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    RESEARCH ON NOISE LEVELS IN THE GERMENT INDUSTRY

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    Rad istražuje problem buke u odjevnoj industriji, naglašavajući kako različiti strojevi proizvode različite razine buke koja može negativno utjecati na zdravlje radnika. Pretjerana izloženost buci povezana je s brojnim zdravstvenim problemima, pa se u radu naglašava važnost zaštite na radu prema postojećim propisima. Opisani su procesi proizvodnje, metode mjerenja buke i fiziološki utjecaj buke na ljudsko uho. Rad također ističe obveze poslodavca u smanjenju i prevenciji buke. U eksperimentalnom dijelu prikazani su rezultati istraživanja koji pokazuju ekvivalentnu razinu buke, najniže vremenski vrednovanu razinu buke i najviše vremenski vrendovanu razinu buke za specijalni i univerzalni šivaći stroj. Pokazano je da na specijalnom šivaćem stroju ekvivalentna razina buke u prvom kanalu prelazi dopuštenu razinu buke od 80 dB(A). Izmjerena je buka od čak 85,6 dB(A) što pokazuje da je prisutna opterećenost bukom za radnike koja nakon duljeg perioda izlaganja i rada na stroju može utjecati na njihovo zdravlje. Ta razina buke izmjerena je samo u prvom kanalu dok u drugom kanalu ne prelazi graničnu vrijednost. Ostale vrijednosti ne prelaze dopuštenu vrijednost od 80 dB(A).The paper examines the issue of noise in the garment industry, highlighting how different machines produce varying levels of noise that can negatively affect workers' health. Excessive noise exposure is linked to numerous health problems, emphasizing the importance of occupational safety measures according to existing regulations. The paper describes the production processes, noise measurement methods, and the physiological impact of noise on the human ear. It also underscores the employer's responsibilities in noise reduction and prevention. The empirical section presents research results showing the equivalent noise level, the lowest time-weighted noise level, and the highest time- weighted noise level for both specialized and universal sewing machines. The results have been shown that on a special sewing machine, the equivalent noise level in the first channel exceeds the permitted noise level of 80 dB(A). A noise of as much as 85.6 dB(A) was measured, which shows that there is a noise burden for workers, which after a long period of exposure and work on the machine can affect their health. This noise level was measured only in the first channel, while in the second channel it does not exceed the limit value. Other values do not exceed the permissible value of 80 dB(A)

    CONSUMATION OF DAIRY PRODUCTS IN CANCER PREVENTION

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    Rak je među vodećim bolestima uzročnicima smrti u svijetu. Smatra se da prehrana ima važnu preventivnu ulogu u razvoju bolesti općenito, a kako je mlijeko među najvažnijim namirnicama uravnotežene prehrane, sve veći broj znanstvenih istraživanja sugerirao je da konzumacija mliječnih proizvoda može imati i zaštitni učinak protiv određenih vrsta raka. Cilj ovoga rada bio je istražiti ulogu mlijeka i mliječnih proizvoda u prevenciji raka, analizirajući pritom već postojeće dokaze, studije i istraživanja. Vodilo se sljedećim. Kalcij, koji se nalazi u velikim količinama u mlijeku, povezuje se sa smanjenjem rizika od raka debelog crijeva, dok vitamin D, koji je često prisutan u obogaćenim mliječnim proizvodima, može igrati ulogu u smanjenju rizika od raka dojke i prostate. S obzirom na to da su istraživanja pokazala različite rezultate, zaključilo se da su potrebna daljnja istraživanja kako bi se bolje razumjeli mehanizmi i potencijalni preventivni i terapeutski učinci pojedinih komponenti.Cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide. It is believed that diet plays an important preventive role in the development of diseases in general, and as milk is one of the most important foods in a balanced diet, an increasing number of scientific studies have suggested that the consumption of dairy products may also have a protective effect against certain types of cancer. The aim of this paper was to investigate the role of milk and dairy products in cancer prevention by analysing existing evidence, studies, and research. The following was considered: Calcium, which is found in large quantities in milk, is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer, while vitamin D, which is often present in fortified dairy products, may play a role in reducing the risk of breast and prostate cancer. Given that research has shown varying results, it was concluded that further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms and potential preventive and therapeutic effects of individual component

    FIRES OF THE ELECTRIC VEHICLES

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    Požari na električnim vozilima predstavljaju (za sada) nedovoljno i pouzdano istraženu tehnologiju pa samim tim su izazov i velika opasnost za vatrogasce, ponajviše zbog pogonskih električnih baterija koje su zahtjevne za gašenje. U teoretskom dijelu završnog rada daju se općenite informacije o električnim vozilima, prikaz najvećih opasnosti za hitne službe (pretežno vatrogasci) koje interveniraju na električnim vozilima, taktički pristupi pri gašenju požara na električnim vozilima, kao i suvremena sredstva za gašenje koja se mogu koristiti pri ovakvim intervencijama. Praktični dio završnog rada analizira intervenciju požara na električnom vozilu koji se dogodio 25.08.2017. godine, u okrugu Orange, Kalifornija, u SAD-u. Ovakve vrste intervencija pokazale su se izazovnima i opasnim za vatrogasce, a analiza pokazuje potrebnu snalažljivost te opasnosti i nedostatke u znanju i iskustvu koji se javljaju pri gašenju požara na električnim vozilima. Važno je definirati i standardizirati postupke aktivnosti u takvim situacijama kako bi se povećala sigurnost vatrogasaca kao i drugih hitnih službi koje interveniraju na električnim vozilima.Fires in electric vehicles pose a challenge and significant danger for firefighters, primarily due to the complex nature of extinguishing electric batteries. In the theoretical part of this paper, general information about electric vehicles will be presented, tactical approaches to extinguishing fires in electric vehicles, modern firefighting equipment, and the hazards faced by firefighters during such interventions. The practical part of the seminar will analyze a fire intervention in an electric vehicle that occurred on August 25th 2018, in Orange County, California, USA. These types of interventions have proven to be challenging and hazardous for firefighters, and the analysis will highlight resourcefulness, risks, and shortcomings encountered during firefighting in electric vehicles. It is crucial to define and standardize procedures in such situations to ensure firefighter safety

    EQUIPMENT AND DEVICE FOR FIRE DETECTION, REPORTIN AND EXTINGUISHING

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    Tema ovog rade je oprema i uređaji za otkrivanje, dojavu i gašenje požara, te njena primjena u zaštiti od požara ljudi i imovine. Oprema i uređaji za otkrivanje, dojavu i gašenje požara je vrlo bitan čimbenik u zaštiti od požara, pogotovo u početnoj fazi požara gdje se brzim reagiranjem sprječava velika materijalna šteta na imovini. Također bitna je stalna provjera ispravnosti i redovite kontrole opreme i uređaja za otkrivanje, dojavu i gašenje požara, te redovita obuka ljudi. Pridržavanje zakonskih propisa koji reguliraju ugradnju, projektiranje i samu izgradnju sustava za otkrivanje, dojavu i gašenje požara uvelike doprinosi da sustav funkcionira u najboljoj mjeri ukoliko dođe do nesretnog slučaja.The topic of this work is equipment and devices for detecting, reporting and extinguishing fires, and their application in fire protection of people and property. Equipment and devices for detecting, reporting and extinguishing fires is a very important factor in fire protection, especially in the initial phase of a fire, where rapid reaction prevents major material damage to property. It is also important to constantly check the correctness and regular control of equipment and devices for detecting, reporting and extinguishing fires, as well as regular training of people. Adherence to the legal regulations that regulate the installation, design and construction of the fire detection, notification and extinguishing system greatly contributes to the system functioning to the best extent if an accident occurs

    MOGUĆI PREVENCIJSKI PROPUSTI NAČINA NASTANKA I UZROKA POŽARA LITIJ-IONSKIH BATERIJA - KOREKTIVNE MJERE I POVEĆANJE SIGURNOSTI

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    U ovom radu cilj je prikazati mjere zaštite na radu i opasnosti od požara u radu s litij- ionskim baterijama, kako osmisliti plan požarnih jedinica, spriječiti daljnje širenje, osigurati ljude i ostale prostorije. Na temelju stvarnih događaja, požara u testnom centru baterija doneseni su zaključci kako provesti pravilnu zaštitu od požara. Baterije su danas jedan od najkompleksnijih sustava u modernoj tehnologiji. Iste su omogućile izradu mnogih modernih elektroničkih proizvoda (električni romobili, električne automobile, itd.). Nedostatak istraživanja o opasnosti od požara i mjerama zaštite od požara na testiranju baterija (litij-ionskih baterija) koje se brzo razvijaju proteklih godina, bit će prikazani u ovome radu.The aim of this thesis is to show the safety measures at work and the risk of fire in lithium-ion batteries, how to design a plan for fire units, prevent further spread and secure people and other premises. Based on real events, fires in the battery test center, conclusions were drawn on how to implement proper fire protection. Today, batteries are one of the most complex systems in modern technology. Recently, batteries have made production of modern electronic systems possible (electric scooters, electric cars, etc.). The lack of research on the risk of fire and fire protection measures in the testing of batteries (lithium-ion batteries), which have developed rapidly in recent years, will be presented in this paper

    CONTROLLING THE MOVEMENT OF A SMALL REMONTE-CONTROLLED CAR WITH HAND GESTURES

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    Maleni automobil na upravljanje ručnim gestama je inovativna vrsta igračke (dimenzija 255 x 160 x 110 mm i mase 385 g) koja omogućuje korisniku upravljanje pomoću gesta ruku. Korištenjem senzora, Arduino Nano mikroupravljača i tehnologije prepoznavanja gesta, maleni automobil može reagirati na pokrete ruku korisnika. Geste ruku omogućavaju usmjeravanje malenog automobila u željenom smjeru: naprijed, unatrag, lijevo ili desno. Korisnici mogu uživati u potpuno novom iskustvu igre, budući da geste omogućuju intuitivnije upravljanje. Nema potrebe za tradicionalnim upravljačem ili daljinskim upravljačem, što znači praktičnost i jednostavnost korištenja. Potiče na kreativnost i razvijanje motoričkih vještina, a i igra postaje dinamičnija. Osim zabavnog aspekta, maleni automobil može imati i edukativnu vrijednost. Kroz interakciju s igračkom, korisnici mogu naučiti o osnovama tehnologije, senzora i prepoznavanja pokreta. Sveukupno, ova inovativna naprava spaja zabavu, edukaciju i tehnologiju na jedinstven način, čineći je privlačnom opcijom za djecu i roditelje koji traže napredne i interaktivne igračke.The hand gesture-controlled car is an innovative type of toy that allows the user to control it using hand gestures. By utilizing sensors, Arduino Nano microcontroller and gesture recognition technology, the car can respond to the user's hand movements, enabling it to move forward, backward, left or right. Users can enjoy a completely new gaming experience as gestures allow for more intuitive control. There's no need for traditional controller or remote, which means convenience and ease of use. It encourages creativity and the development of motor skills, making the game more dynamic. In addition to the fun aspect, the car can also have educational value. Through interaction with the toy, users can learn about the basics of technology, sensors and motion recognition. Overall, this innovative device combines entertainment, education, and technology in a unique way, making it an attractive option for children and parents looking for advanced and interactive toys

    FABRICATION OF THE FRONT PART OF THE WATERPROOF CASING FOR THE ELECTRIC MOTOR

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    Tema završnog rada je primjena kompozitnih materijala u izradi prednjeg dijela kućišta za elektromotor. Cijelo kućište mora bit vodonepropusno. Elektromotor se nalazi u vodi, pa kućište mora bit hidro dinamičnog oblika kako bi imalo što manji otpor. Kućište je konstruirano u programu za 3D konstruiranje te izrađeno principom koji će biti opisan dalje u radu. Rad opisuje tehniku, metode, materijale koji se koriste u praktičnom dijelu. Rad uključuje ispis modela kućišta na 3D printeru, izradu kalupa, te izradu funkcionalnog dijela iz kalupa.The subject of the final paper is the application of composite materials in the production of the front part of the housing for the electric motor. The entire housing must be waterproof. The electric motor is located in the water, so the housing must be hydrodynamic in order to have as little resistance as possible. The housing was designed in a 3D design program and made according to the principle that will be described later in the paper. The paper describes the technique, methods, materials used in the practical part. The work includes printing the case model on a 3D printer, making a mold, and making a functional part from the mold

    FIRE CHARACTERISTICS OF CELLULOSIC MATERIALS AND INVESTIVE SIGNS

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    Ovim radom obuhvaćen je ustroj vatrogasnog sustava u Republici Hrvatskoj sa Hrvatskom vatrogasnom zajednicom kao nositeljem svih vatrogasnih aktivnosti vatrogasnog sustava, te Glavnim vatrogasnim zapovjednikom kao prvom i odgovornom osobom sustava za provođenje svih radnji na provođenju zaštite od požara. Vatrogasne organizacije (javne vatrogasne postrojbe, dobrovoljna vatrogasna društva te postrojbe u gospodarstvu) temelj su tog sustava. Vatrogasna intervencija vrhunac je vatrogasne djelatnosti u kojoj se prikazuje spremnost ne samo sustava, već i osposobljenost pojedinca u izvršavanju zadaća u gašenju požara i spašavanju. Požar, njegove karakteristike, te podjela požarnih značajki (mjesto, obujam, faze razvoja i vrsti gorivih tvari) opisuje operativne izazove vatrogasaca u intervencijama gašenja požara. Iz navedenog je bitno da vatrogasac bude obučen i osposobljen ne samo za gašenje požara, već i za prepoznavanje uzroka nastanka istog te očuvanja tragova na požarištu, a sve u svrhu kvalitetnijeg i uspješnijeg utvrđivanja uzroka nastanka požara.This work covers the organization of the firefighting system in the Republic of Croatia with the Croatian Firefighting Association as the holder of all firefighting activities of the firefighting system, and the Chief Firefighter Commander as the first and responsible person of the system for the implementation of all actions to implement fire protection. Fire organizations (public fire brigades, voluntary fire brigades and units in the economy) are the basis of this system. Firefighting intervention is the pinnacle of firefighting activity, in which the readiness of not only the system, but also the training of the individual in carrying out tasks in firefighting and rescue is demonstrated. The fire, its characteristics, and the division of fire features (place, volume, stages of development and type of combustible substances) describes the operational challenges of firefighters in fire extinguishing interventions. From the above, it is important that the firefighter is trained and qualified not only for extinguishing fires, but also for identifying the cause of the fire and preserving the traces at the fire scene, all for the purpose of better and more successful determination of the cause of the fire

    SAFETY AT WORK FOR CNC MACHINE OPERATORS

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    U uvodu ovog rada naveden je kronološki razvoj CNC strojeva, ističući ključna otkrića koja su oblikovala njihovu evoluciju. U podjeli i karakteristikama CNC strojeva, posebno pažnja je posvećena konvencionalnim strojevima. Nadalje, kroz analizu osnovne konstrukcije, upravljanja i održavanja CNC strojeva, dobit ćemo dublji uvid u radno okruženje CNC operatera. Prikupljajući podatke i analizirajući radno okruženje, identificirane su potencijalne opasnosti, štetnosti i napori s kojima se susreću na radnom mjestu. Razmotreni su planovi i strategije za uklanjanje ili smanjenje tih rizika, kako bismo poboljšali sigurnost i produktivnost. U eksperimentalnom dijelu istraživanja provedeno je mjerenje razine buke kod strojeva otvorenog i zatvorenog tipa. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata, izvršena je usporedba razine buke te su predložene konkretne mjere za smanjenje iste. Ovaj rad ima za cilj pružiti relevantne informacije i smjernice za poboljšanje radnog okruženja CNC operatera, s naglaskom na očuvanje zdravlja i dobrobiti radnikaIn the introduction of this final paper, the chronological development of CNC machines is outlined, highlighting key discoveries that have shaped their evolution. In the classification and characteristics of CNC machines, particular attention is given to conventional machines. Furthermore, through the analysis of basic construction, operation, and maintenance of CNC machines, we aim to gain a deeper understanding of the working environment of CNC operators. By collecting data and analyzing the work environment, potential hazards, harmful effects, and challenges encountered in the workplace are identified. Plans and strategies are discussed for eliminating or reducing these risks to improve safety and productivity. In the experimental part of the research, noise levels are measured for both open and closed types of machines. Based on the obtained results, a comparison of noise levels is conducted, and specific measures for noise reduction are proposed. This part of the research aims to provide relevant information and guidelines for improving the working environment of CNC operators, with a focus on preserving their health and well- being

    DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A PROTOTYPE OF A SELF-UNLOADING CONTAINER FOR REMOVAL OF METAL WASTE FROM THE PLANT

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    U ovom radu opisano je projektiranje i konstruiranje prototipa samoistovarnog kontejnera za industrijske pogone uz zadane početne uvjete, koji se temelje na potrebama jedne metaloprerađivačke firme. Potrebno je bilo konstruirati funkcionalan kontejner koji će se izraditi u firmi uz minimalne troškove proizvodnje. U prvom dijelu rada opisane su postojeće konstrukcije kontejnera dostupnih na tržištu. Prikazano je više rješenja koja su međusobno uspoređena i odabrano je ono optimalno. Na odabir je utjecalo više čimbenika: obveza korištenja čeonog viličara (unutarnji razmak vilica 0,9m i vanjski razmak vilica 1,18m) za prijevoz kontejnera, cijena i jednostavnost izrade, funkcionalnost, brzina istovara kontejnera i sigurnost radnika. Izraditi će se računalni model optimalnog rješenja te opisati istovarni mehanizam. Također će se provjeriti stabilnost kontejnera sa istovarnim mehanizmom na predmetnom viličaru. Provjera čvrstoće glavne osovine istovarnog mehanizma primjenom metode konačnih elemenata (FEM) obraditi će se u drugom, eksperimentalnom dijelu.This paper describes the design and construction of a self-unloading container prototype for industrial plants with given initial conditions, which are based on the needs of a metal processing company. It was necessary to construct a functional container that will be manufactured in the company with minimal production costs. In the first part of the paper, the existing constructions of containers available on the market are described. Several solutions were presented and compared and the optimal ones were selected. The selection was influenced by several factors: the obligation to use a front-end forklift (inner fork spacing 0.9m and outer fork spacing 1.18m) for container transport, price and ease of manufacture, functionality, container unloading speed and worker safety. A computer model of the optimal solution will be created and the unloading mechanism will be described. The stability of the container with the unloading mechanism on the forklift in question will also be checked. Checking the strength of the main shaft of the unloading mechanism using the finite element method (FEM) will be processed in the second, experimental part

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