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Tehnologija i kontrola kakvoće hrane životinjskog podrijetla : priručnik za vježbe
No full textTehnologija i kontrola kakvoće hrane životinjskog podrijetla obvezni je predmet na prvoj
godini Sveučilišnog diplomskog studija sanitarnog inženjerstva, a ovaj je priručnik dio
obvezne ispitne literature za taj predmet.
Cilj predmeta je da student usvoji znanja i vještine potrebne za stručnu komunikaciju o
pitanjima dobre proizvodne i dobre higijenske prakse sa strukama izravno uključenim u
poslovanje s hranom životinjskog podrijetla.
Priručnikom je obuhvaćeno 30 sati organizirane vježbovne nastave, od čega 58 % čini
laboratorijski rad (senzorske i fizikalno-kemijske analize), a ostalo su pogonske vježbe
(terenska nastava) i vježbe iz analize sadržaja deklaracije proizvoda. Hrana životinjskog
podrijetla predstavljena je s nekoliko odabranih primjera proizvoda i njihovih analitičkih
parametara.
Svaka od 10 vježbi u svom uvodnom dijelu sadrži teorijske postavke kojima se studenta
upućuje na karakter analitičkog postupka, značenje informacija koje iz njega proizlaze te
primjenu u praksi. Navođenjem ishoda učenja studenta se usmjerava na ono što treba imati
u fokusu tijekom pripremanja i provođenja vježbe te tijekom pripreme za provjeru usvojenih
znanja i vještina. U tom su kontekstu osmišljeni i zadatci za samostalno vježbanje i
samoprovjeru znanja koji se nalaze na kraju svake vježbe. Rješenja ovih zadataka nisu
navedena u priručniku zbog namjere da student ispravnost svojih odgovora i načina
rješavanja zadataka provjeri u izravnim konzultacijama s nastavnicima.
Olivera Koprivnja
Survey of Clinical Practice in Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms in Croatia: A Study by the MPN Working Group Party of the Croatian Cooperative Group for Hematologic Diseases (KROHEM)
No full textBackground/Objectives: Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), and myelofibrosis (MF), are hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by increased proliferation of mature myeloid cells, a chronic inflammatory state, and high cardiovascular risk. The diagnostic and therapeutic landscape in the field of MPNs is rapidly evolving. Therefore, it is important to assess the behavior of physicians involved in the management of MPN patients to gain insight into how they embrace the current diagnostic and treatment landscape in real-life settings. Methods: An online anonymous survey consisting of 50 questions regarding their MPN practice and divided into four major domains (physician characteristics, diagnostic procedures, therapeutic decisions, and patient follow-up) was sent through the Croatian Cooperative Group for Hematologic Diseases’ (KROHEM’s) e-mailing list to all Croatian hematologists. Results: Thirty-one out of ninety adult hematologists (34.4% response rate) from KROHEM responded to this survey. There was a very high rate of self-proclaimed abidance to current international diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations, with no major differences among academic and community practices. However, some areas of uncertainty have been highlighted, especially in the frequency of cytogenetic and molecular testing, as well as very low implementation of the Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Symptom Assessment Form (MPN-SAF) questionnaire in everyday practice. Conclusions: This study provides an important snapshot of the current MPN practice in Croatia. Similar studies from other countries are needed to provide a more detailed overview of real-life MPN practice globally
Targeted Therapy for the Treatment of Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer with ALK Gene Rearrangement
No full textKarcinomi pluća nemalih stanica obuhvaćaju oko 85 % od ukupnog broja karcinoma pluća. Napretkom dijagnostike dokazane su određene mutacije na temelju kojih se razvija individualiziran pristup liječenju karcinoma pluća. Jedna od tih mutacija, zastupljena u 3-7 % pacijenata, mutacija je kinaze anaplastičnog limfoma (ALK). U liječenju uznapredovanog ALK pozitivnog karcinoma pluća nemalih stanica koriste se tri generacije lijekova. Prvoj generaciji pripada krizotinib, drugoj generaciji alektinib, ceritinib i brigatinib, dok trećoj generaciji pripada lorlatinib. Svi su superiorni u odnosu na dosadašnje tradicionalno liječenje kemoterapijom. Najsuperiorniji od svih je lorlatinib koji pripada skupini treće generacije jer je još uvijek osjetljiv na rezistentne mutacije te najbolje prodire kroz krvno-moždanu barijeru. Cilj je ovog preglednog članka usporediti učinkovitost, sigurnost i mehanizme djelovanja te nuspojave navedenih lijekova. Ne može se porgiješiti odabirom bilo kojeg inhibitora kinaze anaplastičnog limfoma s obzirom na dobru učinkovitost i sigurnost primjene.Non-small cell lung cancer is represented in 85% of the total number of lung cancers. With the progress of diagnostics, certain mutations have been proven, since an individualized approach to the treatment of lung cancer is being developed. One of these mutations, present in 3-7% of patients, is the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutation. Three generations of drugs are used in the treatment of advanced ALK positive non-small cell lung cancer. Crizotinib belongs to the first generation, alectinib, ceritinib and brigatinib to the second generation, and lorlatinib belongs to the third generation. All of them are superior to traditional chemotherapy treatment. The most superior of all is lorlatinib, which belongs to the third-generation group, because it is still sensitive to resistant mutations and best penetrates the blood-brain barrier. The aim of this review article is to compare the effectiveness, safety, mechanisms of action and side effects of the mentioned drugs
Clinic, Ambulatory and Home Blood Pressure Monitoring for Metabolic Syndrome: Time to Change the Definition?
No full textBackground and Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is considered a global epidemic, and its diagnosis is crucial, allowing early intervention and management. The main aim of this study was to examine any possible blood pressure (BP) differences based on office and out-of-office measurements in patients with and without MetS, and to investigate if any of these measurements correlated better with MetS. The secondary aim was to investigate any possible cardiovascular risk differences. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of individuals attending the outpatient hypertension clinic. Office and out-of-office BP measurements were recorded in all of the patients, as well as different cardiovascular risk scores and echocardiography. MetS was defined according to ACC/AHA criteria. Results: A total of 282 (39.9% men) individuals (56.8 ± 15.8 years) were analyzed; 60.8% of them had MetS. The patients with MetS had a significantly higher systolic BP (SBP) in all of the BP measurements, higher ASCVD risk (22% vs. 12%), Framingham risk scores (11.8% vs. 6.9%), a significantly higher prevalence of LVH (49.2% vs. 22.7%) and early vascular aging (54.8% vs. 27.4%) compared with the patients without MetS (p < 0.05 for all). In a univariate analysis, MetS was significantly correlated with the average 24h SBP, daytime and nighttime ambulatory SBP, office SBP, and home SBP in the morning (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed for any of the DBP measurements. Finally, 50.5% of the MetS patients had sustained hypertension, 15.2% masked hypertension, and 11.5% white-coat hypertension based on ABPM, and these values were 45.1%, 19.3%, and 13.6%, respectively, based on HBPM. Furthermore, most of the MetS patients had non-dipping hypertension (56.4%). Conclusions: The present findings highlight the importance of out-of-office BP measurements in the diagnosis of MetS, since both a high office and out-of-office SBP were significant features of the syndrome (whereas this was not the case with DBP). This is further supported by the increased prevalence of different hypertension phenotypes observed in the MetS patients. Higher ASCVD risk scores and LVH and EVA prevalence were also related to MetS, thus strongly supporting the necessity for early detection and treatment
Robot-Assisted Nephrectomy in a Living Kidney Donor – a Case Report
No full textCilj: Uvođenje minimalno invazivnih metoda u donorsku kirurgiju dovelo je do povećanja broja živih darivatelja bubrega. U današnje se vrijeme laparoskopska donorska nefrektomija smatra zlatnim standardom, no broj se robotski asistiranih donorskih nefrektomija (RADN) povećava. Prikazat ćemo bolesnika u kojega je učinjen RADN i posljedična uspješna transplantacija bubrega. Prikaz slučaja: U 77-godišnjeg bolesnika s adultnom policističnom bolešću bubrega došlo je do progresije u terminalni stadij bubrežnog zatajenja te je u prosincu 2022. započeo s dijalitičkim liječenjem. Nakon opsežne obrade njegova 61-godišnja sestra prihvaćena je kao donor. U rujnu 2023. učinjen je RADN, a odstranjen joj je lijevi bubreg. Slijedila je uspješna transplantacija bubrega, a hladna ishemija trajala je četiri sata i 30 minuta. Poslijeoperacijski tijek bio je uredan u darivatelja i primatelja. Tri mjeseca nakon operacije bubrežna funkcija bila je stabilna u oboje bolesnika. Zaključak: RADN je sigurna i efikasna metoda s podjednakim rezultatima kao i kod laparoskopske donorske nefrektomije, a provodi se u centrima gdje se radi robotska kirurgija.Aim: The use of minimal-invasive surgical methods in kidney donation surgery led to an increased number of living kidney donors. The laparoscopic donor nephrectomy has become the gold standard for living kidney donation but nowadays the robot-assisted nephrectomy for living kidney donation (RADN) has been performed in expert centres. We present a case of RADN followed by a successful kidney transplantation. Case report: The 77-year-old man with adult polycystic kidney disease gradually progressed to end-stage renal disease and started with dialysis in December 2022. After extensive assessment, his 61-year-old sister was prepared to be a donor. In September 2023, a successful RADN was performed. The left kidney was procured. The kidney was successfully transplanted to the recipient with a cold ischemia time of 4 hours and 30 minutes. The postoperative course was uneventful for both donor and recipient. Three months after surgery the renal function is stable in both patients. Conclusion: The RADN is a safe and effective method with comparable results to laparoscopic donor nephrectomy used in centres with robotic surgery
The relationship between Instagram use and appearance satisfaction in adolescents : an experience sampling method approach
No full textDosadašnja istraživanja pokazuju kako medijski sadržaj koji prikazuje ideal ljepote snižava zadovoljstvo izgledom. Tripartitni model utjecaja pretpostavlja kako vanjski čimbenici djeluju na to da pojedinac internalizira taj ideal i da se s njim uspoređuje, što pridonosi nižem zadovoljstvu izgledom, no on ne objašnjava kratkoročne promjene u pojedincima. Kratkoročne učinke medija objašnjava Model diferencijalne osjetljivosti na učinke medija, koji postulira kako su efekti koje mediji izazivaju u pojedincu određeni njegovim osobnim obilježjima, ali i da ta obilježja mogu mijenjati iste. Integracijom postavki navedena dva modela osmišljen je Model medijskog efekta Instagram sadržaja na zadovoljstvo izgledom. Njime se pretpostavlja način na koji sadržaj na Instagramu može djelovati na trenutno zadovoljstvo izgledom adolescenata. Istraživanje je provedeno sa srednjoškolcima u Hrvatskoj, aplikacijom ExpiWell, putem koje su 10 dana 4 puta dnevno prikupljani podatci o Instagram sadržaju i trenutnom zadovoljstvu izgledom. Dobiveni podaci analizirani su višerazinskim modeliranjem. Rezultati pokazuju kako prikazi ljudi ne doprinose značajno trenutnom zadovoljstvu izgledom, no dobiveni prosječni efekt je snažniji kod adolescenata koji više vrednuju vlastiti izgled. Rezultati ukazuju kako prikazi ljudi ne doprinose značajno socijalnoj usporedbi. U slučajevima kada se adolescenti usporede s osobom koju su vidjeli, izvještavaju o značajno nižem trenutnom zadovoljstvu izgledom te je taj efekt snažniji kod mlađih adolescenata. Rezultati pokazuju kako ni prikazi vršnjaka ni prikazi slavnih osoba ne doprinose značajno trenutnom zadovoljstvu izgledom, no efekt prikaza slavnih osoba snažniji je kod adolescenata koji manje vrednuju vlastiti izgled. Rezultati ukazuju kako sami prikazi ljudi na Instagramu nemaju, ali socijalna usporedba ima značajan efekt na trenutno zadovoljstvo izgledom adolescenata. Dobivene spoznaje pružaju podlogu za daljnja istraživanja efekata korištenja društvenih mreža na svakodnevno funkcioniranje adolescenata te ukazuju na važnost uključivanja adolescenata u pripremu istraživanjaPrevious research shows that portrayals of the beauty ideal in the media lowers appearance satisfaction. The Tripartite Influence Model assumes that external factors influence the individual to internalize this ideal and compare with it, which contributes to lower appearance satisfaction, but it does not explain short-term changes in individuals. The short-term effects of the media are explained by the Differential Susceptibility to the Media Effects Model, which postulates that the effects caused by the media on an individual are determined by their's characteristics but also that these characteristics can change them. Based on the integration of the propositions of the two models, the Model of Media Effect of Instagram Content on Appearance Satisfaction was designed. It hypothesizes how content on Instagram can influence adolescents' state appearance satisfaction. The research was conducted with high school students in Croatia using the ExpiWell application, through which data on Instagram content and state appearance satisfaction was collected 4 times a day for 10 days. The obtained data were analyzed by multilevel modeling. The results show that depictions of people do not significantly contribute to state appearance satisfaction, but the average effect is stronger in adolescents with higher appearance evaluation. The results indicate that depictions of people do not significantly contribute to social comparison. In cases where adolescents compare themselves to a person they have seen, they report significantly lower state appearance satisfaction, and this effect is stronger in younger adolescents. The results show that neither depictions of peers nor depictions of celebrities contribute significantly to state appearance satisfaction, but the effect of depictions of celebrities is stronger in adolescents with lower appearance evaluation. The results indicate that depictions of people on Instagram alone don't, but social comparison has a significant effect on adolescents' state appearance satisfaction. The knowledge obtained provides a basis for further research into the effects of using social media on the daily functioning of adolescents and indicates the importance of including adolescents in the preparation of research
Absorption of Toxicants from the Ocular Surface: Potential Applications in Toxicology
No full textIn relation to the eye, the body can absorb substances from the ocular surface fluid (OSF) in a few ways: directly through the conjunctival sac, through the nasal mucosa as the fluid drains into the nose, or through ingestion. Regardless of the absorption method, fluid from the conjunctival sac should be used as a toxicological matrix, even though only small quantities are needed. Contemporary analytical techniques make it a suitable matrix for toxicological research. Analyzing small quantities of the matrix and nano-quantities of the analyte requires high-cost, sophisticated tools, which is particularly relevant in the high-throughput environment of new drug or cosmetics testing. Environmental toxicology also presents a challenge, as many pollutants can enter the system using the same ocular surface route. A review of the existing literature was conducted to assess potential applications in clinical and forensic toxicology related to the absorption of toxicants from the ocular surface. The selection of the studies used in this review aimed to identify new, more efficient, and cost-effective analytical technology and diagnostic methods
Wine Bottle Label Design of the Croatian Autochthonous Grape Variety Žlahtina: a Text-Linguistic Analysis
No full textAlthough Croatia is a relatively small country in the Mediterranean, its location provides a fertile climate for the cultivation of many different grape varieties. Viticulture and a rich winemaking tradition of over 2,500 years have resulted in a list of 258 grape varieties that can be grown today on the territory of the Republic of Croatia. Among them, the autochthonous Croatian wine variety žlahtina was chosen for the analysis of the wine bottle label design. The chapter explores the visual codes on the wine bottles of different producers of žlahtina, that is, the front and back labels. Since the wine bottle label can be defined as a specific text genre, a text-linguistic analysis of the selected labels was carried out. Žlahtina wine bottle labels were analysed on three different levels: the communication-pragmatic, thematic and linguistic-stylistic level. The focus of the analysis is on the macro level, as it includes the analysis of the visual element that attracts the consumer's attention. The obtained results provide data on the characteristics of the text genre wine bottle label at the linguistic and the semiotic level
DETERMINATION AND DENIAL OF PATERNITY
No full textTema ovog rada odnosi se na pravne aspekte utvrđivanja i osporavanja očinstva. Utvrđivanje očinstva, prvenstveno je usmjereno na načine utvrđivanja očinstva. Analiziraju se postupci utvrđivanja očinstva koje uključuju pravne procedure koje omogućuju uspostavljanje očinskih prava i obveza. Tužbu radi utvrđivanja očinstva može pokrenuti dijete, djetetova majka, muškarac koji se smatra ocem djeteta ili čak Hrvatski zavod za socijalni rad, a cilj mu je osigurati prava i obveze koje proizlaze iz roditeljstva, poput uzdržavanja i drugih prava djeteta. Za članove obitelji, roditeljstvo predstavlja važan aspekt kojim će se također istaknuti. Roditeljstvo nije samo odgovornost, već prilika za osobni rast i razvoj, kako i za roditelje, tako i za djecu. Drugi dio rada fokusira se na mogućnosti osporavanja očinstva, uključujući razloge i uvjete pod kojima je to moguće, kao i posljedice takvih postupaka za sve uključene strane. Kroz analizu sudskih slučajeva i pravnih normi, rad pruža uvid u složenost pitanja očinstva te naglašava važnost pravnog okvira u zaštiti prava djeteta i roditelja. Osporavanje očinstva može se izvršiti samo u zakonom određenim okolnostima, u određenim rokovima, te uz odgovarajuće pravne postupke. To znači da je važno prepoznati specifične pretpostavke i postupke koje se moraju slijediti kako bi se uspješno osporilo očinstvo.
Cilj ovog rada je osvijetliti izazove, mogućnosti i razne slučajeve unutar područja obiteljskog prava, te ukazati na pravne praznine u zakonodavstvu kada zakon ne nudi odgovore na određena pitanja.This final thesis refers to legal aspects of determination and disputing fatherhood. Primarily, determination of paternity is directed by the methods used (to establish fatherhood). Methodically survey the determination process which comprises legal procedures to enable establishment of paternal rights and obligations. The process can be initiated by parents, children and public attorneys. Procedure objective is to assure childcare and implementation of responsibilities related to child support and all other children's rights. For family members, parenting represents an important aspect. Parenthood is not only the responsibility, but the chance of personal growth for both, the parents and children. In the second part of the final thesis focus is on possibilities to dispute paternity, including the causes, conditions and circumstances under which the disputes are possible. The thesis addresses potential consequences of the above mentioned disputes for all concerned parties. Through examination of case law and legal standards, this document provides insight in fatherhood complexity. Document highlights the importance of protection and justice for children and parents under legal rights. Paternity disputes can be executed only in specific legitimate circumstances. Paternity disputes must be completed with specified terms and corresponding legal procedures. Objective of this document is to emphasize the challenges and various possibilities (including court cases) in the Family Law domain. Intention is to notice legal gaps in legislation and to address "hidden" questions
