavršila aromu i okus ekstrakta kave. Predmetni rad temelji se na istraživanju problema obrade kave odnosno
analizi različitih načina usitnjavanja i pakiranja mljevene kave te su utvrđene mogućnosti tehnološkog procesa
usitnjavanja, kao i istraženi načini pakiranja u svrhu optimiranja procesa proizvodnje mljevenog kavinog
proizvoda. Rasprava naglašava važnost odabira odgovarajućeg uređaja za usitnjavanje i tehnike usitnjavanja te
pakiranja zbog utjecaja na kvalitetu konačnog proizvoda.Ground coffee extract is one of the most popular beverages around the world, and its preparation, from coffee
beans to the finished beverage, includes a number of key technological operations. Among the key procedures,
grinding and packaging play a leading role in achieving the desired characteristics and quality of coffee drinks.
The methods of crushing and packaging coffee are regularly analyzed in industries in order to preserve the
freshness of the ground, thereby perfecting the aroma and taste of the coffee extract. The work in question is based
on a complete review of the coffee processing problem, i.e. an analysis of different methods of grinding and
packaging of ground coffee, and the possibilities of the technological process of grinding have been determined,
as well as researched methods of packaging in order to optimize the production process of coffee products. The
discussion highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate comminution device and comminution technique
and packaging due to the impact on the quality of the final product
PROTECTION OF WORKERS WHEN USING MACHINES IN THE WOOD INDUSTRY
No full textOvaj rad se bavi temom o sigurnosti u drvnoj industriji. Rad obuhvaća opasnosti koje u drvnoj
industriji, te koje mjere sigurnosti treba poduzeti. Opisane su tehničke mjere sigurnosti pri
radu s tračnom pilom, kružnom pilom, glodalicom, brusilicom, CNC strojevima, te
blanjalicama, ravnalicama i debljačama. Pri radu sa strojevima postoji određena opasnost za
radnika. Zakonom o zaštiti na radu i Pravilnikom o uporabi osobnih zaštitnih sredstava, te
ćemo proći kroz strojeve za obradu drva i opasnosti u drvnoj industriji.This paper deals with the topic of safety in the wood industry. The paper covers the dangers
that exist in the wood industry, and what safety measures should be taken. Technical safety
measures when working with band saws, circular saws, milling machines, grinders, CNC
machines, as well as planers, straighteners and thicknessers are described. There is a certain
danger for workers when working with machines. The Law on Occupational Safety and the
Ordinance on the Use of Personal Protective Equipment, and we will go through wood
processing machines and dangers in the wood industry
DETERMINATION OF PLASTIC STRAIN INFLUENCE ON INTEGRITY OF ALUMINIUM THINWALLED LASER -WELDED CONSTRUCTIONS
No full textU diplomskom radu obrađene su karakteristike tankostjenih konstrukcija
zatvorenog profila u usporedbi s konstrukcijama otvorenog profila. Također su opisane
karakteristike aluminijskih zavarljivih legura u odnosu na konstrukcijske čelike te su
posebno analizirane karakteristike laserskog zavarivanja. Dodatno, prikazan je izračun
plastične deformacije za zatvoreni tankostjeni profil od zavarljive aluminijske legure. U
tom izračunu se promjenjivi parametar odnosi na plastičnu deformaciju, a zatim se
određuje čvrstoća, krutost i stabilnost zavarenog spoja i osnovnog materijala.
U eksperimentalnom dijelu rada provodeno je ispitivanje aluminijske legure na
kidalici kako bi se analizirali dobiveni rezultati. Cilj je procijeniti sigurnost i izdržljivost
materijala pod dinamičkim opterećenjem. Kombinacija opisnih dijelova rada, analiza
karakteristika materijala i provedba eksperimentalnih testiranja na kidalici omogućuju
sveobuhvatan uvid u performanse tankostjenih konstrukcija zatvorenog profila od
zavarljive aluminijske legure te usporedbu s konstrukcijskim čelicima.The master's thesis examines the characteristics of thin-walled closed-profile
structures compared to open-profile structures. It also describes the characteristics of
weldable aluminum alloys in relation to structural steels, with a specific focus on the
characteristics of laser welding. Additionally, the calculation of plastic deformation for a
closed thin-walled profile made of weldable aluminum alloy is presented. In this
calculation, the variable parameter relates to plastic deformation, followed by the
determination of strength, stiffness, and stability of the welded joint and base material.
In the experimental part of the thesis, testing of the aluminum alloy was conducted
on a testing machine to analyze the obtained results. The objective was to assess the
safety and durability of the material under dynamic loading. The combination of
descriptive sections, analysis of material characteristics, and the execution of
experimental tests on the testing machine provides a comprehensive insight into the
performance of thin-walled closed-profile structures made of weldable aluminum alloy, as
well as a comparison with structural steels