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Late antique and early medieval Rome as a center of Christian pilgrimage
No full textOvaj rad istražuje razvoj Rima kao središta kršćanskog hodočašća od kasne antike do ranog srednjeg vijeka, naglašavajući transformaciju grada iz političkog središta Rimskog Carstva u duhovnu destinaciju kršćanskog svijeta. Rad započinje analizom uloge prvih kršćanskih mučenika i njihovog značaja u jačanju kršćanske zajednice, kao i formiranju prvih hodočasničkih lokacija u Rimu. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na ulogu carice Helene u pronalasku i prenošenju svetih relikvija iz Svete Zemlje u Rim, što je dodatno učvrstilo status grada kao svetog mjesta.
Rad također razmatra razvoj hodočasničkih ruta i infrastrukture, poput Via Francigene i Via Appie, koje su omogućile dolazak hodočasnika iz raznih dijelova Europe. Istražena je uloga papinstva u promicanju hodočašća kroz organizaciju Jubilarnih godina, kao i doprinos redovničkih redova, osobito benediktinaca, u očuvanju i širenju svetih relikvija i tekstova, te pružanju duhovnog vodstva hodočasnicima.
Poseban dio rada posvećen je društvenom i ekonomskom utjecaju velikog broja hodočasnika na Rim, uključujući razvoj trgovine, smještajnih objekata i širenje vjerskih ideja. Unatoč krizama poput pljački Rima 410. i 455. godine, grad je kroz obnovu svetih mjesta i potporu germanskih vladara poput Teodorika Velikog uspio očuvati svoj status. Rad završava razmatranjem povratka hodočašća u ranom srednjem vijeku pod utjecajem karolinške renesanse, što je dovelo do reafirmacije Rima kao duhovnog središta kršćanskog svijeta.
Kroz sve ove aspekte, rad pokazuje kako su religijski, politički i društveni čimbenici oblikovali Rim kao trajno i neosporno središte kršćanske pobožnosti, čija važnost nije jenjavala unatoč povijesnim izazovima.This thesis explores the development of Rome as a centre of Christian pilgrimage from late antiquity to the early Middle Ages, emphasizing the city's transformation from the political heart of the Roman Empire to a key spiritual destination in the Christian world. The study begins with an analysis of the role of the first Christian martyrs and their significance in strengthening the Christian community, as well as the formation of the initial pilgrimage sites in Rome. Special emphasis is placed on the role of Empress Helena in discovering and transferring holy relics from the Holy Land to Rome, further solidifying the city's status as a sacred place.
The thesis also examines in detail the development of pilgrimage routes and infrastructure, such as the Via Francigena and Via Appia, which facilitated the arrival of pilgrims from various parts of Europe. The role of the papacy in promoting pilgrimage through the organization of Jubilee Years is explored, along with the contributions of monastic orders, particularly the Benedictines, in preserving and disseminating holy relics and texts and providing spiritual guidance to pilgrims.
A particular section of the thesis is devoted to the social and economic impact of the large influx of pilgrims on Rome, including the development of trade, lodging facilities, and the spread of religious ideas. Despite crises such as the sackings of Rome in 410 and 455 AD, the city, through the restoration of holy sites and support from Germanic rulers like Theodoric the Great, managed to maintain its status. The thesis concludes with a discussion on the revival of pilgrimage in the early Middle Ages under the influence of the Carolingian Renaissance, leading to the reaffirmation of Rome as the spiritual centre of the Christian world.
Through these aspects, the thesis demonstrates how religious, political, and social factors shaped Rome as a permanent and indisputable centre of Christian devotion, whose significance endured despite historical challenges
The evolution of corporate identity and its impact on consumers
No full textDiplomski rad pod naslovom „Evolucija korporativnog identiteta i njegov utjecaj na potrošače“ istražuje razvoj korporativnog identiteta kroz povijest, s posebnim naglaskom na utjecaj digitalnog doba na percepciju potrošača. Korporativni identitet obuhvaća niz elemenata, uključujući vizualni identitet, korporativnu kulturu, komunikacijske strategije te proizvode i usluge, a ključan je za uspostavljanje prepoznatljivosti i lojalnosti među potrošačima.
Rad se bavi analizom promjena u korporativnom identitetu u kontekstu globalizacije i tehnoloških inovacija te istražuje kako te promjene utječu na ponašanje potrošača. Posebna pažnja posvećena je razvoju digitalnog identiteta i njegovom utjecaju na korporativnu komunikaciju, uz analizu konkretnih primjera uspješnih korporativnih identiteta, kao što su McDonald's, Nike, Coca – Cola i Apple.
Osim teorijskog okvira, rad uključuje analizu primjera iz prakse te predlaže strategije za učinkovito upravljanje korporativnim identitetom u digitalnom dobu. Cilj je pokazati kako organizacije mogu prilagoditi svoj identitet kako bi zadržale konkurentnost i prepoznatljivost na dinamičnom tržištu te kako se korporativni identitet može koristiti kao alat za dugoročnu održivost i izgradnju snažnog odnosa s potrošačima.
Zaključak rada naglašava važnost dosljednog i strateškog upravljanja korporativnim identitetom kao ključnog faktora za stvaranje lojalnosti među potrošačima i postizanje dugoročnog uspjeha na tržištu
Emotional competence and subjective well-being of nurses and technicians
No full textOvaj diplomski rad bavi se istraživanjem emocionalnih kompetencija i subjektivne dobrobiti medicinskih sestara i tehničara, kao ključnih elemenata njihove radne i životne uspješnosti. U kontekstu zdravstvenog sustava, medicinske sestre svakodnevno se suočavaju s visokom razinom stresa i emocionalnim izazovima, što može značajno utjecati na njihovu profesionalnu učinkovitost i osobno blagostanje. Stoga je cilj ovog rada ispitati emocionalne kompetencije i subjektivnu dobrobit te provjeriti povezanost između ovih dviju varijabli. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 232 medicinske sestre i tehničara, pri čemu su korišteni upitnici za mjerenje emocionalne kompetencije (UEK-45) i subjektivne dobrobiti (Dienerove skale). Rezultati su pokazali da su ispitanici postigli iznadprosječne rezultate u emocionalnoj kompetenciji, osobito u reguliranju i upravljanju emocijama. Subjektivna dobrobit, mjerena kroz zadovoljstvo životom i osjećaj prosperiteta, također je bila visoka, dok su neugodna iskustva bila rijetka. Statistička analiza pokazala je umjerenu pozitivnu povezanost između emocionalne kompetencije i subjektivne dobrobiti, pri čemu je najjača povezanost zabilježena između reguliranja emocija i zadovoljstva životom. Ovo upućuje na zaključak da ispitanici s višim emocionalnim kompetencijama imaju tendenciju biti zadovoljniji svojim životom i percipirati veći osjećaj uspjeha i smisla. Ovaj rad pridonosi razumijevanju važnosti emocionalne inteligencije u zdravstvenoj praksi, ističući potrebu za sustavnim razvojem emocionalnih vještina u svrhu očuvanja mentalnog zdravlja medicinskih djelatnika i poboljšanja kvalitete zdravstvene skrbi.The abstract of this master thesis explores the emotional competence and subjective well-being of nurses as crucial elements of their success in work and life. In the context of the healthcare system, nurses face high levels of stress and emotional challenges daily, which can significantly impact their professional effectiveness and personal well-being. The aim of this study is to examine emotional competence and subjective well-being and to investigate the relationship between these two variables. The research was conducted on a sample of 232 nurses using questionnaires to measure emotional competence (UEK-45) and subjective well-being (Diener's scales). The results showed that participants achieved above-average scores in emotional competence, particularly in emotion regulation and management. Subjective well-being, measured through life satisfaction and a sense of prosperity, was also high, while negative experiences were rare. Statistical analysis revealed a moderate positive correlation between emotional competence and subjective well-being, with the strongest association found between emotion regulation and life satisfaction. This suggests that participants with higher emotional competence tend to be more satisfied with their lives and perceive a greater sense of success and meaning. The thesis contributes to understanding the importance of emotional intelligence in healthcare practice, emphasizing the need for systematic development of emotional skills to preserve the mental health of healthcare workers and improve the quality of healthcare services
The Presence and Role of Computational Thinking in Secondary Schools of Istria County
No full textU radu je istražen utjecaj računalnog razmišljanja na školski uspjeh i odabir škole/zanimanja učenika prvih razreda sedam srednjih škola Istarske županije. Škole koje su obuhvaćene istraživanjem su Ekonomska škola Pula, Gimnazija Pula, Tehnička škola Pula, Industrijsko- obrtnička škola Pula, Škola primijenjenih umjetnosti i dizajna- Pula, Srednja škola Zvane Črnje Rovinj i Gimnazija i strukovna škola Jurja Dobrile Pazin. Istražena je i uloga konstruktivističkog učenja i njegova povezanost s računalnim razmišljanjem te povezanost pozitivnog stava učenika o računalnom razmišljanju s vještinom računalnog razmišljanja. U istraživanju su korištene Likertove skale za ocjenu konstruktivističke nastave i za procjenu stava o računalnom razmišljanju, test računalnog razmišljanja i zadatak iz programiranja. Učenici su imali pozitivan stav o računalnom razmišljanju i o konstruktivističkoj nastavi. Na testu računalnog razmišljanja prosječan rezultat učenika prvih razreda bio je M=29,1973, SD=14,4679, od ukupno 70 bodova. Zadatak iz programiranja riješilo je svega sedam učenika prvih razreda škola uključenih u istraživanje, od ukupno 523 učenika prvog razreda. Glavni cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi povezanost računalnog razmišljanja s odabirom škole/zanimanja i školskim uspjehom. Istraživanjem je potvrđena povezanost vještine računalnog razmišljanja s odabirom škole/zanimanja i školskim uspjehom. Učenici s razvijenom vještinom računalnog razmišljanja upisivali su najčešće gimnazije, zatim četverogodišnje strukovne škole pa tek onda trogodišnje strukovne škole. Također, učenici s razvijenom vještinom računalnog razmišljanja imali su bolji školski uspjeh (opći uspjeh, ocjenu iz Matematike i Povijesti). Utvrđeno je kako se 20 % varijance općeg uspjeha i odabira škole/zanimanja može objasniti vještinom računalnog razmišljanja.This paper explores the impact of computational thinking on academic success and school/career choices among first-year students in seven secondary schools in the Istria County. The schools included in the study are the Pula School of Economics, Pula Grammar School, Pula Technical School, Pula Industrial and Crafts School, School of Applied Arts and Design - Pula, Zvane Črnja Secondary School in Rovinj, and the Juraj Dobrila Grammar and Vocational School in Pazin. The study also examines the role of constructivist learning and its connection to computational thinking, as well as the relationship between students’ positive attitudes towards computational thinking and their computational thinking skills. The research utilised Likert scales to assess constructivist teaching and to evaluate attitudes towards computational thinking, along with a computational thinking test and a programming task. Students showed a positive attitude towards both computational thinking and constructivist teaching. In the computational thinking test, the average score of first-year students was M = 29.1973, SD = 14.4679, out of a maximum of 70 points. Only seven first-year students, out of a total of 523 from the schools involved, completed the programming task. The primary aim of the study was to determine the connection between computational thinking, school/career choices, and academic success. The research confirmed a link between computational thinking skills and school/career choices, as well as academic performance. Students with developed computational thinking skills most often enrolled in grammar schools, followed by four-year vocational schools, and finally three-year vocational schools. Additionally, students with advanced computational thinking skills achieved better academic outcomes (overall achievement, and grades in Mathematics and History). It was found that 20% of the variance in overall achievement and school/career choices could be explained by computational thinking skills
Utjecaj fotonaponske elektrane na energetsku učinkovitost građevine u različitim klimatskim područjima
No full textRad istražuje utjecaj fotonaponskih elektrana na energetsku učinkovitost zgrada u različitim klimatskim područjima, analizirajući primjere iz gorske i primorske hrvatske. Cilj je procijeniti energetsku uštedu, ekonomsku isplativost i smanjenje emisije CO2. Istraživanje uključuje proračun potrebne energije za grijanje i hlađenje pomoću softvera KI-Expert, te modeliranje fotonaponskih elektrana putem softvera PV SOL. Rezultati simulacija pokazuju pozitivne učinke integracije FN sustava na energetsku učinkovitost zgrada, posebice u kontekstu smanjenja potrošnje energije i emisija stakleničkih plinova, uz značajnu ekonomsku uštedu.The study examines the impact of photovoltaic (PV) power plants on the energy efficiency of buildings in different climate zones, analyzing examples from mountainous and coastal regions of Croatia. The goal is to assess energy savings, economic viability, and CO2 emissions reduction. The research includes the calculation of energy needs for heating and cooling using KI-Expert software, as well as modeling PV power plants through PV SOL software. The simulation results show positive effects of PV system integration on the energy efficiency of buildings, especially in terms of reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, along with significant economic savings
E-innovations in tourism
No full textOvaj diplomski rad istražuje utjecaj e-inovacija na turistički sektor, s posebnim naglaskom na njihovu primjenu u hotelijerstvu. U radu se analiziraju teorijske osnove inovacija i digitalizacije turističkih usluga te se kroz empirijsko istraživanje ispituje kako hoteli koriste nove tehnologije za poboljšanje svojih usluga i operativne učinkovitosti.
Rad sistematizirano prikazuje evoluciju e-turizma, istražujući ključne pojmove kao što su online rezervacije, digitalni marketing, mobilne aplikacije, te virtualna i proširena stvarnost. Kroz studije slučaja poput implementacije chatbotova u Hilton lancu i pametnih check-in sustava u YOTEL Singapore, rad ilustrira kako tehnološke inovacije doprinose efikasnosti operacija i zadovoljstvu gostiju.
Provedeno istraživanje među hotelima pokazalo je rastući trend ulaganja u tehnologije poput pametnih soba, IoT-a i alata za analizu podataka, koje su ključne za unapređenje korisničkog iskustva i optimizaciju poslovanja. Ovi rezultati pružaju vrijedne smjernice za hotele i turističke operatere, naglašavajući važnost strateškog ulaganja u tehnologije koje oblikuju budućnost turizma. Kako se tehnologija nastavlja razvijati, važno je prilagoditi se novim izazovima, koristeći inovacije kao sredstvo za održavanje konkurentnosti.
Zaključno, rad preporučuje da hoteli strateški usvoje tehnologije koje direktno poboljšavaju korisničko iskustvo i optimiziraju poslovne procese, što je ključno za održavanje konkurentnosti u brzo mijenjajućem tržištu. Kontinuirana edukacija osoblja i redovita evaluacija implementiranih inovacija također su iznimno važni za osiguranje da tehnološke investicije ostvaruju željene rezultate.
E-inovacije se pokazuju ne samo kao trend, već kao neophodnost koja oblikuje budućnost turističke industrije, stvarajući nove standarde u gostoprimstvu i turizmu.This thesis explores the impact of e-innovations on the tourism sector, with a special focus on their application in the hospitality industry. The paper analyzes the theoretical foundations of innovation and the digitalization of tourism services, and through empirical research, examines how hotels utilize new technologies to enhance their services and operational efficiency.
The work systematically presents the evolution of e-tourism, exploring key concepts such as online reservations, digital marketing, mobile applications, and virtual and augmented reality. Through case studies like the implementation of chatbots in the Hilton chain and smart check-in systems at YOTEL Singapore, the paper illustrates how technological innovations contribute to the efficiency of operations and guest satisfaction.
The conducted research among hotels has shown a growing trend in investments in technologies such as smart rooms, IoT, and data analytics tools, which are crucial for enhancing the guest experience and optimizing operations. These results provide valuable insights for hotels and tourism operators, emphasizing the importance of strategic investments in technologies that shape the future of tourism. As technology continues to evolve, it is essential to adapt to new challenges, using innovations as a means to maintain competitiveness.
In conclusion, the paper recommends that hotels strategically adopt technologies that directly improve the customer experience and optimize business processes, which is crucial for maintaining competitiveness in the rapidly changing market. Continuous staff education and regular evaluation of implemented innovations are also extremely important to ensure that technological investments achieve the desired results.
E-innovations are shown not only as a trend but as a necessity that shapes the future of the tourism industry, creating new standards in hospitality and tourism
MANAGERS EMOTIONS AND REWARDING WORKERS
No full textU radu se istražuje ključna uloga emocija menadžera u procesu nagrađivanja radnika i njihovom motiviranju. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na to kako emocionalna inteligencija menadžera može utjecati na donošenje odluka o nagradama i priznanju postignuća zaposlenika. Istraživanje uključuje analizu različitih tipova nagrada, koje mogu biti materijalne (financijske) ili nematerijalne (priznanja, pohvale), i njihovu ulogu u povećanju zadovoljstva i angažiranosti radnika. Osim toga, rad razmatra kako emocionalne reakcije menadžera, poput empatije, podrške i poštovanja, oblikuju radnu atmosferu i kulturu unutar organizacije. Emocije radnika tokom rada također igraju značajnu ulogu u ukupnom iskustvu i produktivnosti zaposlenika. Pozitivne emocije, poput zadovoljstva i entuzijazma, mogu značajno poboljšati motivaciju radnika, povećavajući njihovu angažiranost i želju za postizanjem visokih performansi. S druge strane, negativne emocije, poput stresa ili nezadovoljstva, mogu smanjiti produktivnost i dovesti do visoke fluktuacije zaposlenika. Motivacija radnika je ključna za održavanje njihove produktivnosti i zadovoljstva na poslu. Emocionalna povezanost sa poslom i organizacijom, koju potiče prepoznavanje i nagrađivanje postignuća, može rezultirati većim angažmanom i posvećenošću. Motivacija može biti unutarnja (potaknuta osobnim ciljevima i vrijednostima) ili vanjska (posljedica nagrada i priznanja). Efikasne strategije nagrađivanja, koje uzimaju u obzir kako materijalne tako i nematerijalne aspekte, mogu značajno utjecati na zadovoljstvo radnika i njihov osjećaj pripadnosti organizaciji. Na kraju, rad naglašava važnost kontinuirane edukacije menadžera o emocionalnoj inteligenciji i njenoj primjeni u praksi za postizanje boljih rezultata i jačanje lojalnosti zaposlenika. Razumijevanje kako emocije utječu na motivaciju radnika i radnu atmosferu omogućuje menadžerima da razviju efikasnije strategije nagrađivanja i upravljanja timovima, što doprinosi jačanju organizacijske kulture i ukupnih performansi.The study explores the crucial role of managers' emotions in the process of rewarding employees and motivating them. Special emphasis is placed on how managerial emotional intelligence can impact decision-making regarding rewards and recognition of employees' achievements. The research includes an analysis of various types of rewards, which can be either material (financial) or immaterial (recognition, praise), and their role in increasing employee satisfaction and engagement. Additionally, the paper examines how managers' emotional responses, such as empathy, support, and respect, shape the work environment and organizational culture. Employees' emotions during work also play a significant role in their overall experience and productivity. Positive emotions, such as satisfaction and enthusiasm, can significantly enhance workers' motivation, increasing their engagement and desire to achieve high performance. Conversely, negative emotions, such as stress or dissatisfaction, can reduce productivity and lead to high employee turnover. Employee motivation is crucial for maintaining their productivity and job satisfaction. Emotional connection to the job and organization, which is fostered by recognizing and rewarding achievements, can result in greater engagement and commitment. Motivation can be intrinsic (driven by personal goals and values) or extrinsic (resulting from rewards and recognition). Effective reward strategies, which consider both material and immaterial aspects, can significantly impact employee satisfaction and their sense of belonging to the organization. Finally, the paper highlights the importance of ongoing education for managers on emotional intelligence and its application in practice to achieve better results and strengthen employee loyalty. Understanding how emotions affect employee motivation and the work environment enables managers to develop more effective reward and team management strategies, contributing to the enhancement of organizational culture and overall performance
Active learning strategies in science and social studies teaching in primary education
No full textUbrzani razvoj tehnologije i znanosti u posljednjih tridesetak godina doveli su do globalizacije, a samim time i do promjena u društvu. Znanja i vještine brzo zastarijevaju, znanost se ubrzano mijenja i donosi nove spoznaje. Suvremeno društvo od pojedinca zahtijeva sposobnost prilagodbe takovim ubrzanim promjenama; kompetencije analitičkog i kritičkog sagledavanja i rješavanja problema, poduzetnost, socijalne kompetencije, informatičku pismenost, odnosno kontinuirani razvoj kroz cjeloživotno učenje. Obrazovanje budućih naraštaja trebao bi biti prioritet društva kao ulog u budući društveni i gospodarski razvoj zajednice. Zato temelj suvremenog odgoja i obrazovanja treba činiti aktivno učenje koje kod učenika budi zainteresiranost, znatiželju, potiče ih na djelovanje, istraživanje, sudjelovanje te razvija kompetencije potrebne za sustavno prilagođavanje promjenama i zahtjevima suvremenog života. Aktivno učenje je ishodište rasta i razvoja djeteta u cjelovitu i odgovornu osobu. Teorijska analiza usmjerena je na tumačenje pojma aktivnoga učenja kroz povijesni pregled razvoja aktivnoga učenja i njegovu povezanost s nastavom prirode i društva. Aktivno učenje potiče iskustveno i suradničko učenje, a temelji se na konstruktivističkoj teoriji učenja koje uvažava iskustvo učenika i njegova već usvojena znanja. Opisuje se značaj aktivnoga učenja za učenike kao i uloga učitelja u vođenju procesa aktivnoga učenja. Važan dio opisuje suvremene strategije, metode i oblike učenja, poučavanja i rada u nastavi prirode i društva kao što su istraživačka nastava, praktičan rad, projektna, izvanučionička i problemska nastava te primjena informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije. Navedenim strategijama učenik postaje aktivan sudionik u nastavnom procesu što mu omogućava razvoj sposobnosti i vještina potrebnih za život, kritičko promišljanje, suradnju u grupi ili timu, socijalne vještine, samostalnost, odgovornost, cjeloživotno obrazovanje. Učenik se kao aktivan sudionik u nastavi osjeća kao osoba sa svim svojim potrebama, pravima i osjećajima. U teorijskoj analizi opisuje se Priroda i društvo kao nastavni predmet u kojemu učenici otkrivaju zakonitosti pojava i procesa u prirodi i društvu u kojemu žive kao i njihovu međusobnu povezanost. Suvremena nastava prirode i društva podrazumijeva iskustveno učenje koje se ostvaruje doživljavanjem, promatranjem, istraživanjem i eksperimentiranjem. Učionica i razredno ozračje, školski vrt i dvorište, živi kutak predstavljaju važne čimbenike u održavanju nastave prirode i društva u školi i njenom okolišu. Temeljna uloga učitelja je da implementacijom nastavnih strategija i metoda aktivnoga učenja, učenika postavlja u poziciju aktivnog sudionika u nastavi, a pravilnim odabirom nastavnih strategija aktivnoga učenja može poboljšati uspjeh učenika. U suvremenoj školi uloga i kompetencije učitelja su od iznimne važnosti. Drugi dio ovoga doktorskoga rada predstavlja empirijsko istraživanje čiji je cilj ispitati procjenu učestalosti provođenja aktivnoga učenja u nastavi prirode i društva iz perspektive učitelja razredne nastave i studenata 4. i 5. godine učiteljskih studija i njihovu samoprocjenu kompetencija za provođenje strategija aktivnoga učenja u nastavi prirode i društva te uočavaju li prednosti i moguće prepreke takvoga učenja. Ovo istraživanje je ukazalo na važnost i potrebu usavršavanja učitelja. Komunikacija i sposobnost suradnje u timu su tražene osobine na tržištu rada, a rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju manju primjenu strategija u području suradničkog učenja i u području korištenja informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije što iziskuje usavršavanje učitelja u tom području. U prilog potrebe za usavršavanjem učitelja idu i rezultati koji su pokazali da usavršavanjem raste samopouzdanje učitelja i ovim istraživanjem je utvrđeno da je viša samoprocjena osobnih profesionalnih kompetencija učitelja za provedbu strategija aktivnoga učenja povezana s njihovom češćom primjenom u nastavi prirode i društva. Doprinos ovoga rada ogleda se u spoznaji o važnosti implementacije nastavnih strategija aktivnoga učenja u nastavu prirode i društva u primarnom obrazovanju kao i o važnosti usavršavanja učitelja na tom području.Modern life is dominated by changes in all aspects of life. That is why it is necessary to reshape education from traditional to modern in which the student is an active participant, a creator of their own knowledge, and adaptable to changes. This implies both active learning and the educators’ competence in this form of teaching. The aim of this doctoral thesis is to examine the application of active learning strategies to teaching methods in primary-level Nature and Society education in the Republic of Croatia. A further aim is to examine the self-assessment of both students (future primary education teachers), and teachers, with a particular focus on the implementation of active learning teaching strategies to Nature and Society classes (an interdisciplinary subject). The research was conducted on a sample of 290 primary education teachers in 290 in Croatian primary schools and 227 4th and 5th year Teacher Education students, also in Croatia. For the purposes of the research, a questionnaire was designed for students and teachers. The first part of the questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic teacher characteristics (years of work experience, school, county, class, professional training) and students (Faculty and years of study). The second part of the questionnaire consisted of three sections that were the same for teachers and students: 1. A questionnaire for examining the frequency of active learning teaching strategies application in Nature and Society, which is divided into 5 thematic subscales named according to the active learning strategies including descriptions of learning activities (collaborative learning, communication skills and learning skills, problem-based learning, setting goals and giving feedback, and active learning with the use of information and communication technology) (Haas, 2002) 2. A self-assessment questionnaire with a focus on competences for effective organisation and execution of Nature and Society lessons (Letina, 2013) 3. A questionnaire about the advantages and obstacles in the implementation of active learning strategies in the teaching of Nature and Society (Borić, Škugor and Perković, 2010). The results of all five thematic subscales show that teachers apply collaborative learning occasionally (once a month); communication skills, learning skills and problem-based learning often (once a week); that they set goals and give feedback almost very frequently (twice a week); while the least frequently used active learning strategy in Nature and Society is the use of communication and information technology. A negative and low connection between training in the implementation of active learning teaching strategies and the application of these same strategies in Nature and Society became apparent. The correlation coefficient is significant, too. An important result is that 77.9 % of the teachers who participated in this research received professional training in the implementation of active learning teaching strategies in the last five years. It also became clearthat there is no significant difference in the application of active learning strategies between teachers who teach in the first and second grades and those who teach in the third and fourth grades. The assumption is that district school teachers (in rural areas) implement more active learning strategies, such as exploratory extracurricular classes, than teachers in home schools (urban areas). Although this was not an explicit research goal, I became apparent that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of respondents. The results show that active learning teaching in Nature and Society are most often applied by teachers who have between 6 and 10 years of work experience and by teachers who have more than 25 years of work experience. Students estimate that they will apply collaborative learning, communication and learning skills, problem-based learning, and goal setting and feedback frequently, while occasionally also using communication and information technologies. Through a comparison of the teacher and student responses, it became clear that both groups prioritise the strategy of setting goals and giving feedback. For teachers, communication skills and learning skills are of secondary importance. Problem-based learning is of tertiary importance. The reverse is true for students. Students' preference for problem-based learning over communication and study skills can be explained by a lack of practical teaching experience. Both teachers and students put cooperative learning in fourth place. The use of information and communication technology is gauged as the least important. This is an expected finding given than 46.5 % of teacher respondents have more than 25 years experience. However, this stance is unusual for students who are digital natives. Furthermore, the findings showed that both teachers and students estimate that they are most competent in connecting lessons with seasonal environmental changes and connecting the teaching content of nature and Society with other subjects. They feel the least competent in theoretical knowledge. It is noteworthy that they perceive themselves as more competent in the organisation and preparation of active learning teaching strategies in Nature and Society, than it the application. Teachers assess their competences as the least developed in the field of knowledge of constructivist concepts of learning and in the knowledge and application of various strategies and methods of active learning. Students assess their competencies as the least developed in the knowledge of the project process and project product, in knowledge of constructivist concepts of learning, and in the ability to work in an interdisciplinary team of teachers to organise extracurricular Nature and Society classes. Both teachers and students self-assess their active learning strategies application in Nature and Society, as developed. Teachers further assess their competences for applying active learning as more developed than students. The findings confirm that there is a statistically significant difference in the self-assessment of the adoption and application of active learning teaching strategies in Nature and Society between teachers and students. Likewise, the findings suggest that there is a strong positive connection between more developed teacher competencies and more frequent application of strategies. In the final analysis, the findings show that there is a significant difference in the evaluation of competencies for implementing active learning strategies between students in the final year of Teacher Education and students in the lower years of Teacher Education. The findings also show that teachers perceive the advantages of applying active learning strategies in Nature and Society while students mostly agree that there are advantages in applying these strategies. The findings also show that there is no significant difference in the perception of the advantages of active learning strategies between teachers and students. Further, there are no statistically significant differences in the assessment of the advantages and obstacles of active learning teaching strategies between teachers more and less experienced teachers. The difference in assessment among students was also examined. The findings indicate that there are no statistically significant differences in the assessment of advantages and obstacles to active learning teaching strategies between students in the 4th and 5th year of study. Competencies are a significant positive predictor of application as well as assessment of advantages and obstacles; the higher the self-assessment of personal professional competences for the implementation of active learning strategies, the more frequent their application in the teaching of Nature and Society and the higher the assessment of advantages in relation to obstacles. A detailed presentation of the relevant theoretical and empirical research, in both the national and international contexts, is the cognitive driver of this research. The scientific and applied contribution is located in the empirical part of the thesis, which provides insights into the frequency of active learning teaching strategies’ application in Croatia; into the self-assessment of the competencies of 4th and 5th Teacher Education students and primary education teachers; into the application of active learning teaching strategies in the teaching of Nature and Society. It also evaluates advantages and obstacles in the implementation of active learning strategies findings. The contribution of this doctoral work lies in the opening of new questions and avenues for future research that could contribute to the more frequent application of active learning strategies in school practice, and thus also to raising the quality of education. For example, determine why the strategy of using information and communication technology and the strategy of collaborative learning are less frequently applied in classroom teaching as well as determining the causes of young teachers' lack of interest in training at the beginning of teaching, examining teachers' opinions on whether there is a need for a more modern curriculum for Nature and Society, and examining the need for more frequent practical participation in classes. This research also contributes to the continuous involvement of students in real-life teaching processes across their entire education, as well as to the reduction of Nature and Society’s curriculum outcomes, which benefits teachers both in terms of planning time and the organisation and implementation of active learning methods. A desirable consequence of this would be a more frequent application of active learning strategies in classes encouraging students to engage in independent activities, enabling them to acquire new knowledge based on direct experience, and training them for lifelong learning and successful adaption to the challenges of future societies
Development of cultural and literary tourism destination - the example of Mošćenička Draga
No full textOvaj rad bavi se razvojem kulturnog i književnog turizma na primjeru Općine Mošćenička Draga. Za potrebe pisanja ovog rada korištena je stručna i druga literatura vezana za navedeno područje, posebice službeni dokumenti koji sadrže sve potrebne analize, povijesne podatke i druge informacije korisne za kreiranje ovog djela. U radu se u velikoj mjeri pristupilo metodi analize i sinteze, deskripcije, te studije slučaja. Svrha rada je detaljno objasniti književnu baštinu Općine Mošćenička Draga, prikazati je kroz nišu posebnih oblika turizma, kao atrakcijsku osnovu kulturnog turizma, dokazati na „živim“ primjerima da je kulturni i književni turizam zapravo budućnost opstanka turizma destinacije i funkcionalnost cjelogodišnjeg turizma. Potvrđena hipoteza rada glasi: Kulturna i književna baština Općine Mošćenička Draga kroz život i djelo Eugena Kumičića, Viktora Cara Emina i Rikarda Katalinića Jeretova, kulturna je i tradicijska poveznica stanovnika sa bogatom književnom poviješću, svojevrsna atrakcijska osnova u kulturnom turizmu te snažni pečat identiteta ovog područja.
Kao „živi primjer“ održivog upravljanja kulturnim i prirodnim resursima u turizmu je Općina Mošćenička Draga, već neko vrijeme usmjerena prema selektivnim oblicima turizma. Upravo je Ekomuzej Mošćenička Draga u svom Akcijskom i Strateškom planu odredio turistički razvoj ove općine koji se temelji na bogatoj kulturnoj, književnoj (Eugen Kumičić, Viktor Car Emin, Rikard Katalinić - Jeretov), povijesnoj i prirodnoj baštini. Kao aktualni primjeri održivog upravljanja kulturnim i prirodnim resursima u turizmu stari su gradovi Mošćenice i Brseč, ribarsko i pomorska sastavnica Mošćenička Draga, a prirodni, no i povijesni potencijali leže na obroncima Učke, točnije ispod brda Perun gdje se unazad desetak godina realizirala „Mitsko-povijesna staza Trebišće – Perun“, kao idealan spoj povijesti, književnosti i prirode. Naša je zadaća oplemeniti kulturnu i povijesnu baštinu, formirati još više zaštićenih prirodnih područja, uključiti lokalno stanovništvo u turističku ponudu destinacije. Sinergija turista koji odabiru ovu vrstu turizma, lokalnog stanovništva koje istu nudi kao svoj proizvod, te turističkih institucija koje potiču takav razvoj, ključ je budućnosti hrvatskog turizma. Općina Mošćenička Draga primjer je kako književno - povijesnu baštinu pretvoriti u snažan i prepoznatljiv turizam posebnih interesa.ABSTRACT
This research deals with the development of cultural and literary tourism on the example of the Municipality of Mošćenička Draga. For the purposes of writing this research document, professional and other literature related to the mentioned area was used, especially official documents that contain all the necessary analyses, historical data and other information useful for the creation of this document. In the research, the method of analysis and synthesis, description and case study was largely approached. The purpose of the research is to explain in detail the literary heritage of the Municipality of Mošćenička Draga, to present it through the spectrum of special forms of tourism, as an attractive basis of cultural tourism, to prove with "living" examples that cultural and literary tourism is actually the future of destination tourism and the functionality of year-round tourism. The hypothesis of the research document: The cultural and literary heritage of the Municipality of Mošćenička Draga through the life and work of Eugen Kumičić, Viktor Car Emin and Rikard Katalinić Jeretov, is a cultural and traditional link of the inhabitants with a rich literary history, a kind of attraction base in cultural tourism and a strong seal of the identity of this area.
As a "living example" of sustainable management of cultural and natural resources in tourism is the Municipality of Mošćenička Draga, which has been focused on selective forms of tourism for some time. In its Action and Strategic plan, Ecomuseum Mošćenička Draga determined the tourism development of this municipality, which is based on a rich cultural, literary (Kumičić, Emin, Katalinić Jeretov), historical and natural heritage. Current examples of sustainable management of cultural and natural resources in tourism are the old towns of Mošćenice and Brseč, the fishing and maritime component of Mošćenička Draga, and the natural and historical potentials lie on the slopes of Učka, more precisely under the Perun hill, on the mythical - historical Trebišće - Perun trail, as an ideal combination of history, literature and nature that becomes a realizable tourist product. Our task is to enrich the cultural and historical heritage, to form even more protected natural areas, to include the local population in the tourist offer of the destination. The synergy of tourists who choose this type of tourism, local residents who offer it as their product and tourist institutions that encourage such development, is the key for the future of Croatian tourism. The Municipality of Mošćenička Draga is an example of how to turn literary and historical heritage into strong and recognizable special interest tourism
Differences in kinanthropological characteristics between track and field athletes and their peers in early school age
No full textTema ovog diplomskog rada su razlike u kinantropološkim obilježjima između atletičara i njihovih vršnjaka u ranoj školskoj dobi. Kinantropološka obilježja obuhvaćaju sustave sposobnosti, osobina i motoričkih znanja koju su međusobno povezani. Dijele se na nekoliko sposobnosti i karakteristika, a to su: motoričke, funkcionalne, kognitivne sposobnosti te morfološke i sociološke karakteristike. Ta se obilježja prate kroz djetetov razvoj, a važne su za određivanje i unaprjeđivanje njihovog zdravstvenog statusa. Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi stanje kinantropoloških obilježja između atletičara i njihovih vršnjaka u ranoj školskoj dobi te usporediti razlike. Skupina atletičara mjerena je pomoću devet varijabli, a to su: tjelesna visina, tjelesna težina, skok u dalj iz mjesta, podizanje trupa u 30 sekundi, pretklon raznožno, izdržaj u visu zgibom, trčanje tri minute, plenk te indeks tjelesne mase (BMI). Rezultati su se uspoređivali s prosjekom učenika Primorsko-goranske županije koji su pokazali slabije rezultate od atletičara.The topic of the final paper are the differences in kinanthropological characteristics between track and field athletes and their peers in early school age. Kinanthropological features include systems of abilities, traits and motor skills that are interconnected. They are divided into several abilities and characteristics, such as motor, functional, cognitive abilities and morphological and sociological characteristics. These features are monitored throughout the child's development, and are important for determining and improving their health status. The aim of this paper was to determine the state of kinanthropological characteristics between athletes and their peers in early school age and to compare the differences. The group of athletes was measured using nine variables, such as body height, body weight, standing long jump, 30-second trunk lift, various bends, pull-ups, running for three minutes, plank and body mass indeks (BMI). The results were compared with the average of the students of the Primorje-Gorski kotar county, which showed lower results than the athletes