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PERSONAL ADMINISTRATION AS A BANKRUPTCY PROCEDURE MODEL
No full textOvaj rad bavi se analizom modela osobne uprave u stečajnom postupku, odnosno mogućnosti
da dužnik sam upravlja svojom imovinom u postupku koji je uobičajeno strogo povjeren
stečajnom upravitelju i sudu. Pruža se uvid u različite modele stečajnog postupka, a s
posebnim naglaskom na model osobne uprave u hrvatskom stečajnom zakonodavstvu
Poseban je položaj stečajnog povjerenika čija je uloga obavljanje nadzora nad dužnikovom
upravom. Od posebne je važnosti zadržavanje nadzora nad upravljanjem kako ne bi došlo do
zlouporabe i odlugovlačenja postupka. Drugo poglavlje rada definira stečajni postupak i
njegovu osnovnu svrhu i cilj uz kratku razradu stranaka postupka - vjerovnika i dužnika,
odnosno prikazom tko se sve može naći u njihovim ulogama prema zakonskom određenju te
načela na kojima se stečajni postupak temelji. Treće poglavlje - modeli (korporativnog)
stečajnog postupka prikazuje kratku analizu svih relevantnih vrsta stečajnih postupaka. Ovaj
pregled pomaže razumijeti gdje se osobna uprava nalazi unutar širine pravnih rješenja.
Centralna tema ovog rada predstavljena je u poglavlju 4 koje temeljito analizira pretpostavke,
tijek i nadzor postupka, prava i obveze dužnika te razloge obustave osobne uprave. Poseban
naglasak stavljen je na ulogu stečajnog povjerenika i vjerovničkih tijela te proces izrade
stečajnog plana u okviru osobne uprave. Prikazano je da osobna uprava ima preciznu
strukturu, ali da su sve pretpostavke za njenu provedbu rijetko ispunjene, tako uloga dužnika
kao nositelja odgovornosti ostaje pravno podržana ali praktično rijetko iskorištena. Rad se
bavi i komparativnom analizom odabranih modela osobne uprave s ciljem prikaza različitih
rješenja, odnosno rješenja Sjedinjenih Američkih Džava, Francuske, Bosne i Hercegovine te
Slovenije. To je ključno poglavlje koje daje širi kontekst i pruža usporedni uvid u praktičnost i
učinkovitost ovog instituta - njegova funkcionalnost nije isključivo vezana za sam
zakonodavni tekst, već i razvijenost institucija, pravne kulture i povjerenja između stranaka.This paper deals with the analysis of the model of personal administration in bankruptcy
proceedings - the possibility for the debtor to manage his own assets in a procedure that is
usually strictly entrusted to the bankruptcy trustee and the court. An insight into different
models of bankruptcy proceedings is provided, with special emphasis on the model of
personal administration in Croatian bankruptcy legislation. The second chapter of the paper
defines the bankruptcy proceedings and their basic purpose and goal, with a brief elaboration
of the parties to the proceedings - creditors and debtors, i.e. an overview of who can be found
in their roles according to the legal definition and the principles on which the bankruptcy
proceedings are based. The third chapter - models of (corporate) bankruptcy proceedings
presents a brief analysis of all relevant types of bankruptcy proceedings. This overview helps
to understand where personal administration is located within the breadth of legal solutions.
The central theme of this paper is presented in chapter 4, which thoroughly analyses the
assumptions, course and supervision of the procedure, the rights and obligations of the debtor,
and the reasons for the suspension of personal administration. Special emphasis is placed on
the role of the bankruptcy trustee and creditors, and the process of drafting a bankruptcy plan
within the framework of personal administration. It is shown that personal administration has
a precise structure, but that all the assumptions for its implementation are rarely met, so the
role of the debtor as the bearer of responsibility remains legally supported but practically
rarely used. The paper also deals with a comparative analysis of selected models of personal
administration with the aim of presenting different solutions, namely the solutions of the
United States of America, France, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Slovenia. It is a key chapter
that provides a broader context and a comparative insight into the practicality and
effectiveness of this institute - its functionality is not only related to legislative text, but also
the development of institutions, legal culture and trust between the parties
Ideja stvarnosti
No full textZavršni rad, Ideja stvarnosti , sastoji se od serije grafičkih otisaka sa kombiniranih trinaest matrica u alternirajućim načinima otiskivanja i tehnikama. Tema disocijacije je centar iz kojega izlaze daljnje razrade u nekoliko smjerova; strah, prisutnost, oponašanje stvarnosti i stvaranje nepoznatog prostora. Tema je sama po sebi višeslojna i kompleksna, te taj aspekt čini glavno vizualno svojstvo grafika i crteža iz kojih su grafike nastale. Svi otisci imaju minimalno dvije preklopljene matrice, a njihove različite tehnike i dimenzije uz njihovo slaganje stvaraju svojevrsni međuprostor – nepoznati prostor iz kojega se rađa disocijacija
Specificities of transportation, storage and packaging of coffee
No full textOsnovni problem istraživanja u ovom radu su relevantni aspekti logistike procesa prijevoza i transporta kave od mjesta proizvodnje do mjesta prodaje i potrošnje. Sukladno definiranom problemu istraživanja u radu se definiraju osnovni pojmovi vezani za proizvodnju, prijevoz, skladištenje i ambalažiranje kave te se analiziraju specifični problemi koji se u praksi javljaju unutar logističkog dobavnog lanca kave na putu do krajnjeg potrošača. Razumijevanjem i rješavanjem izazova u logističkom dobavnom lancu kave, moguće je poboljšati učinkovitost, održivost i otpornost globalnog lanca opskrbe kavom te osigurati sve preduvjete da kava kao osjetljivi transportni supstrat, pristigne u pravo vrijeme, na pravo mjesto i u pravom stanju. Uz specifičnosti prijevoza i transporta kave od mjesta proizvodnje do odredišta, u radu se također analiziraju glavna svojstva i obilježja kave te specifičnosti ambalažiranja i skladištenja kave kako bi navedeni transportni supstrat na odredištu imao adekvatnu kvalitetu i uporabnu vrijednost.The main research problem in this paper is the relevant aspects of the logistics of the coffee transport and transportation process from the place of production to the place of sale and consumption. In accordance with the defined research problem, the paper defines the basic concepts related to the production, transport, storage and packaging of coffee and analyzes specific problems that arise in practice within the coffee logistics supply chain on the way to the end consumer. By understanding and solving the challenges in the logistics supply chain of coffee, it is possible to improve the efficiency, sustainability and resilience of the global coffee supply chain and to ensure that coffee, as a sensitive transport substrate, arrives at the right time, in the right place and in the right condition. In addition to the specifics of the transport and transportation of coffee from the place of production to the destination, the paper also analyzes the main properties and characteristics of coffee and the specifics of packaging and storage of coffee so that the aforementioned transport substrate at the destination has adequate quality and useful value
Framing political processes through constitution-based symbolic representation
No full textThis chapter probes what is rhetorically projected into politics when constitutions are construed as political representations. It first explores how different arenas of contention involving constitutional reasoning may involve distinct representational claims. Then the chapter outlines how our understanding of these claims may be enriched by the theory of symbolic political representation. Finally, the chapter tentatively conceptualizes the aims of a constitution's representative role. Rather than projecting "the constitution" in the abstract, a specific constitution or a part of its content, a claim of political representation stages different constitutional attributes to depict agency, stability, boundary, hierarchy, failure, and clarity. By forefronting these, claims that constitutions "represent" in a political sense may be productively explored as practices that aim to reframe a political contention
Imunosno posredovane patologije u mišjem modelu s insuficijencijom optineurina
No full textAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are adult-onset
neurodegenerative diseases characterized by neuronal loss, neuroinflammation and TAR DNA
binding protein 43 (TDP-43) protein aggregation in distinct regions of the central nervous system
(CNS). Both diseases may be caused by mutations in the same genes, one of which is OPTN,
encoding for optineurin. Optineurin is a ubiquitin-binding adaptor protein that regulates various
cellular functions, including inflammatory signaling, autophagy, vesicular and mitochondrial
trafficking. To study its role in disease, a truncation mouse model of optineurin insufficiency that
lacks the ubiquitin-binding region (Optn470T) was generated by our group. Aging is the major risk
factor for neurodegenerative diseases, which strongly affects the immune system and results in a
chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging). Since optineurin plays a role in inflammatory
signaling, which was shown to be impaired in ALS/FTD patients, we have performed detailed
analyses of Optn470T mice during aging, which include evaluations of motor and cognitive abilities,
neuropathology (neuronal loss, TDP-43 aggregation and lipofuscin accumulation) and
neuroinflammation. We observed that aging of Optn470T mice did not exaggerate the decrease in
motor and cognitive abilities found in wild-type (WT) mice. This was corroborated by the absence
of neuropathology and exaggerated neuroinflammation in aged Optn470T mice. Given that
peripheral immune cells are also affected in ALS patients and during aging, we analyzed T cell
polarization. We found a decreased percentage of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- and interleukin
(IL)-17A-producing CD4+ helper T cells and an increased percentage of TNF-producing CD8+ T
cells in Optn470T mice in comparison to WT mice. One of the new potential ALS hallmarks is
decreased phagocytosis of microglia and macrophages, reported during aging and in ALS patients.
Here, we reported a decreased percentage of phagocytic bone-marrow derived macrophages
(BMDMs) from aging mice, which was unaffected by optineurin insufficiency. To test if additional
genetic hits will precipitate the disease phenotype, we crossed Optn470T mice with TDP-43G348C
mice, where the latter have been reported to develop ALS/FTD-like symptoms. We successfully
confirmed the generation of Optn470T/TDP-43G348C, which showed lower expression levels of TDP
43G348C transgene compared to TDP-43G348C mice, suggesting a potential protective mechanism of
Optn470T truncation. TDP-43 was previously reported to directly regulate inflammatory nuclear
factor (NF)-B-mediated signaling, which we did not observe in our experiments in BMDMs. In contrast, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BMDMs from Optn470T/TDP-43G348C mice have
shown unaffected NF-B and decreased TANK-binding kinase (TBK1) signaling when compared
to BMDMs from TDP-43G348C mice. Aged Optn470T/TDP-43G348C mice have shown decreased
body weight and improved motor and cognitive abilities compared to TDP-43G348C mice of the
same age. We also analyzed these mice in inflammatory conditions, which were reported to
aggravate ALS/FTD phenotype. A three-day LPS administration resulted in a significant body
weight loss and higher mortality of TDP-43G348C mice, which was rescued in Optn470T/TDP
43G348C mice. LPS-administered Optn470T/TDP-43G348C mice have shown decreased numbers of
splenocytes, B cells, classical dendritic (cDC) and natural killer cells. Lastly, we observed an
increase in chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and IL-10 serum levels in TDP-43G348C and
Optn470T/TDP-43G348C mice, respectively. Altogether, the presence of Optn470T truncation was
insufficient to cause ALS/FTD-like neuropathology during aging. In contrast, Optn470T truncation
has shown a protective effect in the presence of TDP-43G348C transgene in the basal state and during
inflammation in aged mice, which could have been caused by decreased TDP-43G348C transgene
levels in Optn470T/TDP-43G348C mice. Analysis of neuropathology and neuroinflammation in the
hippocampus (region responsible for memory) and denervation of neuromuscular junctions will
be performed to confirm this.Amiotrofična lateralna skleroza (ALS) i frontotemporalna demencija (FTD) su
neurodegenerativne bolesti odraslih ljudi koje su karakterizirane gubitkom neurona,
neuroinflamacijom i agregacijom TAR DNA-vezujućeg proteina 43 (TDP-43) u različitim
dijelovima središnjeg živčanog sustava (SŽS). Obje bolesti mogu biti uzrokovane mutacijama istih
gena, jedan od kojih je OPTN, koji kodira protein optineurin. Optineurin je ubikvitin-vezujući
adaptorski protein koji regulira razne stanične funkcije, uključujući upalnu signalizaciju,
autofagiju, vezikularno i mitohondrijalno prometovanje. Kako bismo izučili ulogu optineurina u
bolesti, naša istraživačka skupina generirala je mišji model insuficijencije optineurina (Optn470T)
kojem nedostaje ubikvitin-vezujuća regija. Starenje je glavni faktor rizika neurodegenerativnih
bolesti koji znatno utječe na imunosni sustav te rezultira kroničnom upalom slabog intenziteta,
odnosno „upalnim starenjem“. S obzirom na ulogu optineurina u upalnoj signalizaciji, koja je
poremećena u ALS/FTD pacijenata, proveli smo detaljnu analizu Optn470T miševa tijekom starenja.
Evaluirali smo simptome ALS/FTD-a analizirajući motoričke i kognitivne sposobnosti,
neuropatologiju (gubitak neurona, TDP-43 agregacija i akumulacija lipofuscina) i
neuroinflamaciju. Zamijetili smo da starenje Optn470T miševa nije pogoršalo gubitak motoričkih i
kognitivnih sposobnosti pronađenih u miševima divljeg tipa (WT). Ove nalaze potvrdili smo
nedostatkom neuropatologije i pojačane neuroinflamacije u starim Optn470T miševima. S obzirom
da ALS i starenje također utječu na periferne imunosne stanice, analizirali smo polarizaciju T
stanica. Pronašli smo smanjeni postotak CD4+ pomoćničkih T stanica koje proizvode faktor
nekroze tumora (TNF) i interleukin (IL)-17A te povećan postotak CD8+ T stanica u Optn470T
miševima u odnosu na WT miševe. Jedan od novih potencijalnih obilježja ALS-a je smanjena
fagocitoza mikroglije i makrofaga koja je pronađena tijekom starenja i u ALS pacijenata. Ovdje
smo pronašli smanjeni postotak fagocitirajućih makrofaga deriviranih iz koštane srži (BMDM
ovi) starih miševa, koja nije bila poremećena u prisustvu insuficijencije optineurina. Kako bismo
testirali ukoliko će dodatne genetske mutacije doprinijeti razvoju bolesti, proveli smo križanje
Optn470T i TDP-43G348C miševa, gdje je za potonjeg pokazano da razvija ALS/FTD simptome.
Uspješno smo potvrdili generaciju Optn470T/TDP-43G348C miševa, koji su pokazali nižu razinu
ekspresije TDP-43G348C transgena u usporedbi s TDP-43G348C miševima, što je potencijalni
protektivni mehanizam Optn470T trunkacije. Pronađeno je kako TDP-43 direktno regulira upalnu signalizaciju posredovanu nuklearnim faktorom (NF)-B, što mi nismo zamijetili u našim
eksperimentima s BMDM-ovima. Suprotno tome, BMDM-ovi iz Optn470T/TDP-43G348C miševa
stimulirani lipopolisaharidom (LPS-om) su pokazali normalnu NF-B te smanjenu aktivaciju
TANK-vezujuće kinaze 1 (TBK1) signalizacije u usporedbi s BMDM-ovima iz TDP-43G348C
miševa. Ostarjeli Optn470T/TDP-43G348C miševi pokazali su nižu tjelesnu masu te unaprijeđene
motoričke i kognitivne sposobnosti u usporedbi s TDP-43G348C miševima iste dobi. Ove miševe
smo također analizirali u upalnim uvjetima za koje je pokazano da pogoršavaju ALS/FTD fenotip.
Trodnevna administracija LPS-a rezultirala je značajnim gubitkom tjelesne mase i visokom
smrtnošću TDP-43G348C miševa, koje su bile značajno ublažene u Optn470T/TDP-43G348C miševima.
U Optn470T/TDP-43G348C miševa administriranih LPS-om pronađen je niži broj splenocita, B
stanica, klasičnih dendritičkih stanica (cDC) i prirodnih stanica ubojica. Na kraju smo pronašli
povećanje kemokinog C-C liganda 2 (CCL2) i interleukina-10 u TDP-43G348C i Optn470T/TDP
43G348C miševima. Sveukupno, prisustvo Optn470T trunkacije je nedovoljno za izazivanje ALS/FTD
neuropatologije tijekom starenja. Međutim, Optn470T trunkacija je pokazala protektivni učinak u
prisustvu TDP-43G348C transgena u bazalnom stanju i tijekom upale u starih miševa, što bi moglo
biti uzorkovano smanjenim razinama TDP-43G348C transgena u Optn470T/TDP-43G348C miševima.
Analiza neuropatologije i neuroinflamacije u hipokampusu (regiji odgovornoj za memoriju) te
denervacije neuromišićnih spojnica će biti provedene kako bismo to potvrdili
Exploring the impact of SerpinA3n deficiency on prion strains propagation
No full textTransmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a group of devastating neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the conversion of the normal cellular prion protein (PrPC) into its misfolded, pathogenic form, PrPSc. Despite significant research, the exact molecular mechanisms driving PrPC to PrPSc conversion remain elusive and are thought to involve multiple molecules or cofactors. One protein of interest, SERPINA3 (murine SerpinA3n), is an acute-phase protein, a member of the serine protease inhibitor family. Intriguingly, SERPINA3 expression is notably upregulated in the brains of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and in mice experimentally infected with prions, suggesting a potential role in prion disease pathology. In this study, we deepened the role of SerpinA3n in prion conversion and propagation by utilizing SerpinA3n-deficient (SerpinA3n-/-) mice intracerebrally injected with the RML, 139A, or ME7 prion strains. Our results showed that the specific absence of SerpinA3n did not significantly affect prion propagation, as evidenced by the lack of notable changes in clinical and neuropathological assessments. Compensatory mechanisms involving other serpins or molecules may mitigate the effects of the specific absence of SerpinA3n, thereby maintaining efficient prion propagation
Inspection and maintenance planning of cargo handling and storage systems on ships of different purposes
No full textRad objedinjuje ključne aspekte sustava prihvata i sustava skladištenja tereta na brodovima različite namjene, s posebnim naglaskom na tehničke zahtjeve, klasifikacijske kriterije te strategije održavanja ovih sustava. U suvremenom pomorstvu, globalna trgovina ovisi o efikasnosti i sigurnosti brodskih operacija te pravilno planiranom i provedenom održavanju opreme. Detaljno su analizirane karakteristike tankera, kontejnerskih i RO-RO brodova, pri čemu se ističu specifične tehničke komponente poput rampi, dizalica, vodilica i sustava za učvršćivanje tereta. U kontekstu sve veće složenosti brodskih sustava i rastućih tržišnih zahtjeva, rad pobliže istražuje ulogu preventivnog i korektivnog održavanja, važnost vođenja dokumentacije, periodičnih pregleda te uključivanje digitalnih tehnologija poput PMS sustava, senzora, NDT metoda i umjetne inteligencije. Sustavno održavanje produljuje životni vijek opreme, smanjuje ekološke rizike i omogućuje optimizaciju troškova, što u konačnici potvrđuje da je kvalitetno održavanje temelj za sigurnu, učinkovitu i održivu brodsku industriju, u skladu s globalnim standardima i budućim tehnološkim trendovima.The paper brings together the key aspects of cargo handling and storage systems on vessels of various types, with a particular focus on technical requirements, classification criteria, and maintenance strategies. In modern maritime transport, global trade depends on the efficiency and safety of ship operations, as well as on properly planned and executed equipment maintenance. The study provides a detailed analysis of tankers, container ships, and RO-RO vessels, highlighting specific technical components such as ramps, cranes, cell guides, and cargo securing systems. These regulations and standards define the technical requirements for ship safety and maintenance. In the context of increasing complexity of ship systems and rising market demands, the paper examines the role of preventive and corrective maintenance, the importance of documentation, periodic inspections, and the integration of digital technologies such as PMS systems, sensors, NDT methods, and artificial intelligence. Systematic maintenance extends equipment lifespan, reduces environmental risks, and enables cost optimization, ultimately confirming that quality maintenance is a foundation for a safe, efficient, and sustainable shipping industry in line with global standards and future technological trends
DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA SINCE DEMOCRATIC CHANGES
No full textRazvoj civilnog društva predstavlja važnu ulogu u razvoju demokracije i društvenog napretka države. Ono samo po sebi obuhvaća različite organizacije, udruge i inicijative koje djeluju izvan državnog okvira i nastoje zagovarati interese građana, promicati društvene promjene i javne interese, ali i zalagati se za opće dobro. Takve organizacije su česti pokretači pozitivnih promjena jer se zalažu za ljudska prava, socijalnu pravdu, zaštitu okoliša te veću transparentnost rada institucija. Povijesno gledano, u Hrvatskoj se civilno društvo razvijalo kroz nekoliko važnih faza – od humanitarne pomoći tijekom Domovinskog rata, preko institucionalnog jačanja i usklađivanja s europskim standardima, do profesionalizacije nakon ulaska u Europsku uniju 2013. godine. Današnji pravni okvir civilnog društva u Hrvatskoj temelji se na zakonima koji reguliraju rad udruga, zaklada i drugih neprofitnih organizacija. Ključne institucije, poput Ureda za udruge Vlade RH i Nacionalne zaklade za razvoj civilnog društva, osiguravaju financijsku i administrativnu podršku. Financiranje se najvećim dijelom osigurava iz državnog i lokalnog proračuna, europskih fondova te kroz donacije privatnog sektora. Europske integracije dodatno su potaknule razvoj civilnog sektora otvaranjem pristupa EU fondovima i jačanjem suradnje s organizacijama iz inozemstva. Unatoč napretku, civilno društvo i dalje se suočava s brojnim izazovima – od niskog povjerenja javnosti, preko regionalnih razlika u razvijenosti sektora, do složenih birokratskih procedura. Za razvoj civilnog društva kroz budućnost, važno je osigurati financijsku održivost organizacija, unaprijediti zakonski okvir, razviti bolju suradnju s gospodarstvom i medijima te uključiti više mladih u rad civilnog društva. Ako se ti procesi nastave, civilno društvo može i dalje imati značajan utjecaj na demokratizaciju i stabilnost Hrvatske, pridonoseći izgradnji pravednijeg i uključivijeg društva.The development of civil society is a key element in democratization and social progress. Civil society includes organizations, associations, and initiatives that operate independently of the government, advocating for citizens' interests, promoting social change, and working for the public good. It also plays an important role in strengthening democracy and contributing to a fairer and more just society. Its main functions include defending human rights, promoting social justice, protecting the environment, and ensuring transparency in institutions. In Croatia, civil society has gone through several phases—starting with humanitarian aid during the Homeland War, followed by institutional strengthening and alignment with European standards, and eventually professionalization after joining the European Union in 2013. The legal and institutional framework of civil society in Croatia is based on laws regulating associations, foundations, and other non-profit organizations. Key institutions, such as the Government Office for Cooperation with NGOs and the National Foundation for Civil Society Development, provide financial and administrative support. Funding comes from national and local budgets, European Union funds, and private sector donations. European integration has had a strong impact on the growth of civil society, providing access to EU funding, fostering cooperation with European NGOs, and strengthening organizational capacities. However, challenges such as low public trust, regional inequalities, and bureaucratic obstacles still limit further progress. In the future, it will be essential to improve financial sustainability, enhance legal frameworks, strengthen cooperation with the private sector, and increase media involvement in promoting civil society. By encouraging active participation from citizens and young people, civil society can continue to support democracy and social stability in Croatia, making it a more inclusive and resilient society
Mindset and the use of generative artificial intelligence among students in educational context
No full textOvo istraživanje, kao i drugi dosadašnji nalazi, ukazuje na to da studenti uvelike koriste chatbotove (engl. chatbots) temeljene na umjetnoj inteligenciji u obrazovnom kontekstu. Interakciju s takvim alatima određuje mnogo čimbenika među kojima su karakteristike samih studenata. Ovim se istraživanjem nastojalo doprinijeti razumijevanju korištenja chatbotova temeljenih na umjetnoj inteligenciji (chatbotovi UI) fokusiranjem na motivacijske aspekte. Prema tome, cilj je ovog istraživanja bio ispitati ulogu samoučinkovitosti za samoregulaciju učenja i akademske strasti kao posrednika između misaonog sklopa o inteligenciji i oslanjanja na chatbotove UI kod studenata/ica u obrazovnom kontekstu. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 358 studenata (230 žena i 128 muškarca), različitih studijskih godina i programa. Provedeno je online i upitnički. Ispitanici su ispunjavali skale misaonog sklopa (fiksni i rastući, motivacijska uvjerenja i orijentacije, razvojno uvjerenje), samoučinkovitosti za samoregulaciju učenja (na nastavi i izvan nastave), strasti te upitnik oslanjanja na chatbotove UI kod studenata u obrazovnom kontekstu (elaboracija i razjašnjavanje, izvršavanje akademskih zadataka, učenje i vježbanje, holistička podrška te uređivanje i izrada multimedijalnog sadržaja). Dobivena je značajna pozitivna povezanost rastućeg misaonog sklopa sa samoučinkovitosti za samoregulaciju učenja na nastavi i pozitivna povezanost motivacijskih uvjerenja i orijentacija te razvojnog uvjerenja sa samučinkovitosti u samoregulaciji učenja i s akademskom strašću. Nadalje, motivacijska uvjerenja i orijentacije su značajno negativno povezane s oslanjanjem na chatbotove UI prilikom izvršavanjem akademskih zadataka. Razvojno uvjerenje je značajno negativno povezano sa svim podljestvicama oslanjanja izuzev elaboracije i razjašnjavanja. Fiksni misaoni sklop je pak značajno pozitivno povezan s izvršavanjem akademskih zadataka i uređivanjem i izradom multimedijalnog sadržaja. Ovi rezultati su djelomično u skladu s predviđanjima. U skladu s očekivanjima, dobiven je značajni neizravni efekt razvojnog uvjerenja te motivacijskih uvjerenja i orijentacije na izvršavanje akademskih zadataka putem samoučinkovitosti u samoregulaciji učenja na nastavi. Tako veća razina razvojnog uvjerenja te motivacijskih uvjerenja i orijentacija povećava samoučinkovitost u samoregulaciji učenja na nastavi koja smanjuje oslanjanje na chatbotove za izvršavanje akademskih zadataka.This study, along with previous findings, indicates that students extensively use AI-based chatbots in educational settings. The interaction with such tools is determined by many factors, including the characteristics of the students. This research aimed to contribute to the understanding of the use of AI chatbots by focusing on motivational aspects. Accordingly, the
aim of the study was to examine the role of self-efficacy for self-regulated learning and academic passion as mediators between intelligence mindset and reliance on AI-based chatbots among students in educational context. The study included 358 students (230 women and 128 men) from different years and academic programs in Croatia. It was conducted online using a survey methodology. Participants completed questionnaires on mindset (fixed and growth mindset, motivational beliefs and orientations, developmental beliefs), self-efficacy for self-regulated learning (in and outside the classroom), passion and reliance on AI-based chatbots in educational contexts (elaboration and clarifications, completing academic tasks, learning and practice, holistic support, editing and creating multimedia content). A significant positive correlation was
found between a growth mindset and self-efficacy for self-regulated learning in the classroom, as well as between motivational beliefs and orientations and both subscales of self-efficacy for self-regulated learning and academic passion. Furthermore, a motivational beliefs and orientations were significantly negatively associated with the completing of academic tasks. Developmental beliefs were significantly negatively associated with all reliance subscales except for the
elaborations and clarifications. A fixed mindset was significantly positively correlated with completing academic tasks and with editing and creating multimedia content. These results are partially in line with the hypotheses. As expected, a significant indirect effect of developmental beliefs and motivational beliefs and orientations on completion of academic tasks was found, mediated by self-efficacy for self-regulated learning in the classroom. Specifically, a higher level of developmental beliefs and motivational beliefs and orientations increases self-efficacy for self-regulated learning in the classroom, which in turn reduces reliance on chatbots for completing academic tasks
Import and export analysis of DOK-ING d.o.o.
No full textU ovom radu analizirati će se uvoz i izvoz poduzeća DOK-ING d.o.o. Poduzeće je u privatnom vlasništvu s osnovnom djelatnošću proizvodnje specijalnih strojeva posebne namjene. S obzirom na broj zaposlenih, godišnji promet i bilancu, svrstava se u velika poduzeća. Cilj rada je utvrditi na koji način uvoz sirovina i izvoz specijaliziranih proizvoda, utječe na poslovanje i konkurentnost poduzeća DOK-ING d.o.o. Rad daje uvid u tokove nabave i prodaje, uključujući razradu logističkih procesa, strukturu izvoza i uvoza, kao i tehnički opis specijaliziranih strojeva koje poduzeće proizvodi. Najvažniji zaključci istraživanja su da učinkovit uvoz sirovina i snažan izvoz specijaliziranih proizvoda omogućuju poduzeću očuvanje i jačanje konkurentnosti čak i u uvjetima globalnih nestabilnosti. Povećanje prihoda i dobiti, unapređenje logistike te ulaganja u inovativne i ekološki osviještene sustave potvrđuju sposobnost poduzeća za prilagodbu tržišnim izazovima i održiv rast. Ovakvi rezultati pokazuju da DOK-ING d.o.o. svojim jasnim ciljevima, inovativnim pristupom i kvalitetnim upravljanjem može poslužiti kao primjer uspješnog hrvatskog izvoznog poduzeća u izazovnom globalnom okruženju.In this paper, the author will analyze the import and export of the company DOK-ING d.o.o. The company is privately owned and its main activity is the production of special purpose machinery. Considering the number of employees, annual turnover and balance sheet, it is classified as a large company. The aim of the paper is to determine how the import of raw materials and the export of specialized products affect the business and competitiveness of the company DOK-ING d.o.o. The paper provides insight into the supply and sales flows, including the development of logistics processes, the structure of exports and imports, as well as a technical description of the specialized machines produced by the company. The most important conclusions of the research are that efficient import of raw materials and strong export of specialized products enable the company to maintain and strengthen its competitiveness even in conditions of global instability. Increasing revenue and profit, improving logistics and investing in innovative and environmentally conscious systems confirm the company's ability to adapt to market challenges and sustainable growth. These results show that DOK-ING d.o.o. with its clear goals, innovative approach and quality management, it can serve as an example of a successful Croatian export company in a challenging global environment