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Differences in motor achievement between girls and boys in the older age group
No full textMotorička postignuća predstavljaju spregu motoričkih znanja i motoričkih
sposobnosti. Izražavaju se kroz djetetovu sposobnost optimalnog korištenja vlastitih
motoričkih potencijala zbog postizanja što boljeg rezultata. Kroz razne se zadatke i
osmišljene testove provode mjerenja koja su namijenjena djeci predškolske dobi
kako bi se utvrdila razina motoričkih sposobnosti i postignuća te da bi, shodno tome,
dijete razvijalo motoriku na smislen i pravilan način. Motoriku, kao sposobnost
korištenja svog tijela u prostoru, važno je svakodnevno na zanimljiv i svrhovit način
poticati raznim motoričkim sadržajima koji zahtijevaju pokret i kretnju djeteta. Cilj
ovog rada bio je utvrditi postoje li razlike u motoričkim postignućima između
djevojčica i dječaka starije dobne skupine. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od
130 djece Dječjeg vrtića Duga u Umagu, a mjereno je kroz bateriju Childfit testova
(Petrić, 2019). Rezultati univarijatne analize varijance su pokazali kako postoje
statistički značajne razlike u motoričkim postignućima između djevojčica i dječaka.
Dječaci su sveukupno imali bolje rezultate nego djevojčice, dok se kod uspoređivanja
rezultata po dobi (od pet do sedam godina) ta uspješnost nešto smanjila te su i
djevojčice u nekoliko domena pokazale bolji rezultat. Može se smatrati kako postoji
mogućnost da biološki i socijalni čimbenici imaju zajedničku ulogu pri stvaranju
razlika u motoričkim postignućima između djevojčica i dječaka predškolskog uzrasta.Motor achievements represent a combination of motor knowledge and motor
skills. They are expressed through the child's ability to optimally use their own motor
potential in order to achieve the best possible results. Measurements are carried out
through various tasks and designed tests that are intended for preschool children in
order to determine the level of motor skills and achievements and, accordingly, so
that the child develops motor skills in a meaningful and correct way. Motor skills, as
the ability to use one's own body in space, are important to encourage on a daily
basis in an interesting and purposeful way with various motor activities that require
the child's movement and movement. The aim of this study was to determine whether
there are differences in motor achievements between girls and boys of the older age
group. The research was conducted on a sample of 130 children from the Duga
Kindergarten in Umag, and was measured through a battery of Childfit tests (Petrić,
2019). The results of the univariate analysis of variance showed that there are
statistically significant differences in motor achievements between girls and boys.
Boys had better results overall than girls, while when comparing results by age (from
five to seven years) this success rate decreased somewhat and girls also showed
better results in several domains. It can be considered that there is a possibility that
biological and social factors play a joint role in creating differences in motor
achievements between girls and boys of preschool age
Using artificial intelligence tools in fraud detection
No full textOvaj diplomski rad detaljno istražuje integraciju naprednih alata umjetne inteligencije u sustave detekcije računovodstvenih prijevara, stvarajući sinergiju između suvremenih teorijskih okvira i praktičnih analitičkih rješenja. Primjenom sofisticiranih metoda kao što su algoritamsko prepoznavanje obrazaca, obrada prirodnog jezika, rudarenje podataka, robotska automatizacija te prediktivna analitika, prezentirana je mogućnost višedimenzionalne optimizacije forenzičnih pristupa. Kompleksna analiza, poduprta empirijskim ispitivanjima i detaljnom evaluacijom operativnih strategija, ukazuje kako integracija umjetne inteligencije predstavlja katalizator za transformaciju tradicionalnih kontrolnih sustava. Rezultati istraživanja sugeriraju da primjena inteligentnih sustava doprinosi značajnom povećanju transparentnosti i pouzdanosti financijskih izvješća, te pruža temelje za daljnje unapređenje sigurnosnih protokola u suvremenom forenzičnom računovodstvu.This thesis thoroughly investigates the integration of advanced artificial intelligence tools into systems for detecting financial fraud, creating a synergy between contemporary theoretical frameworks and practical analytical solutions. By employing sophisticated methods such as algorithmic pattern recognition, natural language processing, data mining, robotic process automation, and predictive analytics, it demonstrates the potential for multidimensional optimization of forensic approaches. The comprehensive analysis, supported by empirical studies and a detUIled evaluation of operational strategies, indicates that the integration of artificial intelligence serves as a catalyst for transforming traditional control systems. The research findings suggest that the application of intelligent systems significantly enhances the transparency and reliability of financial reporting, thereby laying the foundation for further improvements in security protocols within modern forensic accounting
Exploring teacher burnout in the context of teaching English as a second foreign language
No full textStres i sagorijevanje postali su sve češći u emocionalno i mentalno zahtjevnim zanimanjima, posebno u nastavi. Sagorijevanje je psihološki sindrom koji se razvija kao reakcija na kronični stres na poslu. Ovaj rad istražuje sagorijevanje među nastavnicima engleskog jezika u Hrvatskoj. Važni čimbenici, poput opterećenja poslom, radnog okruženja, emocionalne osviještenosti, mehanizama suočavanja, učinkovitosti i zadovoljstva poslom, koriste se za analizu sagorijevanja. Ovo istraživanje se temelji na anketi provedenoj među nastavnicima u osnovnim i srednjim školama te na sveučilištima. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je važno imati dostupne resurse za emocionalnu regulaciju i institucijsku podršku kako bi se zaštitilo fizičko i mentalno zdravlje nastavnika.Stress and burnout have become more common in emotionally and mentally demanding careers, especially in teaching. Burnout is a psychological syndrome that develops as a reaction to chronic job stress and is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. This thesis explores burnout among English language teachers in Croatia. Important factors, such as workload, work environment, emotional awareness, coping mechanisms, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction are used to analyze burnout. The study is based on a survey completed by teachers working in primary and secondary schools, and at universities. The results pointed out the importance of accessible resources for emotional regulation and institutional support required to protect the physical and mental well-being of teachers.Lo stress e il burnout sono diventati sempre più frequenti nelle professioni che sono emotivamente e mentalmente impegnative, soprattutto nell’insegnamento. Il burnout è una sindrome psicologica che si sviluppa come reazione allo stress cronico sul lavoro ed è caratterizzata da esaurimento emotivo, depersonalizzazione e realizzazione personale ridotta. Questa tesi di laurea analizza il fenomeno del burnout tra gli insegnanti di lingua inglese in Croazia. Per analizzare il burnout sono stati considerati fattori importanti quali il carico di lavoro, l’ambiente lavorativo, la consapevolezza emotiva, le strategie di coping, l’efficacia e la soddisfazione lavorativa. Questa ricerca si basa su un questionario compilato dagli insegnanti che lavorano nelle scuole primarie, secondarie e alle università. I risultati della ricerca hanno dimostrato l’importanza dell'avere risorse accessibili per la regolazione emotiva e un supporto istituzionale per la protezione della salute fisica e mentale degli insegnanti
Seasonal gonadosomatic index of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus from the south of Istria
No full textJežinac Paracentrotus lividus važna je vrsta u priobalnim morskim ekosustavima, poznata po svojoj ulozi u kontroli obraštaja algi koje mogu ugroziti bioraznolikost. Osim gastronomske i gospodarske vrijednosti, ova vrsta služi i kao vrijedan bioindikator stanja okoliša. Cilj ovog rada bio je pratiti sezonske dinamike gonadosomatskog indeksa (GSI) i uspješnost razvoja larvi ježinca Paracentrotus lividus s dvije lokacije u Južnoj Istri: Lungomare (Pula) i Palera (Ližnjan). Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom jednogodišnjeg razdoblja koje je obuhvaćalo sva četiri godišnja doba. Opisane su biološke i ekološke karakteristike vrste, važnost gonadosomatskog indeksa (GSI) te metodologija prikupljanja i analize uzoraka. Utvrđeni su izraženi sezonski obrasci reproduktivne aktivnosti, s najvišim vrijednostima GSI u proljeće na obje postaje te dodatnim visokim vrijednostima zimi na postaji Palera. Uspješnost oplodnje i kvaliteta larvalnog razvoja pokazale su prostorne i vremenske razlike koje su osobito vidljive zimi, kada su na postaji Lungomare zabilježene niže stope oplodnje i veći udio razvojno zaostalih larvi. Tijekom ostatka godine rezultati su na obje postaje uglavnom bili stabilni i pokazivali visok reproduktivni potencijal. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na važnost lokalnih ekoloških uvjeta u oblikovanju reproduktivnih obrazaca ove vrste te predstavlja korisnu osnovu za daljnje istraživanje i održivo upravljanje populacijama ježinaca u priobalnim ekosustavima Jadrana.The sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus is an important species in coastal marine ecosystems, known for its role in controlling algal overgrowth that can threaten biodiversity. In addition to its gastronomic and economic value, this species also serves as a valuable bioindicator of environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to monitor the seasonal dynamics of the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and the success of larval development of Paracentrotus lividus at two locations in southern Istria: Lungomare (Pula) and Palera (Ližnjan). The research was conducted over the course of one year, covering all four seasons. The biological and ecological characteristics of the species were described, as well as the significance of the GSI and the methodology of sample collection and analysis. Pronounced seasonal patterns of reproductive activity were observed, with the highest GSI values recorded in spring at both sites, and additionally in winter at the Palera site. Fertilization success and larval development quality showed spatial and temporal variation, particularly in winter, when the Lungomare site exhibited lower fertilization rates and a higher proportion of developmentally delayed larvae. For the remainder of the year, results at both locations were generally stable and indicated a high reproductive potential. These findings highlight the importance of local environmental conditions in shaping the reproductive patterns of this species and provide a useful basis for further research and sustainable management of sea urchin populations in Adriatic coastal ecosystems
Data protection in virtual environment
No full textSigurnost i zaštita podataka ključni su izazovi u virtualnom svijetu današnjice. Posebice u kontekstu rastuće prisutnosti korisnika. Uz brojne prednosti kao takvo, virtualno okruženje donosi i svakakve oblike prijetnji poput krađe osobnih podataka, identiteta i mnogih drugih. Poseban izazov predstavlja zaštita djece koja su jedna od najranjivijih skupina na internetu. Sama budućnost i sve što ona nosi znatno će ovisiti o tehnološkom napretku i razvitku zaštite podataka. Sigurnost na internetu postaje sve složenija, no budući razvoj sigurnosnih mehanizma i edukacija korisnika itekako mogu pridonijeti stvaranju sigurnijeg virtualnog okruženja za sve korisnike.Security and data protection are key challenges in today's virtual world, especially in the context of the growing presence of users. Despite numerous advantages, the virtual environment also brings various threats, such as identity theft, personal data theft, and many others. A particular problem is the protection of children, who are one of the most vulnerable groups on the Internet. The future, and everything it holds, will largely depend on technological progress and the development of data protection. Internet security is becoming increasingly complex, but the future development of security mechanisms and stronger user education can contribute to creating a safer virtual environment for all users
Games and activities children of nursery age
No full textOd samog početka odgojno-obrazovnog rada naglasak je na osamostaljivanju djece u svim aspektima života. Odgojitelji prate razvojne osobine djece te prema tome pripremaju igre i aktivnosti prilagođene karakteristikama, dobi i željama djece. Kod djece je iznimno bitno baratanje različitim predmetima te stjecanje iskustva zbog razvoja motorike te njihovih kognitivnih sposobnosti. Igra je stara koliko i društvo, starija i od prvih obrazovnih ustanova. Kroz igru se dijete razvija i povezuje različita iskustva; motorička, jezično-komunikacijska, spoznajno-istraživačka, socio-emocionalna i umjetnička. Igra je sastavnica kurikuluma koja se shvaća kao daktičko-metodička koncepcija odgoja i obrazovanja, a kvalitetan kurikulum ranog i predškolskog odgoja temelji se na igri kao djetetovoj temeljnoj djelatnosti. Igru podržava roditelj i odgojitelj, a potiče i vodi dijete te je ono sastavnica razvojno-primjerne prakse. Aktivnosti u odgojno-obrazovnoj ustanovi su temelj u razvoju djeteta. Aktivnosti prvenstveno potiču djecu na samostalnost, na brigu o sebi i drugome, na brigu o prostoru, na svijest o okolini, potiču ih na istraživanje, stvaranje, kretanje, izražavanje i sve ono što djetetu treba kako bi se ono pravilno razvijalo. Vrste aktivnosti su podijeljene s obzirom na razvojne zadatke te po razvojnim područjima. Govoreći o važnosti igre i djetetovog razvoja povezanog s njom, ističe se kako je igra esencijalni dio svakodnevnog djetetova života i od vitalne je važnosti za razvoj djeteta. Kroz igru dijete istražuje svijet i razvija praktične vještine. Ona je ključna za tjelesni, emocionalni i duhovni razvoj; za spoznajni razvoj, kao i za usvajanje vještina socijalnog ophođenja i ponašanja. Isto tako, Važan faktor kvalitetnog odgojno-obrazovnog procesa jest interakcija sudionika procesa; roditelja, djece i same predškolske ustanove. Sudionici su odgovorni za određivanje kvalitete socijalnog okruženja predškolske ustanove, stoga je bitno da odnosi sudionika odgojno-obrazovnog procesa budu partnerski i podupirući. Prostorno i materijalno okruženje u odnosu na razvojne potrebe djeteta izrazito su bitne stavke dječjih vrtića, a ponajprije jaslica, a pojmovi koji najbliže opisuju kako treba razvijati fizičko okruženje u jaslicama, a koje istodobno podupire njihovo odrastanje i pomaže u svladavanju prijelaza iz svijeta malih beba u svijet predškolaraca jesu: a) jednostavnost, b) odvajanje, c) mekoća, d) osjetilnost, e) poticajnost, f) stabilnost, g) sigurnost, h) higijena.From the very beginning of the educational work, the focus is on the independence of children in all aspects of life. Educators monitor the developmental characteristics of children and, based on this, prepare games and activities tailored to the characteristics, age, and desires of the children. It is extremely important for children to handle different objects and gain experience for the development of motor skills and cognitive abilities. Play is as old as society itself, even older than the first educational institutions. Through play, a child develops and connects various experiences: motor, language-communication, cognitive-exploratory, socio-emotional, and artistic. Play is an integral part of the curriculum and is understood as a didactic-methodical concept of upbringing and education, and a high-quality early and preschool education curriculum is based on play as the child's fundamental activity. Play is supported by both parents and educators, who encourage and guide the child, making it a part of developmental-practice. Activities in educational institutions form the foundation of a child's development. They primarily encourage children towards independence, self-care, care for others, care for the environment, environmental awareness, exploration, creation, movement, expression, and everything else the child needs for proper development. Activity types are categorized based on developmental tasks and areas. Speaking about the importance of play and the child's development connected to it, it is emphasized that play is an essential part of the child’s everyday life and vital for their development. Through play, a child explores the world and develops practical skills. It is key to physical, emotional, and spiritual development; cognitive development; and the acquisition of social skills and behaviors. Also, an important factor in the quality of the educational process is the interaction between the participants: parents, children, and the preschool institution itself. The participants are responsible for determining the quality of the social environment of the preschool institution, so it is important that the relationships between the participants in the educational process are partnership-based and supportive. The spatial and material environment, in relation to the developmental needs of the child, is a crucial aspect of preschools, especially daycare centers. The concepts that best describe how to develop the physical environment in daycare centers, which simultaneously supports their growth and helps them transition from the world of infants to the world of preschoolers, are: a) simplicity, b) separation, c) softness, d) sensory stimulation, e) encouragement, f) stability, g) safety, h) hygiene
The art of dry-stone walling
No full textUmijeće suhozidne gradnje predstavlja jedinstveni i dragocjeni primjer nematerijalne kulturne baštine. Ova tehnika tradicijskog graditeljstva, u kojoj se kao materijal koristi isključivo kamen, nije samo jedan oblik arhitekture već i nematerijalno dobro izraženo kroz puno povijesnih, kulturnih i društvenih značenja. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je analizirati umijeće suhozidne gradnje kao nematerijalno dobro, ispitujući njegovu kulturnu vrijednost, tehnike gradnje, tradicionalne prakse i aktualne izazove za njegovu zaštitu. Kroz rad je prikazan povijesni pregled suhozidne gradnje, od njezinih početaka u drevnim civilizacijama do njezinog širenja u novije doba. Istraženi su različiti stilovi i tehnike usvojene u različitim kulturama, na temelju suhozida i tradicionalnih građevina. Komparativnom analizom ukazalo se na sličnosti i razlike u graditeljskim praksama te njihovo kulturno značenje. UNESCO kao krovna organizacija, ali i mnoge druge zemlje, priznali su i zaštitili umijeće suhozidne gradnje kao vrijedan oblik nematerijalne kulturne baštine, naglašavajući njezinu važnost ne samo kao tehniku gradnje, već i kao izraz lokalne kulture i identiteta. U tom kontekstu suhozidna gradnja nije samo način gradnje, već postaje simbol održivosti i prilagodbe izazovima okoliša. Danas se može kazati da suhozidna gradnja na neki način doživljava svoju renesansu, zahvaljujući rastućem interesu za održivom arhitekturom i ekološko prihvatljivim tehnikama. Ovaj oblik gradnje je ekološki prihvatljiv jer koristi lokalne materijale i zahtijeva malo ili nimalo energije za gradnju. Osim toga, suhozidne konstrukcije često su otpornije na ekstremne vremenske prilike kao što su poplave i potresi, od tradicionalne gradnje. Zaključno, suhozidna gradnja predstavlja tehniku gradnje bogate povijesti i kulturnog značaja. Kroz stoljeća i različite civilizacije pokazala je ljudsku sposobnost prilagodbe i interakcije s okolišem. Danas, dok se suočavamo s izazovima klimatskih promjena i održivosti, bitno je ponovno otkriti i unaprijediti ove tradicionalne prakse koje nam nude inovativna i ekološki prihvatljiva rješenja. Suhozidna gradnja nije samo nasljeđe prošlosti, već i prilika za izgradnju održive budućnosti.The art of dry stone walling represents a unique and valuable example of intangible cultural heritage. This traditional building technique, in which stone is used exclusively as the material, is not just a form of architecture but also an intangible asset expressed through a wealth of historical, cultural, and social meanings. The aim of this thesis was to analyze the art of dry stone walling as intangible heritage by examining its cultural value, construction techniques, traditional practices, and current challenges for its protection. The paper provides a historical overview of dry stone walling, from its beginnings in ancient civilizations to its expansion in modern times. Various styles and techniques adopted in different cultures based on dry stone walls and traditional buildings have been explored. A comparative analysis higlighted similarities and differences in construction as a valuable form of intagible cultural heritage, emphasizing its importance not only as a building technique but also as an expression of local culture and identity. UNESCO, as the leading organization, along with many other countries, has recognized and protected the art of dry stone walling as a valuable form of intangible cultural heritage, emphasizing its importance not only as a building technique but also as an expression of local culture and identity. In this context, dry stone walling is not just a method of building but becomes a symbol of sustainability and adaptation to environmental challenges. Today, it can be said that dry stone walling is experiencing a sort of renaissance, thanks to the growing interest in sustainable architecture and environmentally friendly techniques. This form of walling is ecologically friendly because it uses local materials and requires little or no energy for walling. Additionally, dry stone structures are often more resistant to extreme weather conditions than traditional buildings. In conclusion, dry stone walling represents a building technique rich in history and cultural significance. Throughout centuries and different civilizations, it has demonstrated human adaptability and interaction with the environment. Today, as we face the challenges of climate change and sustainability, it is essential to rediscover and enhance these traditional practices, which offer innovative and environmentally friendly solutions. Dry stone walling is not just a heritage of the past, but also an opportunity for building a sustainable future
The influence of family communication on children's development
No full textCilj ovog rada bio je ispitati roditelje učenika razredne nastave o obiteljskim
odnosima i komunikaciji te utvrditi utječe li komunikacija, i u kojoj mjeri, na razvoj
djeteta. U radu je objašnjena komunikacija i njezine komponente te podjela na
verbalnu i neverbalnu komunikaciju. Također je opisano dijete i stilovi privrženosti:
sigurna privrženost, izbjegavajuća privrženost, opiruća ili anksiozna privrženost i
dezorganizirano-dezorijentirana privrženost. Nadalje, opisana je obitelj, obiteljska
komunikacija te roditeljski odgojni stilovi: autoritativni, autoritarni, permisivni i
indiferentni stil odgoja. Obrađene su i roditeljska uloga, obiteljska klima te
socioemocionalne kompetencije. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da većina roditelja
smatra kako je komunikacija s djetetom vrlo važna, što pozitivno utječe na njegov
razvoj u skladu s dobi. Zaključno, komunikacija u obitelji ima značajan utjecaj na
razvoj djeteta.The aim of this paper was to investigate and survey parents of primary school
students about family relationships and communication, as well as to determine
whether and to what extent communication affects a child's development. This paper
explains communication and its components, as well as its division into verbal and
nonverbal communication. It also describes the child and attachment styles: secure
attachment, avoidant attachment, resistant attachment, and disorganized-disoriented
attachment. Furthermore, the paper discusses the family, family communication, and
parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and indifferent parenting
styles. It also covers parental roles, family climate, and socioemotional
competencies. The research results showed that most parents believe
communication with their child is very important, which positively influences the
child's development in accordance with their age. In conclusion, family
communication has a significant impact on child development
EdUcators in the Classroom
No full textWhat are the values that we as Europeans hold in common? And how can we highlight and ingrain those values in educational practices by design in order to safekeep the complex and delicate knitting of our European society for the years to come? Research monograph “EdUcators in the Classroom” is interdisciplinary in nature, as it gathers contributions on the broader topic of European values. Similar to project “HEVET” on which it is founded, the monograph draws from theoretical concepts of philosophy of education and reflects on the challenges education faces in the changing societal and political environment of 21st century. While some of the challenges are universal and timeless (do we educate to fulfil the needs of the individuals or the society?), some of the problems are strongly connected with our time and place. In that regard, a philosophy of education fit for the 21st century needs to tackle social transformations that decisively influence the meaning of education, its goals and its practices, primarily: globalisation, digitalization, cultural fragmentation and transformation
Oral native heritage through the Ethnoperformance event
No full textOvaj rad istražuje važnost usmene zavičajne baštine, s naglaskom na malešnice i dječju književnost te retoričke oblike koji se koriste u radu s djecom. Malešnice, odnosno pučke narodne pjesmice, predstavljaju temelj dječje poezije i potiču razvoj govora, ritma i kreativnosti kod djece. Retorički oblici poput zdravica, basmi i brojalica u projektu Etnoperformans omogućuju djeci da se na zanimljiv način upoznaju s lokalnom kulturom i tradicijom.
Uključivanje ovih oblika usmene baštine u odgojno-obrazovni proces doprinosi cjelovitom razvoju djeteta - od razvoja identiteta i pripadnosti zajednici, do unapređenja jezičnih i komunikacijskih vještina. Stoga, očuvanje i promicanje usmene zavičajne baštine predstavlja ključan zadatak u odgoju i obrazovanju mladih naraštaja.This paper examines the importance of oral local heritage, with a focus on nursery rhymes and children's literature, as well as rhetorical forms used in working with children. Nursery rhymes, or folk songs, represent the foundation of children's poetry and promote the development of speech, rhythm, and creativity in children. Rhetorical forms such as toasts, charms, and counting rhymes in the Etnoperformance project allow children to become acquainted with local culture and tradition in an interesting way.
The inclusion of these forms of oral heritage in the educational process contributes to the child's overall development - from the development of identity and a sense of community, to the improvement of language and communication skills. Therefore, the preservation and promotion of oral local heritage represents a key task in the upbringing and education of younger generations