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Emotional and cognitive functioning in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
No full textSindrom policističnih jajnika (engl. polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS) danas se smatra jednim od najučestalijih endokrinih poremećaja u populaciji žena reproduktivne dobi koji značajno utječe na kvalitetu života tih žena. Posljednjih godina raste broj istraživanja koja ispituju psihološke aspekte ovog sindroma. Međutim, na hrvatskoj populaciji još uvijek nisu provedena takva istraživanja. Dosadašnja istraživanja ukazuju na narušeno emocionalno funkcioniranje kod žena sa PCOS-om, dok su istraživanja kognitivnog funkcioniranja i odnosa emocionalnog i kognitivnog funkcioniranja malobrojna, a nalazi nekonzistentni. Stoga je ovo istraživanje imalo za cilj ispitati razlike u razinama samoprocijenjene anksioznosti i depresivnosti, implicitne anksioznosti i agresivnosti te inhibicijske kontrole između žena sa PCOS-om i kontrolne skupine. Još jedan cilj bio je ispitati odnos između emocionalnih aspekata funkcioniranja i inhibicijske kontrole, kao jedne od dimenzija izvršnih funkcija. U ovom je istraživanju sudjelovalo 137 ispitanica u dobi od 18 do 40 godina, od čega 48 žena sa PCOS-om i 89 zdravih žena koje su činile kontrolnu skupinu. U svrhu mjerenja emocionalnih aspekata funkcioniranja korištena je Bolnička ljestvica za mjerenje anksioznosti i depresivnosti i Testovi implicitnih asocijacija (engl. Implicit association tests, IAT) za mjerenje anksioznosti i agresivnosti, dok je inhibicijska kontrola ispitivana pomoću verzije Eriksenovih zadataka sa strelicama (engl. Arrows flanker task). U usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom, žene sa PCOS-om doživljavale su podjednake razine samoprocijenjene anksioznosti i depresivnosti te implicitne anksioznosti i agresivnosti. Skupine se nisu značajno razlikovale ni u prevalenciji pojedinih razina simptoma anksioznosti i depresivnosti. Međutim, gotovo polovina žena iz obiju skupina doživljavala je povišene razine anksioznosti. Nadalje, žene sa PCOS-om nisu se razlikovale od kontrolne skupine ni u izvedbi na zadatku inhibicijske kontrole. Rezultati na nekompatibilnom uvjetu IAT-a za mjerenje agresivnosti značajno su negativno korelirali s vremenima reakcije kongruentnog i neutralnog uvjeta zadatka inhibicijske kontrole u skupini žena sa PCOS-om, što upućuje da veće razine implicitne agresivnosti dovode do brže izvedbe na navedenim uvjetima zadatka inhibicijske kontrole. Rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazuju na potrebu za redovitim praćenjem emocionalnog funkcioniranja kako žena sa PCOS-om, tako i mlađih odraslih žena, nadopuna su nalazima dosadašnjih istraživanja te pružaju bolji uvid u psihološko funkcioniranje žena sa PCOS-om.Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is currently considered one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age, which significantly affects their quality of life. In recent years, a growing body of research has examined the psychological aspects of this syndrome. However, such research has not yet been conducted within the Croatian population. Previous studies indicate impaired emotional functioning in women with PCOS, while studies exploring cognitive functioning and the relationship between emotional and cognitive functioning are rare and their findings are inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to examine differences in levels of self-reported anxiety and depression, implicit anxiety and aggressiveness and inhibitory control between women with PCOS and control group. Another objective was to explore the relationship between emotional aspects of functioning and inhibitory control, as one of the dimensions of executive functions. A total of 137 female participants aged between 18 and 40 took part in this study, of whom 48 women with PCOS and 89 healthy controls. Self-reported anxiety and depression levels were assessed using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), while the Implicit Association Tests (IAT) were used to measure implicit anxiety and aggressiveness. Inhibitory control was assessed using the Eriksen arrows flanker task. Compared to the control group, women with PCOS reported similar levels of self-reported anxiety and depression, as well as implicit anxiety and aggressiveness. The groups did not significantly differ neither in the prevalence of particular levels of anxiety and depression symptoms. However, nearly half of the women in both groups reported elevated levels of anxiety. Additionally, there were no significant differences between women with PCOS and healthy controls in terms of performance on the inhibitory control task. In the PCOS group, results from the incongruent condition of the IAT-aggressiveness were significantly negatively correlated with reaction times in the congruent and neutral conditions of the inhibitory control task, suggesting that higher levels of implicit aggressiveness are associated with faster performance on those task conditions. The results of this study highlight the importance of regular monitoring of emotional functioning in both women with PCOS and young adult women in general. These findings contribute to the existing body of literature and provide better insight into the psychological functioning of women with PCOS
Marine casualty investigation system in European Union waters
No full textPomorske nesreće predstavljaju izazov za Europsku uniju radi njihovih sigurnosnih, ekoloških i ekonomskih posljedica na pomorski promet, a koji je važan za protok dobara i povezanosti zemalja članica EU. Ovaj diplomski rad istražuje pravne, organizacijske i tehničke aspekte istraživanja pomorskih nesreća i analizira uzroke, posljedice te statističke vrijednosti pomorskih nesreća u vodama EU. Proučavanjem međunarodnih i europskih pravnih okvira, uključujući Direktivu 2009/18/EZ, Kodeks IMO-a te MLC konvenciju, analiziraju se obveze država članica kada je riječ o istraživanju nesreća, provođenju sigurnosnih istraga te obavještavanju putem EMCIP platforme. Naglasak je stavljen na važnost Europske agencije za pomorsku sigurnost (EMSA) i ulogu EMCIP baze podataka u analizi vrijednosti pomorskih nesreća i distribuciji sigurnosnih preporuka u pomorskom sektoru. Analiza obuhvaća učestalost i uzroke pomorskih nesrećama te krajnje posljedice poput sudara i potonuća brodova. Razne analize ističu ljudski faktor kao glavni uzrok u većini nesreća. Sustavna analiza prethodnih pomorskih nezgoda može značajno doprinijeti smanjenju broja i ozbiljnosti takvih nesrećama u budućnosti kroz implementaciju naučenih lekcija.Marine casualties represent a major challenge for the European Union due to their safety, environmental and economic consequences on maritime transport which is important for the flow of goods and the connectivity of EU Member States. This thesis examines the legal, organisational and technical aspects of maritime accident investigations and analyses the causes, consequences and statistical value of maritime accidents in EU waters. By examining the international and European legal frameworks, including Directive 2009/18/EC, the IMO Code and the MLC Convention, the obligations of Member States regarding accident investigations, the conduct of safety investigations and reporting via the EMCIP platform are analysed. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) and the role of the EMCIP database in analysing the value of maritime accidents and distributing safety recommendations in the maritime sector. The analysis covers the frequency and causes of maritime accidents and the ultimate consequences such as collisions and sinkings of ships. Various analyses highlight the human factor as the main cause in most accidents. Systematic analysis of previous maritime accidents can significantly contribute to reducing the number and severity of such accidents in the future through the implementation of lessons learned
Specific features of the safety system on passenger cruise ships
No full textTema ovog završnog rada su posebnosti sustava sigurnosti na brodovima za kružna putovanja, koje imaju ključnu uloga u aspektu osiguravanja zaštite ljudskih života putnika i posade na moru. S obzirom na razne izazove, od iznenadnih vremenskih nepogoda do tehnoloških kvarova, sustav sigurnosti na putničkim brodovima za kružna putovanja mora biti izuzetno razvijen, učinkovit i prilagođen različitim vrstama opasnosti. Posada i putnici moraju biti upoznati s pravilnim rukovanjem sredstava za spašavanje te s pravilnim načinom ponašanja u slučaju opće uzbune, dok posada mora imati i vještine u upravljanju putnicima, uključujući smirenost u kriznim situacijama, komunikaciju s putnicima, te pružanje prve pomoći.The topic of this work is the specific features of the safety system on passenger cruise ships, which play a key role in ensuring the protection of human lives, both of passengers and crew, at sea. Given the various challenges, from sudden weather changes to technological failures, the safety system on passenger cruise ships must be highly developed, efficient, and adapted to different types of hazards. The crew and passengers must be familiar with the proper handling of lifesaving equipment and the correct behavior in the event of a general alarm, while the crew must also have skills in managing passengers, including staying calm in crisis situations, communicating with passengers, and providing first aid
The Relationship Between Positive Youth Development and School Climate – Results of a Longitudinal Panel Study
No full textModel 5C nastoji objasniti kako interakcije adolescenata s
okolinom pridonose pozitivnom razvoju mladih, pri čemu su
indikatori pozitivnog razvoja kompetencije, samosvijest, karakter,
brižnost i povezanost. Dosadašnja presječna istraživanja poka-
zuju da pozitivna školska klima znatno predviđa snažniji razvoj
ovih indikatora, ali i da ovi indikatori predviđaju pozitivniju
školsku klimu. Ovim je longitudinalnim istraživanjem ispitana
povezanost modela 5C i školske klime te njihov međusobni
utjecaj kroz vrijeme. Rezultati pokazuju da pozitivna školska
klima pridonosi razvoju svih 5C indikatora, dok učenici s razvije-
nom odgovornosti i socijalnom svijesti te dobrim odnosima s
vršnjacima i nastavnicima pridonose boljoj školskoj klimi. Ovi
nalazi naglašavaju važnost poticanja suradnje i individualizira-
noga pristupa učenicima s različitim kompetencijama i akadem-
skim dostignućima.The 5C model seeks to explain how adolescents' interactions
with their environment contribute to positive youth
development, with the indicators of positive development
being competence, confidence, character, caring and
connection. Previous cross-sectional research has shown that
a positive school climate significantly predicts greater
development of these indicators, but also that these
indicators predict a more positive school climate. This
longitudinal study examined the relationship between the 5C
model and school climate and their mutual influence over
time. The results show that a positive school climate
contributes to the development of all 5C indicators, while
students with a developed sense of responsibility and social
awareness and good relationships with peers and teachers
contribute to a better school climate. These findings deepen
the understanding of the bidirectional links between the
school environment and adaptive developmental outcomes
and emphasise the importance of promoting cooperation
and an individualised approach for students with different
competencies and academic performance
The protective effect of chestnut honey against oxidative stress and cyto/genotoxicity produced by UVB irradiation established in vitro
No full textIntroduction: Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is a physical agent ubiquitously present in the environment that triggers inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, and DNA instability, potentially leading to various pathological conditions and diseases. In this study, we assessed whether Croatian certified organic chestnut honey (CH), with high polyphenol content, has protective properties against UVB-induced oxidative and cyto/genotoxic effects and, if it could therefore be considered as a functional food or functional ingredient in cosmetic formulations. Methods: Whole human peripheral blood and isolated lymphocytes were treated with CH in an amount relevant for potential dietary use and 10-fold higher before (pre-treatment) and after (post-treatment) exposure to UVB radiation at 2 kJ/m2. Oxidative stress markers [reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation] were measured in separated plasma. Cytotoxic effects in lymphocytes were studied using the fluorescent assay with acridine orange and ethidium bromide, including identification and quantification of apoptotic and necrotic cells. DNA damage in lymphocytes was evaluated using the alkaline comet assay. Results: The tested CH showed a tendency to reduce oxidative stress in plasma induced by UVB radiation and reduced DNA damage in UVB-irradiated lymphocytes protecting them from cell death. Overall, these observed beneficial effects of CH were achieved at 1 mg/mL, which corresponds to the average daily intake both when applied as pre-treatment and post-treatment following UVB exposure. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide preliminary evidence on the in vitro protective effects of the tested organic CH; however, further confirmatory research is needed
Fundamental analysis of company AD Plastik Ltd.
No full textBefore making a decision about whether to invest money into a company or to pass on it, an investor should get to know the firm inside and out. This is done through the process of fundamental analysis. Fundamental analysis is a type of analysis that looks at the company's qualitative and quantitative factors that can influence its price, taking into account various things like the company's financials, investment risk, market overview and state of the economy. When calculating the intrinsic value of an asset, an investor has many different approaches. Two of the most commonly used methods are discounted cash flow (DCF for short) and peer/relative analysis. The DCF method is a technique of valuation with a purpose of estimating the present value of an asset based on future expected cash flows, while relative analysis compares an asset with similar publicly traded assets within the same industry and sector. Both of those methods will be used in this paper to value the company AD Plastik d.d.
The company AD Plastik is a Croatian automotive parts company with roots all the way back in 1952, when it operated under the name Jugoplastika. They are a leader in Croatian automotive markets, and they supply plastic car parts. The company launched its stock on the Zagreb Stock Exchange in 1995 at the price of 13 HRK or 1.72EUR under the ticker ADPL
Maritime Liquid Cargo Market
No full textOvaj diplomski rad bavi se analizom pomorskog tržišta tekućeg tereta, s posebnim osvrtom na tankersko brodarstvo i čimbenike koji oblikuju njegovu dinamiku. U radu se razmatraju podjela i karakteristike pomorskog tržišta, uključujući cikličnost i sezonalnost, razrađuje se pojam učinkovitog tržišta. Poseban dio rada namijenjen je brodovima za prijevoz tekućih tereta poput ''prljavih'' i ''čistih'' tankera te LNG/LPG brodova. Analizira se i uloga međunarodnih organizacija poput IMO-a, BIMCO-a i INTERTANKO-a, te se prilažu privitci ugovora koji se koriste u prijevozu tekućih tereta. Završni dio rada posvećen je analizi tržišta tekućeg tereta u 2024. godini, pri čemu se koriste statički podatci i grafikoni za prikaz aktualnih trendova i kretanje vozarina. Rad pruža cjelovit uvid u strukturu i funkcioniranje tržišta tekućeg tereta, uz prikaz glavnih izazova i prednosti koje utječu na njegov razvoj.This thesis focuses on the analysis of the maritime liquid cargo market, with particular emphasis on tanker shipping and the factors that shape its dynamics. The thesis examines the structure and characteristics of the maritime market, including its cyclicality and seasonality, and elaborates on the concept of an efficient market. A dedicated section of the thesis addresses ships used for transporting liquid cargoes, such as ''dirty'' and ''clean'' tankers, as well as LNG and LPG carriers. The role of international organizations such as the IMO, BIMCO and INTERTANKO is also analysed, and attachments of contracts used in liquid cargo transport are included. The final part of the thesis is devoted to an analysis of the liquid cargo market in 2024, using statistical data and charts to illustrate current trends and freight rate developments. The thesis provides a comprehensive overview of the structure and the functioning of the liquid cargo market, highlighting the main challenges and advantages that influence its development
The Preventive Power of the Mediterranean Diet Against Blue-Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration: Is the Secret in the Herbs and Spices?
No full textThe Mediterranean diet, rich in plant-based foods, healthy fats, and herbs, has long been associated with a range of health benefits, including cardiovascular, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects. Recent studies suggest that certain components of this diet, particularly spices such as bay laurel, thyme, oregano, sage, and rosemary, may play a critical role in protecting the retina from oxidative damage, a key factor in blue-light-induced retinal degeneration. Blue light, emitted by digital screens and artificial lighting, has been implicated in the development of retinal conditions like age-related macular degeneration by inducing oxidative stress and inflammation. This review explores the potential of the herbs and spices commonly present in the Mediterranean diet to mitigate blue-light-induced retinal damage. These herbs are rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, essential oils, and terpenes, which offer antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, contributing to retinal health and reducing oxidative damage. By focusing on bioactive compounds such as eucalyptol (1,8-cineole), rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, eugenol, and thymol, this article investigates how these herbs and spices might act as natural protectants against blue-light-induced stress and retinal degeneration. The findings highlight the promising role of these culinary staples in preventing retinal damage and offer insights into future dietary recommendations for eye health in an increasingly digital world
Profitability of Investment in Unintegrated Solar Power Plants: the Example of the SPP Zagreb Holding In Savudrija Camp
No full textZagrebački holding ima u svom portfelju u sklopu podružnice Vladimir Nazor kamp Savudrija
u Istri s ogromnim potencijalom vlastite proizvodnje električne energije koju bi proizvodili
za vlastitu potrošnju u sklopu izgradnje neintegrirane sunčane elektrane od 1 MW. Cijene
energenata posebice električne energije predstavljaju jedan od ključnih čimbenika u sustavu
Zagrebačkog holdinga, odnosno podružnice Vladimir Nazor koji ukazuju na potrebu
obavljanja djelatnosti proizvodnje električne energije za vlastitu potrošnju . Navedeni projekt
predstavljao bi veću energetsku učinkovitost obnovljivih izvora energije a koji bi povećanjem
udjela u vlastitoj proizvodnji električne energije trebali doprinijeti smanjenju troškova,
postizanju klimatskih ciljeva posebice smanjenju CO2, ali i održivoj tržišno ekonomskoj
isplativosti za korisnike usluga u kampu Savudrija. Isplativost i predvidivost projekta izgradnje
neintegrirane Sunčane elektrane ZGH – Savudrija, osigurala bi osim ušteda koje će se postizati
proizvodnjom električne energije, uštede će se dodatno ostvariti mjerama komercijalne politike
odnosno zadržavanja konkurentnih cijena dugoročno te pomoću isporuke viška električne
energije koju će ZGH isporučivati u distribucijsku mrežu. Iz tog razloga, učinkovito upravljanje
putem vlastite proizvodnje električne energije u ekonomskom segmentu jedan je od najvažnijih
poslovnih ciljeva ZGH – podružnice Vladimir Nazor . U radu se istražuje utjecaj proizvodnje
električne energije za vlastitu potrošnju i utjecaj viška električne energije u distribucijskoj mreži
na poslovni rezultat ZGH – podružnice Vladimir Nazor. Izvršeno istraživanje utjecaja ukupnih
prihoda ostvarenih od proizvodnje električne energije na poslovni rezultat ZGH u uvjetima
promjenjivih cijena električne energije i uvjetima dinamičnije provedbe plana smanjivanja
gubitaka. Provedeno je istraživanje utjecaja jedinične cijene nabave električne energije za
pokazatelje budućih prihoda koji utječu na poslovni rezultat, a rezultati istraživanja su potvrdili
da je udio troškova električne energije u ukupnim operativnim troškovima ZGH – podružnice
Vladimir Nazor odnosno kampa Savudrija značajan i ima značajan utjecaj na ukupni poslovni
rezultat, da cijena nabave električne energije za pokriće gubitaka ima značajan utjecaj na
ukupne troškove te na ukupne poslovne prihode i ključne poslovne indikatore ZGH -a te da
količina godišnje proizvodnje električne energije ima značajan utjecaj na ukupni poslovni
rezultat ZGH podružnice Vladimir Nazor što iziskuje još ambiciozniji dinamički plan
distribucije električne energije u druge podružnice ZGH-a ili prodaje električne energije
distributeru.Zagreb holding has in its portfolio, as part of the Vladimir Nazor branch, the Savudrija camp in
Istria with a huge potential for its own electricity production, which it would produce for its
own consumption as part of the construction of a non-integrated solar power plant of 1 MW.
The prices of energy sources of special electricity represent one of the key factors in the system
of the Zagreb Holding, i.e. the Vladimir Nazor branch, which indicate the need for the
production of electricity for own consumption. The mentioned project would represent a higher
energy efficiency of renewable energy sources, which by increasing the share in own electricity
production should contribute to reducing costs, achieving climate goals, primarily CO2
reduction, but also sustainable market economic profitability for users of services in the
Savudrija camp. The cost-effectiveness and predictability of the project for the construction of
the non-integrated solar power plant ZGH - Savudrija, would be ensured in addition to the
savings that will be achieved through the production of electricity, the savings will be
additionally achieved by commercial policy measures, i.e. maintaining competitive prices in
the long term and by means of the delivery of excess electricity that will be supplied by ZGH.
into the distribution network. . For this reason, efficient management through own production
of electricity in the economic segment is one of the most important business goals of ZGH -
Vladimir Nazor branch. The paper investigates the impact of electricity production on selfconsumption and the impact of excess electricity in the distribution network on the business
results of ZGH - Vladimir Nazor branch. Conducted research on the impact of total revenues
generated from electricity production on the business result of ZGH in conditions of changing
electricity prices and conditions of dynamic implementation of the loss reduction plan.
Research was carried out on the influence of the unit price of electricity purchase for indicators
of future income that affect the business result, and the results of the research confirmed that
the share of energy costs in the total electrical operating costs of ZGH - Vladimir Nazor branch,
i.e. the Savudrija camp, is significant and has a significant impact on the overall business result.
result, that the price of purchasing electricity to cover losses has a significant impact on total
costs and on total business income and key business indicators of ZGH, and that the amount of
annual electricity production has a significant impact on the overall business result of ZGH
branch Vladimir Nazor, which requires an even more ambitious a dynamic plan for the
distribution of electricity to other branches of ZGH or the sale of electricity to a distributor
Success Indicators of Consumer Eggs Production Companies
No full textS obzirom da proizvodnja konzumnih jaja ima velik značaj u peradarstvu, koje se svrstava u
vodeću stočarsku granu sa stalnim trendom rasta te s obzirom na visoku godišnju potrošnju
konzumnih jaja po stanovniku, od značaja je utvrditi odrednice uspješnosti poduzeća u
proizvodnji konzumnih jaja. Provedenim su istraživanjem obuhvaćena poduzeća u
proizvodnji konzumnih jaja u Republici Hrvatskoj i Sloveniji te posebno ZPO Tomažin. Pet
najvećih država proizvođača konzumnih jaja zauzima 63% cjelokupnog tržišta proizvodnje
konzumnih jaja u EU. Provedenom ekonometrijskom analizom za razdoblje od 2017. do
2021. godine kojom se ispitivao utjecaj na zavisne varijable povrata na imovinu (ROA) i
povrata na kapital (ROE) utvrđeni su čimbenici uspješnosti poduzeća u proizvodnji
konzumnih jaja. Poduzeća u djelatnosti proizvodnje konzumnih jaja koja imaju visoku
poslovnu učinkovitost mjereno s rastom prodaje, obrtajem ukupne imovine i ulaganjima u
dugotrajnu imovinu te poduzeća koja ostvaruju veći novčani tok i duže posluju ostvaruju
višu profitabilnost. Analizom financijskih pokazatelja uspješnosti obrta ZPO Tomažin,
utvrđeno je da unatoč smanjenoj profitabilnosti i likvidnosti obrt stabilno posluje,
kontinuirano ulaže u dugotrajnu imovinu i ima dobru kapitaliziranost i poslovnu učinkovitost
te financijsku snagu te se u narednom razdoblju očekuje dodatno povećanje uspješnosti
poslovanja.Considering the significant importance of consumer egg production in poultry farming,
which falls within the leading livestock sector with a consistent growth trend, and given the
high annual consumption of consumer eggs per capita, it is essential to identify the
determinants of success for companies engaged in consumer egg production. This research
encompasses companies engaged in consumer egg production in Croatia and Slovenia, with
a specific focus on the ZPO Tomažin. The five largest egg-producing countries collectively
hold 63% of the total consumer egg production market share in the EU. An econometric
analysis was conducted for the period from 2017. to 2021. to investigate the impact on the
dependent variables of Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE), revealing
factors contributing to the success of consumer egg production companies. Enterprises in the
consumer egg production that have high business efficiency measured by sales growth, total
asset turnover and investments in fixed assets, enterprises that achieve greater cash flow and
operate longer achieve higher profitability. A financial analysis of the performance
indicators of ZPO Tomažin indicates that despite reduced profitability and liquidity, the craft
maintains stable operations, continues to invest in long-term assets, demonstrates good
capitalization and business efficiency, possesses financial strength, and is expected to further
enhance its business success in the upcoming period