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The advantages of new generation antipsychotics in the treatment of psychotic disorders
No full textPsihotični poremećaji, osobito shizofrenija, predstavljaju kompleksna stanja koja zahtijevaju dugotrajno i individualizirano farmakološko liječenje. Unatoč širokoj dostupnosti antipsihotika prve, druge i treće generacije, terapijski odgovori često su ograničeni, osobito u liječenju negativnih i kognitivnih simptoma, dok nuspojave poput ekstrapiramidnih smetnji i metaboličkih poremećaja dodatno smanjuju suradljivost pacijenata. S ciljem poboljšanja učinkovitosti i sigurnosnog profila terapije, razvijene su nove molekule i inovativni oblici primjene antipsihotika koji ciljaju različite receptorske sustave izvan dopaminergičkog puta. U ovom radu analizirani su novi i eksperimentalni antipsihotici, uključujući KarXT (xanomelin/trospium), inhalacijski loksapin, transdermalni asenapin, brilaroksazin, emraklidin, ulotaront i pimavanserin. Prikazane su njihove farmakodinamske značajke, klinička učinkovitost, profil nuspojava te potencijalna uloga u suvremenoj psihofarmakoterapiji. Rad ističe važnost daljnjih istraživanja i personaliziranog pristupa u odabiru antipsihotične terapije.Psychotic disorders, particularly schizophrenia, are complex conditions that require long-term and individualized pharmacological treatment. Despite the availability of first, second, and third generation antipsychotics, therapeutic responses often remain limited, especially in addressing negative and cognitive symptoms. Additionally, adverse effects such as extrapyramidal symptoms and metabolic disturbances frequently reduce patient adherence. In an effort to enhance treatment efficacy and safety, new antipsychotic molecules and innovative drug delivery systems have been developed, many of which target non-dopaminergic receptor pathways. This paper provides an overview of recent and experimental antipsychotics, including KarXT (xanomeline/trospium), inhaled loxapine, transdermal asenapine, brilaroxazine, emraclidine, ulotaront, and pimavanserin. Their pharmacodynamic properties, clinical efficacy, side effect profiles, and potential roles in modern psychopharmacology are discussed. The paper highlights the importance of ongoing research and a personalized approach in optimizing antipsychotic treatment
The role of pharmacogenetics in preventing the toxicity and side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
No full textNesteroidni protuupalni lijekovi široko su primjenjivani u liječenju boli, upale i povišene temperature. Iako su djelotvorni, njihova primjena može biti povezana s nuspojavama, osobito kod dugotrajne primjene i u rizičnim skupinama. U ovom preglednom radu poseban je naglasak stavljen na ulogu farmakogenetike, s fokusom na varijante enzima CYP2C9 koje značajno utječu na metabolizam određenih nesteroidnih protuupalnih lijekova, poput piroksikama, meloksikama, celekoksiba i ibuprofena.
Analizom dostupne literature prikazano je kako se prisutnost alela *2 i *3 može odraziti na farmakokinetiku i sigurnost terapije, a u skladu s tim razvijene su smjernice za prilagodbu doze ili izbor alternativnog lijeka. U radu su također istaknuti lijekovi čiji metabolizam ne ovisi o CYP2C9, poput naproksena i ketoprofena, kao potencijalno sigurnije opcije za pacijente s nepovoljnim genotipom.
Osim genetskih čimbenika, u obzir su uzeti i drugi aspekti personalizacije terapije, uključujući dob, spol, komorbiditete i politerapiju. Na temelju svega navedenog, naglašava se važnost integriranog pristupa koji povezuje farmakogenetiku s kliničkim podacima pacijenta, u svrhu optimizacije terapije i smanjenja nuspojava.Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used in the treatment of pain, inflammation, and fever. Although effective, their use may be associated with adverse effects, particularly with long-term use and in high-risk populations. This review places a particular emphasis on the role of pharmacogenetics, focusing on variants of the CYP2C9 enzyme that significantly affect the metabolism of certain NSAIDs, such as piroxicam, meloxicam, celecoxib, and ibuprofen.
An analysis of the available literature demonstrates how the presence of the *2 and *3 alleles can impact the pharmacokinetics and safety of therapy. Accordingly, guidelines have been developed for dose adjustment or the selection of alternative drugs. The paper also highlights medications whose metabolism is not dependent on CYP2C9, such as naproxen and ketoprofen, as potentially safer options for patients with unfavourable genotypes.
In addition to genetic factors, other aspects of therapy personalization were considered, including age, sex, comorbidities, and polypharmacy. Based on the findings, this review underscores the importance of an integrated approach that combines pharmacogenetics with clinical data to optimize therapy and reduce adverse effects
Comparison of aortic valve repair, David procedure and biological Bentall : graduation thesis
No full textThe biological Bentall procedure and the David operation are two well-established surgical techniques for the treatment of aortic root aneurysms and aortic valve insufficiency, with differing approaches and indications. The Bentall procedure involves composite replacement of the aortic root and valve using a biological prosthesis, making it particularly suitable for patients with significant aortic root pathology and those who are not candidates for lifelong anticoagulation. It is often preferred in emergency settings and in patients with multiple comorbidities due to its durability and reliability, albeit with slightly higher perioperative risks and a longer-term advantage in valve competence. In contrast, the David procedure is a valve-sparing technique that preserves the native aortic valve, reducing the need for anticoagulation and thus offering significant benefit to younger patients or those with connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome or Loeys-Dietz syndrome. While technically more complex and associated with longer operative times, the David operation showed lower overall mortality (2% vs 6%) and better long-term survival (98% vs 94%) in this cohort. However, it carried a slightly higher risk of reoperation for bleeding and progression of valve regurgitation over time. Patient selection is therefore critical; Bentall is favoured for older, high-risk patients or when prosthetic valve durability is essential, while David is ideal for younger, lower-risk individuals with morphologically suitable valves. Ultimately, surgical strategy must be individualised, balancing anatomical factors, genetic conditions, operative risks, and long-term valve preservation goals
Anafilaksija i anafilaktički šok u djece : diplomski rad
No full textO anafilaksiji postoje podaci koji datiraju još 2000 godine prije Krista, njezine simptome primijetili su stari Grci, a opisani su i u drevnoj Kineskoj medicinskog literaturi. Naziv anafilaksija skovao je Charles Richet koji je primijetio da protutijela nemaju isključivo zaštitničku ulogu te mogu uzrokovati bolest. Prema podacima Europskog registra za anafilaksiju, 24% upisanih pripada pedijatrijskoj populaciji, dok globalna prevalencija iznosi od 0.04-1.8%. Najveći mortalitet je u periodu adolescencije, iznosi 0.65-2%. Najčešći pokretači anafilaksije u djece jesu prehrambeni proizvodi (mlijeko i mliječni proizvodi, kikiriki, lješnjak i drugi), lijekovi (beta laktamski antibiotici, NSAR-i) te ubodi insekata. Anafilaksija je najteži tip preosjetljivosti tipa I, posredovana alergenima koji uzrokuju degranulaciju mastocita i bazofila, oslobađajući velike količine histamina i drugih medijatora s bronhokonstrikcijim, vazodilatacijskim i transudacijskim učinkom, zahvaljujući kojima nastaju karakteristični simptomi anafilaksije. U slučaju pretjerane i neliječene vazodilatacije dolazi do razvoja jednog od oblika distribucijskog šoka; anafilaktički šok sa svojom mogućom kompenziranom, dekompenziranom i ireverzibilnom fazom. Klinička slika ovisi o putu unosa alergena, dozi i stupnju senzibilizacije. Najteža klinička slika nastaje nakon intravenskog unosa alergena. Anafilaksija je isključivo klinička dijagnoza, a zbrinjavanje se vrši ABCDE metodom. Glavni i nezaobilazni lijek je adrenalin apliciran intramuskularno koji se ponavlja svakih 5-10 minuta ovisno o odgovoru. Refraktorna anafilaksija ili šok zahtjeva liječenje u jedinicama intenzivnog liječenja uz kontinuirano monitoriranje vitalnih funkcija, davanje intravenskog adrenalina i bolusa tekućina. Učinci šoka manifestiraju se disfunkcijom, potom i zatajenjem svih organskih sustava ukoliko se navedeno ne uspije terapijski zaustaviti. Prije otpusta potrebno je educirati bolesnika i njegovu obitelj o korištenju samoinjektora adrenalina i napraviti detaljan alergološki plan kako bi se smanjio rizik hospitalizacije.Historical records of anaphylaxis date back as early as 2000 BC. The ancient Greeks were among the first to recognize its symptoms, and references to anaphylactic-like reactions can also be found in classical Chinese medical literature. The term “anaphylaxis” was coined by Charles Richet, who discovered that antibodies are not solely protective but can also induce severe pathological reactions. According to the European Anaphylaxis Registry, approximately 24% of cases occur within the pediatric population. The global prevalence of anaphylaxis ranges from 0.04% to 1.8%, with the highest mortality rates observed during adolescence, estimated at 0.65% to 2%. In children, the most common triggers for anaphylaxis include food products (such as milk and dairy, peanuts, hazelnuts, and others), medications (particularly beta-lactam antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), and insect stings. Anaphylaxis represents the most severe form of type I hypersensitivity reaction. It is mediated by allergens that trigger the degranulation of mast cells and basophils, releasing significant amounts of histamine and other inflammatory mediators. These substances lead to bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and transudation, resulting in the characteristic clinical symptoms of anaphylaxis. If vasodilation is excessive and left untreated, it can lead to a distributive form of shock known as anaphylactic shock. This condition progresses through compensatory, decompensated, and eventually irreversible phases. The clinical presentation of anaphylaxis depends on the route of allergen exposure, the dose, and the individual’s level of sensitization. The most severe reactions occur with intravenous exposure to allergens. Anaphylaxis is a clinical diagnosis, meaning it relies on the recognition of symptoms rather than laboratory confirmation. Emergency management follows the ABCDE (Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure) approach. The cornerstone of treatment is intramuscular adrenaline, which should be administered promptly and repeated every 5–10 minutes depending on the patient’s response. Refractory anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock requires intensive care treatment, including intravenous adrenaline administration, fluid boluses, and continuous monitoring of vital signs. In such cases, shock can lead to multi-organ dysfunction and eventually failure. Before discharge, it is essential to educate patients and caregivers on the proper use of adrenaline auto-injectors. A detailed allergology action plan should also be provided to reduce the risk of future hospitalizations
The impact of treatment burden with intravitreal injections on treatment outcomes
No full textIntravitrealna terapija anti-VEGF lijekovima predstavlja temeljni pristup u liječenju bolesti stražnjeg segmenta oka, osobito neovaskularne senilne makularne degeneracije (nAMD), dijabetičkog makularnog edema (DME) i okluzije retinalne vene (RVO). Iako klinička ispitivanja potvrđuju visoku učinkovitost ove terapije u očuvanju i poboljšanju vidne oštrine, stvarni ishodi u svakodnevnoj praksi često su slabiji zbog prisutnosti terapijskog preopterećenja. Terapijsko preopterećenje obuhvaća fizičke, psihološke i organizacijske čimbenike koji utječu na adherenciju pacijenata i dostupnost liječenja. Česti dolasci u bolnicu, invazivnost zahvata, emocionalni stres, kao i ograničeni kapaciteti zdravstvenog sustava, mogu dovesti do propuštanja termina i smanjenja učinkovitosti terapije. Rizik od trajnog gubitka vida povećava se kod pacijenata koji primaju manje od preporučenog broja injekcija godišnje. U svrhu ublažavanja ovih izazova, razvijaju se nove terapijske strategije, uključujući dugodjelujuće lijekove, sustave za produljeno otpuštanje, kombiniranu inhibiciju VEGF-A i Ang-2 te individualizirane protokole liječenja poput „treat-and-extend“ modela. Uz to, važno je poboljšati organizaciju zdravstvenih usluga kroz telemedicinu i ostale tehnološke inovacije, edukaciju pacijenata te osnivanje specijaliziranih zdravstvenih jedinica za primjenu terapije. Cilj ovog rada je analizirati utjecaj terapijskog preopterećenja na ishod liječenja intravitrealnim injekcijama te prikazati suvremene pristupe koji omogućuju održavanje terapijske učinkovitosti uz smanjenje opterećenja za pacijente i zdravstveni sustav.Intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy represents a fundamental approach in the treatment of posterior segment eye diseases, particularly neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Although clinical trials confirm the high efficacy of this therapy in preserving and improving visual acuity, real-world outcomes are often inferior due to the presence of treatment burden. Treatment burden encompasses physical, psychological, and organizational factors that affect patient adherence and access to care. Frequent hospital visits, the invasive nature of the procedure, emotional stress, as well as limited healthcare system capacities, can lead to missed appointments and reduced treatment effectiveness. The risk of permanent vision loss increases in patients receiving fewer than the recommended number of injections per year. To mitigate these challenges, new therapeutic strategies are being developed, including long-acting drugs, sustained-release delivery systems, combined inhibition of VEGF-A and Ang-2 and individualized treatment protocols such as the “treat-and-extend” model. Additionally, improving healthcare service organization through telemedicine, patient education, and specialized clinics is crucial. The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of treatment burden on the outcomes of intravitreal injection therapy and to present contemporary approaches that enable maintaining therapeutic efficacy while reducing the burden on patients and the healthcare system
The role of moral injury in modulating symptoms of complex PTSD in veterans undergoing long-term treatment
No full textKPTSP sve se češće prepoznaje kao zaseban klinički entitet koji nastaje nakon dugotrajne, ponavljajuće traume, osobito one interpersonalne prirode. Moralna ozljeda, definirana kao duboko psihološko i egzistencijalno ranjavanje koje nastaje nakon kršenja osobnih moralnih vrijednosti, pokazuje se kao važan faktor u razumijevanju težine i otpornosti simptoma kPTSP-a. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati povezanost moralne ozljede sa simptomima kPTSP-a kod veterana Domovinskog rata uključenih u višegodišnje psihijatrijsko liječenje. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 62 veterana s dijagnozom kPTSP-a prema MKB-11 kriterijima. Rezultati su pokazali da postoji snažna povezanost moralne ozljede sa simptomima poremećaja u samoorganizaciji, osobito s afektivnom disregulacijom, negativnom slikom o sebi i poteškoćama u interpersonalnom funkcioniranju. Također je utvrđeno da veterani koji su osobno sudjelovali u moralno konfliktima događajima pokazuju višu razinu srama i ukupne moralne ozljede. Sociodemografski čimbenici nisu se pokazali značajnima u predviđanju intenziteta simptoma. Dobiveni nalazi ukazuju na potrebu za integracijom moralne dimenzije traume u dijagnostički i terapijski pristup kompleksnom PTSP-u te upućuju na važnost razmatranja moralne ozljede kao ključnog kliničkog i teorijskog konstrukta u razumijevanju ratne psihotraume.Complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) is increasingly recognized as a distinct clinical entity arising from prolonged and repetitive trauma, particularly of interpersonal nature. Moral injury, defined as a deep psychological and existential wound resulting from the violation of one’s moral values, has emerged as a significant factor in understanding the severity and persistence of CPTSD symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine the association between moral injury and CPTSD symptoms among Croatian Homeland War veterans undergoing long-term psychiatric treatment. The study included 62 veterans diagnosed with CPTSD according to ICD-11 criteria. Findings revealed a strong association between moral injury and disturbances in self-organization, particularly affective dysregulation, negative self-concept, and relational difficulties. Veterans who reported having personally committed or omitted morally injurious acts exhibited significantly higher levels of shame and overall moral injury. Sociodemographic variables were not significant predictors of symptom severity. These findings underscore the importance of integrating the moral dimension of trauma into the diagnostic and therapeutic framework of CPTSD and highlight moral injury as a central clinical and conceptual construct in the understanding of war-related trauma
Public relations in higher education
No full textOdnosi s javnošću predstavljaju jedan od najvažnijih komunikacijskih kanala i posrednika između institucija ili organizacija i njihovih javnosti. Kada je riječ o visokoobrazovnim institucijama, odnosi s javnošću također imaju značajnu ulogu u uspostavljanju i održavanju komunikacije s različitim javnostima, ali i u stvaranju brenda i pozitivnog imidža institucije. Budući da studenti u najvećoj mjeri čine javnost visokoobrazovne institucije, svrha je ovog diplomskog rada istražiti stavove studenata o ulozi odnosa s javnošću visokoobrazovne institucije. Teorijski dio rada čine odnosi s javnošću kao komunikacijski kanal te odnosi s javnošću u visokoobrazovnim institucijama s naglaskom na ulogu istih u izgradnji imidža i brenda navedenih institucija, dok je istraživački dio rada temeljen na ispitivanju stavova ispitanika o radu odnosa s javnošću visokoobrazovne institucije. Provedeno je primarno istraživanje metodom anketiranja na primjeru jedne visokoobrazovne institucije u Republici Hrvatskoj, a analiza je podataka provedena putem metode korelacije i linearne regresije. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da odnosi s javnošću u visokoobrazovnoj instituciji imaju značajnu ulogu u stvaranju i oblikovanju prepoznatljivosti i brenda visokoobrazovne institucije, a ujedno služe i kao alat za stvaranje studentske lojalnosti.Public relations represents one of the most important communication channels and mediators between institutions or organizations, and their public. In terms of higher education institutions, public relations play a significant role in establishing and maintaining communication with different publics. They also contribute to creating a positive image of the institution and its brand. Students are the most numbered public of a higher education institution and the purpose of this thesis is to investigate students' views on the role of public relations in a higher education institution. The theoretical framework consists of defining public relations as a communication channel, the same as public relations in higher education institutions, with an emphasis on their role in building the image and brand of the mentioned institutions. Primary research was conducted using the survey method of one of the higher education institutions in the Republic of Croatia. The research part of the paper is based on examining the respondents' views on the work of public relations of higher education institutions, and data analysis was conducted using the correlation and linear regression method. The obtained results indicate that public relations in a higher education institution play a significant role in creating and shaping the recognition and brand of the higher education institution, and at the same time serve as a tool for creating student loyalty
Content and evaluation od prenatal education in Primorsko-goranska county
No full textTečajevi za trudnice ključni su dio pripreme za porođaj i roditeljstvo, pružajući trudnicama i njihovim partnerima informacije o trudnoći, porođaju, dojenju, babinju i psihološkim aspektima roditeljstva. Cilj istraživanja uključuje evaluaciju kvalitete trudničkih tečajeva u Primorsko-goranskoj županiji prema njihovoj usklađenosti sa smjernicama UNICEF-a te analizu zastupljenosti primalja u odnosu na druge profesije. Istraživanje se temelji na analizi programa, trajanja i strukture tečajeva provedenih u razdoblju od 2018. do 2022. godine u deset domova zdravlja, Kliničkom bolničkom centru (KBC) Rijeka, Poliklinici Finderle i Centru za perinatalnu psihologiju i rano roditeljstvo. Rezultati su pokazali razlike u podudarnosti tema sa smjernicama UNICEF-a među ustanovama, pri čemu Centar za perinatalnu psihologiju i rano roditeljstvo ima najveći postotak (70%) dok Dom zdravlja Mali Lošinj ima najmanji postotak (30%). Trajanje tečajeva pokazuje značajna odstupanja od smjernica, tako Dom zdravlja Čavle ima najveću podudarnost u trajanju tečaja (70,59%), a KBC Rijeka ima najmanju podudarnost (32,35%). Također, primijećena je i niža zastupljenost primalja među predavačima (4% bacc.obs., 2% mag.obs.), što ukazuje na potrebu za većom integracijom primalja u edukacijske programe. Zbog pandemije COVID-19, mnogi su se tečajevi prilagodili online formatima čime su sami tečajevi postali dostupniji, ali su imali izazove u pogledu interaktivnosti i praktičnih vježbi. Iako se trudnički tečajevi svakodnevno nastavljaju razvijati, ovo istraživanje ukazuje na potrebu za standardizacijom programa i većim uključivanjem primalja kako bi se osigurala kvalitetnija priprema trudnica za porođaj i roditeljstvo.Prenatal education is a key part of preparation for childbirth and parenting, providing pregnant women and their partners with information on pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding, postpartum care, and the psychological aspects of parenting. The aim of the research includes evaluating the quality of prenatal education in the Primorsko-goranska County according to their compliance with UNICEF guidelines and analyzing the representation of midwives compared to other professions. The research is based on an analysis of the programs, duration, and structure of classes conducted from 2018 to 2022 in ten health care centers, the Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka (KBC Rijeka), the Finderle Polyclinic, and the Center for Perinatal Psychology and Early Parenthood. The results revealed differences in the alignment of topics with UNICEF guidelines among institutions, with the Center for Perinatal Psychology and Early Parenthood achieving the highest compliance rate (70%), while the Mali Lošinj Health Center had the lowest rate (30%). The duration of classes showed significant deviations from the guidelines, with Čavle Health Center having the highest alignment in duration (70.59%) and KBC Rijeka the lowest (32.35%). A lower representation of midwives among instructors (4% bacc.obs., 2% mag.obs.) was also noted, indicating the need for greater integration of midwives into educational programs. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many classes transitioned to online formats, increasing accessibility but posing challenges in interactivity and practical exercises. Although antenatal education continue to evolve daily, this research highlights the need for program standardization and greater involvement of midwives to ensure better preparation for childbirth and parenting
The role of social comparison, body surveillance, and body shame in explaining the relationship between social media use and eating disorder symptoms
No full textCilj provedenog istraživanja bio je ispitati efekte korištenja društvenih mreža na simptome poremećaja hranjenja, putem socijalne usporedbe, nadziranja tijela i tjelesnog srama kod adolescenata. Istraživanje je provedeno u nekoliko srednjih škola Karlovačke županije, tijekom satova razrednog odjela. Podaci su prikupljeni metodom papir-olovka. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 295 ispitanika, od čega 198 djevojaka i 97 mladića, u dobi od 14 do 19 godina (M = 16.27, SD = 1.22). U istraživanju su korištene sljedeće mjere: Skala usporedbe tjelesnog izgleda, Skala objektivizirane tjelesne svjesnosti i Upitnik navika hranjenja. Prikupljeni su i potrebni demografski podaci te je ispitana učestalost korištenja društvenih mreža, kao i vrste sadržaja koji sudionici prate na društvenim mrežama. Dobiveni rezultati djelomično su potvrdili postavljene hipoteze. Dobivene su značajne pozitivne korelacije između socijalne usporedbe i praćenja profila slavnih osoba, zatim između nadziranja tijela i praćenja profila slavnih osoba, influencera te profila vezanih za hranu i/ili recepte. Dobivena je i značajna pozitivna korelacija između tjelesnog srama i praćenja profila vezanih za sport i/ili fitness te profila vezanih za hranu i/ili recepte. Dobivene su spolne razlike u korist djevojaka u socijalnoj usporedbi, nadziranju tijela, tjelesnom sramu i simptomima poremećaja hranjenja. Socijalna usporedba i tjelesni sram značajno su objasnili dio varijance simptoma poremećaja hranjenja te je dobivena medijacijska uloga tjelesnog srama u odnosu između nadziranja tijela i simptoma poremećaja hranjenja. Rezultati istraživanja doprinose dosadašnjem stupnju spoznaja o odnosu između korištenja društvenih mreža i nepovoljnih ishoda na mentalno zdravlje, kao što su poremećaji hranjenja. Dobiveni rezultati imaju praktične implikacije koje se tiču terapijskih intervencija i planiranja programa prevencije.The aim of this study was to examine the effects of social media use on eating disorder symptoms through social comparison, body surveillance, and body shame among adolescents. This research was conducted in several high schools in the Karlovac County, during class hours. Data were collected using a paper-and-pencil method. A total of 295 participants in this study included 198 girls and 97 boys, aged 14 to 19 years (M = 16.27, SD = 1.22). The following measures were used in this study: Physical Appearance Comparison Scale, The Objectified Body Conscious Scale, and Eating Attitudes Test. Demographic data were collected, as well as the frequency of social media use and the types of content participants follow on social media. The obtained results partially confirmed the proposed hypotheses. Significant positive correlations were found between social comparison and following celebrity profiles, as well as between body surveillance and following celebrity profiles, influencer profiles, and profiles related to food and/or recipes. A significant positive correlation was also found between body shame and following profiles related to sports and/or fitness, as well as profiles related to food and/or recipes. Gender differences were evident, with girls reporting higher levels of social comparison, body surveillance, body shame, and eating disorder symptoms. Social comparison and body shame significantly accounted for a portion of the variance in eating disorder symptoms, and body shame was confirmed as a mediator in the relationship between body surveillance and eating disorder symptoms. These findings enhance our understanding of the relationship between social media use and adverse mental health outcomes, such as eating disorders. Obtained results also have practical implications for therapeutic interventions and prevention programs planning
The role of social comparison, body surveillance, and body shame in explaining the relationship between social media use and eating disorder symptoms
No full textCilj provedenog istraživanja bio je ispitati efekte korištenja društvenih mreža na simptome poremećaja hranjenja, putem socijalne usporedbe, nadziranja tijela i tjelesnog srama kod adolescenata. Istraživanje je provedeno u nekoliko srednjih škola Karlovačke županije, tijekom satova razrednog odjela. Podaci su prikupljeni metodom papir-olovka. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 295 ispitanika, od čega 198 djevojaka i 97 mladića, u dobi od 14 do 19 godina (M = 16.27, SD = 1.22). U istraživanju su korištene sljedeće mjere: Skala usporedbe tjelesnog izgleda, Skala objektivizirane tjelesne svjesnosti i Upitnik navika hranjenja. Prikupljeni su i potrebni demografski podaci te je ispitana učestalost korištenja društvenih mreža, kao i vrste sadržaja koji sudionici prate na društvenim mrežama. Dobiveni rezultati djelomično su potvrdili postavljene hipoteze. Dobivene su značajne pozitivne korelacije između socijalne usporedbe i praćenja profila slavnih osoba, zatim između nadziranja tijela i praćenja profila slavnih osoba, influencera te profila vezanih za hranu i/ili recepte. Dobivena je i značajna pozitivna korelacija između tjelesnog srama i praćenja profila vezanih za sport i/ili fitness te profila vezanih za hranu i/ili recepte. Dobivene su spolne razlike u korist djevojaka u socijalnoj usporedbi, nadziranju tijela, tjelesnom sramu i simptomima poremećaja hranjenja. Socijalna usporedba i tjelesni sram značajno su objasnili dio varijance simptoma poremećaja hranjenja te je dobivena medijacijska uloga tjelesnog srama u odnosu između nadziranja tijela i simptoma poremećaja hranjenja. Rezultati istraživanja doprinose dosadašnjem stupnju spoznaja o odnosu između korištenja društvenih mreža i nepovoljnih ishoda na mentalno zdravlje, kao što su poremećaji hranjenja. Dobiveni rezultati imaju praktične implikacije koje se tiču terapijskih intervencija i planiranja programa prevencije.The aim of this study was to examine the effects of social media use on eating disorder symptoms through social comparison, body surveillance, and body shame among adolescents. This research was conducted in several high schools in the Karlovac County, during class hours. Data were collected using a paper-and-pencil method. A total of 295 participants in this study included 198 girls and 97 boys, aged 14 to 19 years (M = 16.27, SD = 1.22). The following measures were used in this study: Physical Appearance Comparison Scale, The Objectified Body Conscious Scale, and Eating Attitudes Test. Demographic data were collected, as well as the frequency of social media use and the types of content participants follow on social media. The obtained results partially confirmed the proposed hypotheses. Significant positive correlations were found between social comparison and following celebrity profiles, as well as between body surveillance and following celebrity profiles, influencer profiles, and profiles related to food and/or recipes. A significant positive correlation was also found between body shame and following profiles related to sports and/or fitness, as well as profiles related to food and/or recipes. Gender differences were evident, with girls reporting higher levels of social comparison, body surveillance, body shame, and eating disorder symptoms. Social comparison and body shame significantly accounted for a portion of the variance in eating disorder symptoms, and body shame was confirmed as a mediator in the relationship between body surveillance and eating disorder symptoms. These findings enhance our understanding of the relationship between social media use and adverse mental health outcomes, such as eating disorders. Obtained results also have practical implications for therapeutic interventions and prevention programs planning