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Autonomous vehicle technology
No full textU ovom završnom radu obrađena je tematika budućnosti bez vozača. U današnjem svijetu postoje značajne tendencije da se u potpunosti prijeđe na potpuno autonomno upravljanje. Ovaj završni rad prikazuje razvoj vozila kroz povijest te ključne događaje. Rad analizira osnovna obilježja sigurnosti u prometu te njihove najbitnije čimbenike. U pogledu autonomnih vozila ovaj rad detaljno obrađuje sve vrste tehnologija (senzora) rada kod autonomnih automobila današnjice te su navedene prednosti i nedostaci autonomnih vozila kao takvih. Detaljnom analizom razina autonomije evidentna je tendencija da budućnost leži u području autonomnih tehnologija te se očekuje njihov daljnji razvoj.In this thesis, the topic of the autonomous vehicles is discussed. Nowadays, there are significant trends that are moving towards autonomous control. This thesis shows the development of the vehicle through history including the key events. The thesis analyzes the basic features of traffic safety and their most important factors. In terms of autonomous vehicles, this thesis describes in detail all types of technologies (sensors) used in today's autonomous cars and lists the advantages and disadvantages of autonomous vehicles as such. A detailed analysis of the level of autonomy shows a tendency that the future lies in the field of autonomous technologies and their further development can be expected
Day case surgery during COVID-19 pandemic
No full textCilj rada je ustanoviti trend kirurškog liječenja djece kroz jednodnevnu kirurgiju (JDK) Klinike za dječje bolesti Zagreb tijekom pandemije COVID-19 uspoređujući podatke iz po dvije predpandemijske i pandemijske godine (2018. – 2021.). U ovu retrospektivnu studiju uključena su operirana djeca Klinike za dječje bolesti Zagreb u razdoblju od početka 2018. do kraja 2021. godine. Analizirana su djeca operirana kroz jednodnevnu kirurgiju u odnosu na one bolnički liječene (boravak preko 24 sata) po najčešćim operacijskim zahvatima specifičnim za dječju kirurgiju (preponske kile, varikokele, retencije testisa). Ukupno je 2018. godine na Klinici za kirurgiju operativno liječeno 4.188 djece, od čega po postulatima jednodnevne kirurgije njih 29%. U 2019. godini operirano je ukupno 4.370 djece, od čega je njih 31,6% operirano kroz JDK, a 2020. godine od 2.724 djece njih 40,6% kroz JDK. Tijekom 2021. operirano je ukupno 3.036 pacijenata, od čega kroz JDK njih 52,14%. Od operacija ingvinalne hernije u JDK načinjeno je 2018. 49%, 2019. 47,1%, 2020. 58,1%, a 2021. 76,8% od ukupnog broja djece liječene ovom metodom. Od operacija retencija testisa u JDK načinjeno je 2018. 1%, 2019. 9,4%, 2020. 53,2%, a 2021. 73,2%. U 2018. i 2019. godini sva su djeca s dijagnozom varikokele liječena bolnički, 2020. udio operiranih kroz JDK bio je 70,7%, a u 2021. 96,8%. Rezultati pokazuju kako u periodu 2018. – 2021. godine udio operacija djece kroz Odjel jednodnevne kirurgije raste. Neobična situacija 2020. godine u Gradu Zagrebu (pandemija i potresom reduciran posteljni bolnički kapacitet) prinudila je kirurge da izmijene tradicionalni pristup i prihvate jednodnevnu dječju kirurgiju kao siguran i učinkovit pristup liječenju.This study aimed to determine the trend of surgical treatment of patients through the Day Surgery Department (DSD) at the Children’s Hospital Zagreb during the COVID-19 pandemic, comparing data from the pre-pandemic and the first two pandemic years. For this retrospective study, all patients of the Clinic for pediatric surgery operated on between the beginning of 2018 and the end of 2021 were taken into account. Patients operated through day surgery were compared to those who were treated as inpatients. We also compared the ratio of day surgery to inpatient care for patients who underwent common pediatric surgical procedures, including inguinal hernias, testicular retention, and varicocele. Furthermore, we investigated the percentage and causes of unplanned hospitalizations in patients treated through day surgery. In 2018, a total of 4,188 children were surgically treated at the Surgery Clinic, 29% of whom underwent surgery according to the principles of day surgery. In 2019, a total of 4,370 children were operated on, with 31.6% of them undergoing day surgery. In 2020, there were 2,724 patients, of which 40.6% underwent day surgery. During 2021, a total of 3,036 patients were operated on, 52.1% of whom underwent day surgery. In 2018 and 2019, inguinal hernia operations were primarily performed as inpatient procedures, with 49% and 47.1% respectively carried out through DSD. By 2020, this shifted, with 58.1% of hernioplasties performed through DSD, and by 2021, this figure increased to 76.%. In 2019, only 9.4% of the testicular retention operations were performed through DSD, while the percentage of those operated through DSD increased significantly in 2020 to 53.2% and to 73.2% in 2021. All patients diagnosed with varicocele in 2018 and 2019 were treated as inpatients. In 2020, 70.7% were operated on through day surgery, and in 2021, this percentage rose to 96.8%. Despite the expected decrease in the number of patients during the first year of the pandemic, the proportion of patients operated on through the Department of Day Surgery is increasing throughout the years. The difficult situation forced surgeons to change their traditional mindset and accept day surgery as a safe and effective approach to treating elective surgical patients
ORGANISATION AND FUNCTIONING OF EUROPEAN PUBLIC PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE
No full textRad ne sadrži sažetak
Lessons learned from RadiologyNET foundation models for transfer learning in medical radiology
No full textDeep learning models require large amounts of annotated data, which are hard to obtain in the medical field, as the annotation process is laborious and depends on expert knowledge. This data scarcity hinders a model's ability to generalise effectively on unseen data, and recently, foundation models pretrained on large datasets have been proposed as a promising solution. RadiologyNET is a custom medical dataset that comprises 1,902,414 medical images covering various body parts and modalities of image acquisition. We used the RadiologyNET dataset to pretrain several popular architectures (ResNet18, ResNet34, ResNet50, VGG16, EfficientNetB3, EfficientNetB4, InceptionV3, DenseNet121, MobileNetV3Small and MobileNetV3Large). We compared the performance of ImageNet and RadiologyNET foundation models against training from randomly initialiased weights on several publicly available medical datasets: (i) Segmentation-LUng Nodule Analysis Challenge, (ii) Regression-RSNA Pediatric Bone Age Challenge, (iii) Binary classification-GRAZPEDWRI-DX and COVID-19 datasets, and (iv) Multiclass classification-Brain Tumor MRI dataset. Our results indicate that RadiologyNET-pretrained models generally perform similarly to ImageNet models, with some advantages in resource-limited settings. However, ImageNet-pretrained models showed competitive performance when fine-tuned on sufficient data. The impact of modality diversity on model performance was tested, with the results varying across tasks, highlighting the importance of aligning pretraining data with downstream applications. Based on our findings, we provide guidelines for using foundation models in medical applications and publicly release our RadiologyNET-pretrained models to support further research and development in the field. The models are available at https://github.com/AIlab-RITEH/RadiologyNET-TL-models
EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF SMOKELESS TOBACCO AEROSOL ON ORAL CAVITY STRUCTURE AND COMPARISON WITH CONVENTIONAL TOBACCO PRODUCTS
No full textCiljevi: Procijeniti i usporediti morfološki izgled oralne sluznice, prevalenciju kandidijaze,
prisutnost neugodnog zadaha, olfaktornu i gustatornu funkciju, specifične karakteristike sline
(količina, biomarkeri upale i oksidativnog stresa - IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2, TNF-α, 8-OHdG) i
psihološke simptome depresivnosti, stresa i anksioznosti u skupinama pušača novih duhanskih
preparata bez izgaranja (Tobacco Heating System, THS), pušača konvencionalnih cigareta i
nepušača.
Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanje je uključeno 30 pušača THS-a, 30 pušača konvencionalnih
cigareta i 30 nepušača. Ispunili su anamnestički upitnik, upitnik o pušenju i psihološke upitnike
za procjenu stresa, depresivnosti i anksioznosti. Napravljeni su klinički oralni pregled i testovi
(test lučenja sline, obrisak oralne sluznice, organoleptička procjena halitoze, testiranje okusne
i mirisne funkcije). Sakupljeni uzorci sline su korišteni za imunoenzimsku analizu
koncentracija salivarnih biomarkera upale i biomarkera oksidativnog stresa.
Rezultati: U obje skupine pušača zabilježena je viša prevalencija morfoloških promjena
sluznice (P < 0,001), smanjena količina nestimulirane sline (P < 0,001) i prisutnost neugodnog
zadaha (P < 0,001) u odnosu na nepušače. Nije pronađena značajna razlika u prevalenciji
kandidijaze. Pušači konvencionalnih cigareta pokazali su smanjenu mirisnu funkciju u
usporedbi s nepušačima (P = 0,001), dok se pušači THS-a nisu razlikovali od pušača
konvencionalnih cigareta niti nepušača. U obje skupine pušača smanjena je sveukupna okusna
funkcija, te identifikacija gorkog, kiselog i slanog okusa (P < 0,001). Koncentracija 8-OHdG-a
je značajno viša u skupini nepušača u odnosu na obje skupine pušača (P < 0,001). Nije
zabilježena razlika u koncentraciji salivarnih citokina. Pušači konvencionalnih cigareta niže
percipiraju stres u usporedbi s nepušačima i pušačima THS-a (P = 0,012). Nije bilo linearne
povezanosti između biomarkera oksidativnog stresa i promatranih psiholoških simptoma.
Zaključak: Pušenje ima negativan učinak na morfološki izgled sluznice, količinu sline,
prisutnost neugodnog zadaha, mirisnu i okusnu funkciju, pri čemu je osjet mirisa značajno više
narušen u skupini pušača konvencionalnih cigareta.Objective: To assess and compare the morphological appearance of the mucosa, prevalence of
candidiasis, presence of halitosis, olfactory and gustatory function, specific saliva attributes
(amount, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress - IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2, TNF-α, 8-OHdG)
and psychological symptoms of depression, stress and anxiety in groups of smokers of new
tobacco products without combustion (Tobacco Heating System, THS), conventional cigarette
smokers and non-smokers.
Patients and methods: 30 THS smokers, 30 conventional cigarette smokers, and 30 non
smokers were included in the study. All subjects completed the anamnestic and smoking
questionnaire, and psychological questionnaires to assess stress, depression and anxiety. Oral
examination and tests were performed (saliva secretion test, swab test, organoleptic assessment
of halitosis, olfactory and gustatory testing). The saliva samples were used for immunoenzyme
analysis of the concentrations of biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress.
Results: In both groups of smokers, a higher prevalence of morphological changes (P < 0.001),
a reduction of unstimulated saliva (P < 0.001), and the presence of halitosis (P < 0.001) were
observed. No difference was found in the prevalence of candidiasis. Conventional cigarette
smokers showed reduced olfactory function when compared to non-smokers (P = 0.001), while
THS smokers did not differ from conventional cigarette smokers or non-smokers. Gustatory
function and identification of bitter, sour and salty tastes were reduced in both smokers groups
(P < 0.001). The concentration of 8-OHdG was higher in non-smokers (P < 0.001). No
differences were observed in the concentration of cytokines. Conventional cigarette smokers
reported lower levels of perceived stress compared to non-smokers and THS smokers (P =
0.012). No association was observed between oxidative stress biomarker and psychological
symptoms.
Conclusion: Smoking adversely affects the morphological appearance of the mucosa, saliva
production, the presence of halitosis, olfactory and gustatory function, with the olfactory
function being more impaired in conventional cigarette smokers
The birth of the idea of nationalism in Europe : how Germany and France developed the awareness of the modern political movement
No full textOvaj rad se bavi razvojem ideje modernog nacionalizma na europskom tlu, s posebnim osvrtom na dva značajna predstavnika – Francusku i Njemačku. Prvi dio rada postavlja temelje za razumijevanje osnovne terminologije i društveno-povijesnog konteksta pozivajući se na autore kao što su Ernest Gellner, Anthony D. Smith i Benedict Anderson. Potom se fokus prebacuje na Francusku i njezin razvoj nacionalizma u etapama pritom dajući uvid u ulogu i važnost prosvjetiteljstva na njegov razvoj. Razrada se nastavlja proučavanjem i analizom kronološkog razvoja nacionalizma u Njemačkoj na krilima intelektualnih krugova. Posebna pažnja je posvećena samom procesu stvaranja njemačkog jedinstva u kontekstu nacije. Primarni cilj rada je na temelju konkretnih primjera Francuske i Njemačke usporediti sličnosti i razlike u koncepciji jedinstvenog fenomena nacionalizma
Društvene, emocionalne i kulturne dimenzije rituala ispijanja kave
No full textOvaj završni rad istražuje višeslojnu ulogu kave u povijesti i suvremenom društvu, s posebnim naglaskom na rituale ispijanja kave kod mladih. Kava se analizira kao društveni, ekonomski i kulturni fenomen, od svojih početaka u Etiopiji do globalnog statusnog simbola. Kroz kvalitativne intervjue s mladima identificirane su dvije glavne funkcije kave: kao socijalni katalizator i kao sredstvo za povećanje efikasnosti. Posebno se ističe važnost kafića kao “trećih mjesta” za neformalno druženje i izgradnju zajedništva. Vizualni aspekti, poput dizajna šalice i latte arta, dodatno pojačavaju emocionalni doživljaj. Kava se pojavljuje i kao “comfort food” te simbol nagrade i sigurnosti u stresnim situacijama. Individualnost rituala naglašava subjektivnost užitka i prilagodbu rituala svakom pojedincu. Rad također analizira povezanost rituala kave s konzumacijom nikotina te transformaciju kave u lifestyle simbol na društvenim mrežama. Zaključuje se da je kava višefunkcionalna – istovremeno sredstvo za uživanje, druženje i povećanje efikasnosti, a rituali ispijanja kave ima ulogu u oblikovanju društvenih struktura
FLNG Facilities as a Solution for Natural Gas Liquefaction
No full textU završnom radu analizirani su dizajn, koncept i operativni segmenti plutajućih postrojenja za ukapljivanje prirodnog plina. Obrađen je povijesni razvoj FLNG tehnologije te razlozi prihvaćanja takve tehnologije u industriji. Opisane su ključne tehnološke komponentne od samog dizajna, spremnika, sustava za iskrcaj LNG-a do sustava sidrenja. Naročita pažnja je posvećena procesu ukapljivanja prirodnog plina na FLNG postrojenjima, uključujući pripremu plina za ukapljivanje i same tehnologije ukapljivanja. U radu su dodatno razmotrene prednosti FLNG postrojenja, poput efikasnosti, manjeg utjecaja na kopnenu infrastrukturu, tehnička ograničenja i utjecaja na okoliš. Peto poglavlje donosi pregled trenutnih FLNG postrojenja u svijetu i nakon toga dolazi analiza FLNG postrojenja u zaključku.The final paper analyzes the design, concept and operational segments of floating liequefied natural gas (FLNG) facilities. It covers the historical development of FLNG technology and the reasons for the adoption of FLNG in the industry. Key technological components are disracebed, from the design itself, storage tanks, LNG offloading systems, to mooring systems. Particular attention is given to the process of natural gas liquefaction on FLNG units, including gas pre-treatment and liquefaction technologies. The advantages of FLNG facilities are discussed, such as efficiency, reduced impact on onshore infrastructure, technical limitations and enviromental impact. Chapter five provides an overview of current FLNG facilities in the world, followed by an analysis of the entire content in the conclusion
Justification of Investment in the Construction of an Agrosolar Power Plant in the Republic of Croatia
No full textBudući da korištenje obnovljivih izvora energije uključuje korištenje prirodnih energetskih resursa,
njihove su prednosti značajne. Većina tehnologija obnovljivih izvora energije koristi energiju Sunca,
vjetra, vode i dr. Kada su u pitanju izvori energije, sunčeva energija ima najviše prednosti jer ima
višestruke mogućnosti korištenja. Obzirom na daljnji globalni rast potražnje za energijom i potrebu
smanjenja emisija stakleničkih plinova, obnovljivi izvori energije postali su ključni faktor održivog
razvoja. Solarne elektrane su jedan od najbrže rastućih izvora obnovljive energije u svijetu.
Agrosolarne elektrane kombiniraju proizvodnju solarne energije s poljoprivrednim aktivnostima,
omogućujući istovremenu upotrebu zemljišta za energetsku i poljoprivrednu proizvodnju. Ovakvi
projekti mogu povećati učinkovitost korištenja zemljišta i pružiti dodatne prihode poljoprivrednicima
kroz proizvodnju obnovljive energije. Agrosolarne elektrane predstavljaju inovativni pristup koji
kombinira proizvodnju solarne energije s poljoprivrednim aktivnostima na istoj površini zemljišta. Ovaj
koncept omogućuje istovremenu proizvodnju hrane i energije, čime se povećava učinkovitost korištenja
zemljišta i doprinosi održivom razvoju. Primjenom agrosolara potiču se prije svega novi projekti,
inovacije i razvoj, a time se otvara prostor za nova radna mjesta. Upravo zbog toga bi politike države
trebale biti usmjerene prema poticanju novih tehnologija, ali i prema smanjenju brojnih legislativnih i
administrativnih prepreka razvoju novih projekata.
Istraživanje u okviru ovog specijalističkog rada na primjeru Agrosolarne elektrane u Požegi pokazalo
je da projekt ima potencijal biti isplativo ulaganje, posebno uz korištenje EU fondova i državnih poticaja
ili povoljnih kreditnih linija za poljoprivrednike. Ključni čimbenici uspjeha su: bifacijalni fotonaponski
paneli te sustav za praćenje koji prati položaj sunca i integracija s poljoprivrednom proizvodnjom.
Povrat investicije može se očekivati u roku od 10 do 12 godina, ovisno o uvjetima na tržištu i dodatnim
prihodima od poljoprivrede.
Zaključno tome, važnost promocije i razvoja agrosolarnih elektrana daje veliki doprinos zaštiti klime,
te poboljšanju kvalitete života, ali je bitno naglasiti da se ne događa preko noći. Zbog toga se smatra
potrebnim kontinuirano raditi na stvaranju čistog, sigurnog te neiscrpnog izvora kombinirane
proizvodnje energije i hrane.Since the use of renewable energy sources involves the use of natural energy resources, their advantages
are significant. Most renewable energy technologies use solar, wind, water, etc. energy. When it comes
to energy sources, solar energy has the most advantages because it has multiple possibilities for use.
Given the further global growth in energy demand and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,
renewable energy sources have become a key factor in sustainable development. Solar power plants are
one of the fastest growing sources of renewable energy in the world.
Agrosolar power plants combine solar energy production with agricultural activities, enabling the
simultaneous use of land for energy and agricultural production. Such projects can increase land use
efficiency and provide additional income to farmers through the production of renewable energy.
Agrosolar power plants represent an innovative approach that combines solar energy production with
agricultural activities on the same land area. This concept enables the simultaneous production of food
and energy, which increases land use efficiency and contributes to sustainable development. The
application of agrosolar primarily encourages new projects, innovations and development, and thus
opens up space for new jobs. That is why state policies should be aimed at encouraging new
technologies, but also at reducing numerous legislative and administrative obstacles to the development
of new projects.
Research within the framework of this specialist work on the example of the Agrosolar Power Plant in
Požega has shown that the project has the potential to be a profitable investment, especially with the
use of EU funds and state incentives or favorable credit lines for farmers. The key success factors are:
bifacial photovoltaic panels and a tracking system that tracks the position of the sun and integration
with agricultural production. The return on investment can be expected within 10 to 12 years, depending
on market conditions and additional income from agriculture.
In conclusion, the importance of promoting and developing agrosolar power plants makes a great
contribution to climate protection and improving the quality of life, but it is important to emphasize that
it does not happen overnight. Therefore, it is considered necessary to continuously work on creating a
clean, safe and inexhaustible source of combined energy and food production
Analysis of Social Media Communications in a Political Campaign
No full textPolitičari i političke stranke koriste se političkim marketingom i političkim
komunikacijama za samopromociju te pridobljavanje što većeg broja biračkog tijela. U
političkom marketingu naglasak je na biračkom tijelu, te razumijevanju želja i potreba
birača na osnovu kojih se osmišljavaju strategije nastupa i komunikacije.
Ovaj specijalistički rad istražuje ulogu i značaj društvenih mreža, posebno Facebooka, u
političkoj komunikaciji tokom predsjedničke kampanje u Hrvatskoj 2024. godine. U radu
se analizira kako političari koriste digitalne alate u svrhu samopromocije, oblikovanja
poruka i mobilizacije biračkog tijela. Polazište je da politički marketing ima sličnosti s
poslovnim marketingom, ali se temelji na komunikaciji usmjerenoj prema glasačima i
njihovim potrebama.
Rezultati ukazuju na značaj društvenih mreža u oblikovanju percepcije kandidata i
političkih poruka, ali i na ograničenja u dvosmjernoj komunikaciji s biračima. Poseban
fokus stavljen je na transformaciju političkog marketinga u digitalnom dobu i njegovu
sposobnost da poveća političku vidljivost, prepoznatljivost i angažman.Politicians and political parties use political marketing and political communications for
self-promotion and to win over as many voters as possible. In political marketing, the
emphasis is on the electorate, and understanding the wishes and needs of voters, on the
basis of which strategies of performance and communication are designed. This specialist
paper explores the role and significance of social networks, especially Facebook, in
political communication during the presidential campaign in Croatia in 2024. This paper
analyzes how politicians use digital tools for the purpose of self-promotion, shaping
messages and mobilizing the electorate. The starting point is that political marketing has
similarities with business marketing, but it is based on communication aimed at voters
and their needs.
The results indicate the importance of social networks in shaping the perception of
candidates and political messages, but also the limitations in two-way communication
with voters. A special focus is placed on the transformation of political marketing in the
digital age and its ability to increase political visibility, visibility, and engagement