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Healthy lifestyles and body image among young people
No full textOvaj rad bavi se temom zdravih životnih stilova i slike tijela kod mladih. Cilj rada je prikazati mladost kao ključno razdoblje u kojemu se oblikuju određeni obrasci ponašanja, stavovi i oblikuje identitet mlade osobe, te kroz koje ona usvaja svakodnevne navike i primjenjuje ih u kasnijim fazama života. Među najvažnijim aspektima zdravih stilova izdvajaju se redovita tjelesna aktivnost, očuvanje mentalnog zdravlja i uravnotežena prehrana, koji zajedno doprinose fizičkom, psihičkom i socijalnom blagostanju te dugoročno određuju opće zdravstveno stanje pojedinca. Ujedno, dio rada bavi se slikom tijela kod mladih te prikazuje kako oni doživljavaju sami sebe i koji sve čimbenici utječu na njihovu percepciju vlastitog tijela. Prikazom postojećih istraživanja daje se pregled trenutnog stanja mladih u navedenim aspektima, te se želi ukazati na njihovu važnost i potrebu za većim sustavnim ulaganjem u prevenciju i obrazovanje ne samo mladih, već i obitelji, odgojno – obrazovnih djelatnika, šire zajednice i svih koji imaju utjecaj na njihov razvoj
Delayed Intracerebral Hemorrhage after Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease
No full textIntroduction: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a well-established treatment for advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD), offering significant symptomatic relief. Although DBS is generally considered safe, it carries risks, including the potential for delayed complications such as intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Case Presentation: We present a rare case of a 67-year-old male with PD who developed delayed ICH after undergoing bilateral STN DBS. Initially, the patient showed no neurological deficits postoperatively, with imaging confirming correct lead placement and no signs of hemorrhage. However, on the second postoperative day, the patient developed sudden right-sided hemiparesis. A CT scan revealed ICH alongside the left lead. The hemorrhage was managed conservatively, and the patient underwent extensive physical therapy, leading to significant improvement. Over the next 2 weeks, the patient’s condition improved, and follow-up CT scans showed complete resolution of the ICH. At this point, the left lead stimulation was initiated, further improving the patient’s PD symptoms. This case illustrates the potential for delayed ICH following STN DBS, emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring and individualized treatment strategies. Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of vigilant postoperative monitoring and individualized management strategies in STN DBS patients. Early detection and appropriate management of complications such as ICH are crucial for minimizing risks and ensuring optimal patient outcomes. The potential for delayed complications highlights the need for continuous follow-up, even in the absence of immediate postoperative issues
Preuzimanje 21st Century Foxa od strane The Walt Disney Company
No full textOvaj rad analizira preuzimanje 21st Century Foxa od strane The Walt Disney Company, što je jedno od najvećih spajanja u povijesti medijske industrije. Akvizicija je dovršena u 2019. godini i vrijedila je 71 milijardu dolara. Omogućila je Disneyju preuzimanje filmskog studija 20th Century Fox, televizijskih mreža FX i National Geographic te 30% udjela u streaming platformi Hulu. Ovo preuzimanje znatno je ojačalo Disneyjevu tržišnu poziciju, povećalo dominaciju u industriji zabave i proširilo katalog sadržaja, uključujući brojne filmske franšize i intelektualno vlasništvo. Međutim, preuzimanje je izazvalo rasprave o tržišnoj konkurenciji i mogućem stvaranju monopola. Američko Ministarstvo pravosuđa i ostala regulatorna tijela odobrila su akviziciju uz uvjet prodaje određenih sportskih mreža kako bi se održala ravnoteža na tržištu. Preuzimanjem 21st Century Foxa, Disney je dodatno učvrstio svoju poziciju u sektoru streaming usluga, jačajući konkurenciju protiv platformi poput Netflixa i Amazona. Cilj rada je analizirati financijske, strateške i pravne implikacije ovog preuzimanja te njegov utjecaj na tržište medija i zabave i ostale interesno utjecajne skupine
Proučavanje varijabilnosti aktivnih galaktičkih jezgri te narušenja Lorentzove simetrije teleskopima MAGIC i LST-1
No full textOne of the key open questions in theoretical physics is the unification of general relativity and quantum field theory into a single framework of quantum gravity (QG). One possible manifestation of such a theory is the violation of Lorentz invariance (LIV), a
fundamental symmetry of spacetime. QG effects are expected to emerge near the Planck scale (∼ 1019 GeV), well beyond the reach of current experiments. While any resulting signatures are predicted to be minuscule, they may accumulate over cosmological distances. As a result, very-high-energy gamma rays could serve as valuable probes for studying QG.
This thesis investigates LIV through time-of-flight (ToF) analyses of rapidly variable active galactic nuclei (AGNs), using observational data from two major imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes: the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescopes and the Large-Sized Telescope prototype (LST-1). Before exploring LIV ToF searches, the thesis introduces BASiL (Bayesian Analysis including Single-event Likelihoods), a novel statistical method that improves signal estimation in ON/OFF measurements by incorporating event-level likelihoods. Separately, a binned maximum likelihood method applied for the first time in the context of LIV ToF studies was developed and employed to the 2014 flare of Markarian 421 observed by the MAGIC telescopes. The thesis then presents a combined LIV analysis of two AGN flares using the gLike software framework. This includes MAGIC observations of the September 2020 BL Lacertae flare, modelled here with a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton scenario, and LST-1 data from another flare of BL Lacertae that was detected in August 2021. These analyses yield updated lower bounds on the quantum gravity energy scale, placing the 95% CL limits at 7.2 × 1017 GeV for the superluminal case and 7.0 × 1017 GeV for the subluminal case.Jedno od ključnih otvorenih pitanja u teorijskoj fizici je ujedinjenje opće teorije relativnosti i kvantne teorije polja u jedinstveni okvir kvantne gravitacije (QG). Jedna od mogućih manifestacija takve teorije je narušenje Lorentzove simetrije (LIV), fundamentalne simetrije prostor-vremena. Očekuje se da se efekti QG pojavljuju blizu Planckove skale (∼ 1019 GeV), daleko izvan dosega trenutačnih eksperimenata. Iako se predviđa da su rezultirajući učinci QG minimalni, oni se mogu akumulirati. Kao rezultat toga, gama-zrake vrlo visokih energija koje prevaljuju kozmološke udaljenosti od svog izvora do
detektora mogu poslužiti kao alati za proučavanje kvantne gravitacije.
Ova disertacija istražuje LIV kroz takozvanu analizu vremena leta (ToF), koristeći podatke varijabilnih aktivnih galaktičkih jezgri. Pri analizi su korišteni podaci s dva atmosferska Čerenkovljeva teleskopa: MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov) i prototipa velikog teleskopa LST-1 (Large-Sized Telescope). Prije istraživanja LIV-a, disertacija predstavlja BASiL, novu statističku metodu koja poboljšava procjenu signala u ON/OFF mjerenja uključivanjem izglednosti na razini pojedinog događaja. Za proučavanje LIV-a kroz ToF analizu, razvili smo i promijenili novu metodu grupirane najveće izglednosti na bljesak blazara Markariana 421 iz 2014. godine opažen MAGIC teleskopima.
Disertacija zatim predstavlja združenu LIV analizu dva AGN bljeska koristeći gLike programski okvir. U ovu analizu uključena su opažanja bljeska BL Lacertae MAGIC teleskopima u rujnu 2020. (koji je u radu modeliran jednozonskim sinkrotronskim samoComptonovim zračenjem) i LST-1 podatke BL Lavertae bljeska u kolovozu 2021.
Ovim analizama određene su donje granice energijske skale QG na 95% razini pouzdanosti: 7, 2 × 1017 GeV za superluminalni i 7, 0 × 1017 GeV za subluminalni slučaj
Therapeutic Potential and Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Coronary Artery Disease: Narrative Review
No full textCoronary artery disease (CAD) remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality despite advances in medical and interventional therapies. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has emerged as a promising regenerative approach for patients with refractory or non-revascularizable CAD. MSCs exhibit unique immunomodulatory, pro-angiogenic, and anti-fibrotic properties, primarily through paracrine mechanisms involving the secretion of cytokines, growth factors, and exosomal microRNAs. Clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated improvements in myocardial perfusion, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and functional capacity following MSC-based interventions, particularly in patients with low baseline LVEF and heightened inflammation. Various MSC sources—including bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord—offer distinct advantages, while delivery strategies such as intracoronary, intramyocardial, intravenous, and subcutaneous administration impact cell retention and efficacy. Advances in genetic modification, hypoxic preconditioning, and exosome-based therapies aim to enhance MSC survival and therapeutic potency. However, challenges persist regarding cell engraftment, cryopreservation effects, and inter-patient variability. Moving toward precision cell therapy, future approaches may involve stratifying patients by inflammatory status, ischemic burden, and comorbidities to optimize treatment outcomes. MSCs may not yet replace conventional therapies but are increasingly positioned to complement them within a personalized, regenerative framework for CAD management
Prostori svjetla
No full textU svom završnom radu istražujem odnos svjetlosti i prostora kroz prikaz urbanih noćnih scena koristeći ulje na platnu kao medij. Početni interes za pejzaže prelazi u dublje promišljanje o svjetlosti kao ključnom izražajnom sredstvu. Fokus se stavlja na prozore, uličnu rasvjetu i figure koje noćni ambijent transformira u intimne prizore. Koristim vlastite fotografije kao reference, često eksperimentirajući s ekspozicijom i zasićenjem kako bi dodatno naglasila atmosferu. Inspiraciju crpim iz baroknog slikarstva (Caravaggio, Rembrandt, de La Tour), realizma Edwarda Hoppera te suvremenih umjetnica poput Jadranke Fatur i Catherine Murphy. Posebno me zanima simbolika svjetla kao granice između unutarnjeg i vanjskog svijeta, privatnog i javnog prostora. Svjetlost ne služi samo kao sredstvo oblikovanja prostora već i kao nositelj emocije i narativa
The mediation effect of social appearance anxiety and appearance-based rejection sensitivity in explaining the relationship between social media use and eating disorder symptoms
No full textCilj provedenog istraživanja bio je provjeriti pretpostavljene prediktore simptoma poremećaja hranjenja te provjeriti pretpostavljeni medijacijski model pri čemu je korištenje društvenih mreža prediktor, socijalna anksioznost zbog izgleda i osjetljivost na odbijanje zbog izgleda medijatori, a simptomi poremećaja hranjenja kriterij.
Istraživanje je provedeno u srednjim školama Primorsko-goranske županije, pri čemu je prikupljeno sveukupno 334 ispitanika, od kojih je 333 uključeno u provedene statističke analize. Od ukupnog broja ispitanika, 231 (69.16%) ženskog je spola, a 102 (30.54%) muškoga. Raspon dobi ispitanika kreće se od 14 do 19 godina (M=16, SD=1.09). Petero ispitanika nije izvijestilo o svojoj dobi.
Za prikupljanje podataka koristio se Upitnik socijalne anksioznosti zbog izgleda, Upitnik osjetljivosti na odbijanje zbog izgleda te Upitnik navika hranjenja. Na samom početku ispunjavanja podataka, od ispitanika su se tražili demografski podaci poput dobi, težine i visine te informacije o frekvenciji korištenja društvenih mreža, aktivnom ili pasivno korištenju društvenih mreža i vrsti sadržaja koju prate na društvenim mrežama.
Dobiveni rezultati djelomično su potvrdili postavljene hipoteze, pri čemu je dobivena statistički značajna korelacija između aspekata korištenja društvenih mreža, točnije, pretraživanja sadržaja vezanog uz modu i samopomoć, osjetljivosti na odbijanje zbog izgleda, socijalne anksioznosti zbog izgleda te simptoma poremećaja hranjenja. Također je dobiven djelomični medijacijski efekt osjetljivosti na odbijanje zbog izgleda u odnosu između korištenja društvenih mreža i simptoma poremećaja hranjenja te potpuni medijacijski efekt socijalne anksioznosti zbog izgleda u odnosu između korištenja društvenih mreža i simptoma poremećaja hranjenja. Socijalna anksioznost zbog izgleda pokazala se najjačim prediktorom simptoma poremećaja hranjenja.
Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na značajnost sadržaja društvenih mreža u razvoju simptoma poremećaja hranjenja te na važnost medijatora u odnosu između korištenja društvenih mreža i simptoma poremećaja hranjenja.The aim of this study was to examine possible predictors of eating disorder symptoms and the mediation model in which social media use is the predictor, social appearance anxiety and appearance-based rejection sensitivity are mediators and eating disorder symptoms are the criterion.
The study was conducted in several high schools in the Primorje-gorski kotar county, wherein a total of 334 participants' data was collected, out of which 333 participants' data was used in further analyses. 231 participants identified as female (69.16%), while 102 participants identified as male (30.54%). Participant age ranged from 14 to 19 years (M=16, SD=1.09). Five participants did not state their ages.
Data was collected using the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale, the Appearance-based Rejection Sensitivity Scale and the Eating Attitudes Test. Demographic data was also collected, such as age, weight and height, in addition to information on social media use, including average hours spent using social media, activity and frequency of viewing certain content found on social media. The obtained results partially confirmed proposed hypotheses. Aspects of social media use, such as reviewing or following fashion and self-help content, appearance-based rejection sensitivity, social appearance anxiety and eating disorder symptoms were found to correlate positively and significantly. Appearance-based rejection sensitivity partially mediated the relationship between social media use and eating disorder symptoms, whereas social appearance anxiety fully mediated this relationship. Within the tested model, social appearance anxiety was found to be the strongest predictor of eating disorder symptoms.
The obtained results signify the importance of content viewed on social media and the importance of researching mediator variables in the relationship between social media use and eating disorder symptoms
Usage, knowledge and attitudes towards electronic cigarettes use among nursing students in Croatia: a cross-sectional study
No full textBackground: Evidence shows harmful effects of e-cigarettes on health. There is limited data on the use of e-cigarettes among nursing students. This study aimed to investigate the usage, knowledge, and attitudes towards e-cigarettes among nursing students in Croatia, as well as their views on the role of nurses in counseling patients and assisting with smoking cessation. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted via an online questionnaire among nursing students at 10 universities in Croatia in March/April 2024. Students were asked questions about socio-demographics, knowledge and attitudes towards e-cigarettes and their views on the role of nurses in counseling patients and assisting with smoking cessation. Results: The study included 1,039 participants; 89% were women, 43% were smokers; 53% used e-cigarettes and 76% used them for recreational purposes. 21% of participants agreed that e-cigarettes are an effective method for quitting smoking. More than half indicated that e-cigarettes could encourage non-smokers to start smoking. The majority (60%) reported that they had never received education on smoking cessation at university. Furthermore, 66% stated that they did not feel confident advising smokers about e-cigarettes. The majority (70%) considered physicians to be the most knowledgeable health experts to advise and educate users of e-cigarettes. There were no significant differences in attitudes between smokers and non-smokers on the use of e-cigarettes. Participants demonstrated insufficient knowledge about e-cigarettes. Non-smokers had more positive attitudes towards the role of nurses in combating smoking compared to smokers. Participants who had received education on smoking cessation were more willing to advise smokers and had clearer views on the risks and the importance of the nurse’s role in the quitting process compared to those who had not received such education. Smoking status and age were significant predictors of counseling confidence. Conclusion: The study found a high prevalence of smoking and e-cigarette use among Croatian nursing students, along with limited knowledge and generally negative attitudes towards e-cigarettes. It highlighted gaps in education regarding the health risks of e-cigarettes and the lack of practical skills needed to help smokers quit, suggesting that nursing programs should update their curricula to better prepare students in these areas
Uloga privrženosti vlastitom psu i kvalitete odnosa na subjektivnu dobrobit vlasnika psa
No full textOdnos između čovjeka i psa tijekom vremena evoluirao je iz instrumentalne funkcije temeljene na suradnji u lovu i zaštiti prema reciprocitetnom afektivnom odnosu čime su psi stekli status bliskih životnih suputnika. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati povezanost privrženosti vlasnika prema psu s kvalitetom tog odnosa i subjektivne dobrobiti te mentalnog zdravlja vlasnika uzimajući u obzir i duljinu vlasništva. Ispitanici su online ispunili skup upitnika te je prikupljen prigodan uzorak od 424 ispitanika, raspona dobi od 18 do 71 godina (M= 38,16, SD= 12,15), od čega je 89,2 % žena i 10,8 % muškaraca. Rezultati korelacijske analize pokazali su da je niža razina izbjegavanja u privrženosti povezana s višim subjektivnim doživljajem prosperiteta, dok nije utvrđena značajna povezanost s općim zadovoljstvom životom, depresivnim i anksioznim simptomima. Niža razina izbjegavanja u privrženosti bila je povezana s učestalijom interakcijom sa psom, višim stupnjem emocionalne bliskosti i nižom razinom percipiranih troškova vezanih uz psa. S druge strane, niža anksioznost u privrženosti pokazala se značajno povezanom s višim zadovoljstvom životom, nižom razinom anksioznih i depresivnih simptoma. Također, viša anksioznost u privrženosti povezana je s višom emocionalnom bliskošću sa psom, dok druge povezanosti s dimenzijama kvalitete odnosa nisu bile statistički značajne. Dulje posjedovanje psa pozitivno je koreliralo sa zadovoljstvom životom i doživljajem prosperiteta. Hijerarhijska regresijska analiza pokazala je da su sve dimenzije kvalitete odnosa i duljina vlasništva značajni prediktori zadovoljstva životom, dok s duljina vlasništva i percipirani troškovi značajno povezani s doživljajem prosperiteta. Također, sve dimenzije kvalitete odnosa predviđaju prisutnost depresivnih simptoma, dok su dimenzija anksioznosti u privrženosti, interakcija pas - vlasnik i percipirana emocionalna bliskost značajni prediktori anksioznih simptoma. Dobiveni rezultati djelomično su potvrdili postavljene hipoteze.
Ovi nalazi ističu složenost odnosa između privrženosti vlasnika psu, kvalitete njihovog međusobnog odnosa i efekta na subjektivnu dobrobit vlasnika te naglašavaju potrebu za daljnjim istraživanjima u ovom području
The Role of Social Media and Social Comparison in The Relationship Between Parental Perfectionism and Parenting Satisfaction
No full textU suvremenom društvu roditeljska uloga sve više podliježe pritiscima društvenih normi i idealiziranih očekivanja. Istodobno, društvene mreže postaju značajan prostor informiranja, traženja podrške i samoprezentacije, ali i potencijalan izvor stresa uslijed učestalih socijalnih usporedbi. U takvom kontekstu sve češće se ističe fenomen roditeljskog perfekcionizma, odnosno postavljanja nerealno visokih ciljeva, što može imati različite posljedice na roditeljsku dobrobit.
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati ulogu društvenih mreža i socijalnog uspoređivanja u objašnjenju odnosa roditeljskog perfekcionizma i zadovoljstva roditeljstvom. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 151 roditelja djece do 18 godina, u dobi od 22 do 53 godine (M = 38.35; SD = 6.41), od kojih je 88.7 % majki i 11.3 % očeva. U istraživanju su korišteni upitnici za prikupljanje sociodemografskih podataka, podataka o korištenju društvenih mreža te skale za mjerenje roditeljskog perfekcionizma, socijalnog uspoređivanja (općeg i na društvenim mrežama) i zadovoljstva roditeljstvom. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da učestalost korištenja društvenih mreža nije povezana sa sklonošću socijalnom uspoređivanju. Obje dimenzije roditeljskog perfekcionizma povezane su s nižim zadovoljstvom roditeljskom ulogom, osobito društveno propisani perfekcionizam. Opća sklonost socijalnom uspoređivanju pokazala se značajnim prediktorom obje dimenzije perfekcionizma. U objašnjenju zadovoljstva roditeljstvom, oba oblika socijalnog uspoređivanja te društveno propisani perfekcionizam pokazali su se značajnim negativnim prediktorima. Dobiveni rezultati doprinose boljem razumijevanju psiholoških mehanizama koji oblikuju roditeljsko iskustvo u digitalnom kontekstu te ukazuju na potrebu razvoja preventivnih i intervencijskih strategija usmjerenih na očuvanje dobrobiti roditelja u suvremenom, digitalnom okruženju.In today’s society, the parental role is increasingly shaped by societal norms and idealized expectations. At the same time, social media has become a significant space for gathering information, seeking support, and self-presentation, but also a potential source of stress due to frequent social comparisons. Within this context, the phenomenon of parental perfectionism, defined as setting unrealistically high standards, has received growing attention as a factor that may affect parental well-being. The aim of this study was to examine the role of social media use and social comparison in explaining the relationship between parental perfectionism and satisfaction with the parental role. The research was conducted on a sample of 151 parents of children under the age of 18, aged between 22 and 53 years (M = 38.35; SD = 6.41), of whom 88.7% were mothers and 11.3% were fathers. Participants completed questionnaires assessing sociodemographic characteristics, social media use, parental perfectionism, general social comparison, social comparison on social media, and parental satisfaction. The results indicated that the frequency of social media use was not associated with either general social comparison tendency or social media-specific comparison. Both dimensions of parental perfectionism were related to lower satisfaction with the parental role, with socially prescribed perfectionism showing a particularly strong association. General social comparison emerged as a significant predictor of both perfectionism dimensions. In explaining parental satisfaction, both general and social media-related comparison, as well as socially prescribed perfectionism, were significant negative predictors. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the psychological mechanisms shaping parenting experiences in the digital age and highlight the need for preventive and intervention strategies aimed at promoting parental well-being in increasingly media-saturated environments