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Threshold concepts in mathematics education
No full textU ovom radu istražuje se koncept praga u nastavi matematike. U sam rad najprije se kreće s definiranjem njegovog značenja te analizom metodologije za njegovu detekciju, odnosno čime se to služimo kako bi provjerili i sami se uvjerili je li nešto koncept praga. Nakon toga, provodi se istraživanje među studentima, u ovom slučaju matematike, te među nastavnicima osnovnih i srednjih škola, ali u ovom radu fokus će ostati na samim studentima. Nakon analize samih rezultata u kojima se nudi detaljnija analiza određenih koncepata praga prelazi se na aktivnost vezanu uz jedan od koncepata. Cilj aktivnosti je jačanje razumijevanja ključnog matematičkog koncepta, sve s namjerom prevladavanja prepreka u učenju te je ista aktivnost provedena s učenicima na nastavi. Također, bitno je napomenuti da usvajanje samog koncepta praga zahtijeva nešto više vremena, budući da ga je teško odmah u potpunosti shvatiti.This paper explores the concept of a threshold concept in mathematics education. It begins by defining its meaning and analyzing the methodology for its detection; that is, the tools and approaches used to verify and confirm whether something qualifies as a threshold concept. Following this, a study is conducted among students, specifically mathematics students, as well as among primary and secondary school teachers. However, the focus of this paper will remain on the students themselves. After analyzing the results, which include a more detailed examination of certain threshold concepts, the paper moves on to an activity related to one of these concepts. The aim of the activity is to strengthen the understanding of a key mathematical concept, with the intention of overcoming learning obstacles. This activity was also implemented in classroom teaching with students. It is important to note that fully grasping a threshold concept often requires more time, as it is not easily or immediately understood
Buccal Mucosa Graft in Urethral Stricture Repair – A Case Report
No full textCilj: Prikazati etiologiju i kliničke manifestacije striktura uretre, ali i istaknuti važnost njihova liječenja u što ranijem tijeku bolesti otvorenim kirurškim tehnikama, u ovom slučaju upotrebom bukalne sluznice. Prikaz slučaja: Pacijent u dobi od 64 godine zaprimljen je na Kliniku za urologiju zbog strikture uretre i sumnje na enterovezikalnu fistulu. Tijekom prvog boravka u bolnici učinjena je optička uretrotomija dviju semicirkularnih kratkih striktura bulbarnog dijela uretre hladnim nožićem. Eksploracijom mokraćnog mjehura nije pronađena vezikalna fistula. U pacijenta su se redovito provodile mehaničke dilatacije uretre kako bi se spriječila restenoza. Nakon godinu dana redovitih mehaničkih dilatacija počeli su se javljati simptomi donjeg mokraćnog sustava, a pacijent je bio liječen i antibiotski zbog akutnog prostatitisa. Pacijent je bio podvrgnut drugoj uretrotomiji, ponovno zbog dviju striktura bulbarnog dijela uretre. Bolesnik je ubrzo nakon operacije ponovno razvio simptome donjeg mokraćnog sustava – cistoskopski je utvrđena ponovna striktura te je bolesnik pristao na uretroplastiku upotrebom bukalne sluznice. Tri mjeseca nakon učinjene uretroplastike, uretroskopija je bila uredna, a bolesnik više nije imao simptome donjih mokraćnih puteva. Zaključak: Zlatni standard u liječenju striktura uretre jest uretroplastika, koja se ističe visokom stopom uspješnosti. Unatoč tome, mnogi pacijenti i dalje se podvrgavaju manje uspješnim tehnikama liječenja. Ovaj prikaz slučaja naglašava važnost pravovremene primjene otvorene kirurgije kako bi se izbjegle komplikacije povezane s manje uspješnim metodama liječenja. Rano usmjeravanje pacijenata prema uretroplastici kao optimalnoj opciji liječenja može značajno smanjiti rizik od nepotrebnih komplikacija i trajno riješiti problem striktura uretre.Aim: To present the etiology and clinical manifestations of urethral strictures and emphasize the importance of early treatment using open surgical techniques, specifically with buccal mucosa grafts. Case Report: A 64-year-old patient was admitted to the Urology Clinic with a urethral stricture and suspected enterovesical fistula. Initially, an optical urethrotomy was performed using a cold knife to treat two semicircular short strictures in the bulbar part of the urethra. No vesical fistula was found upon bladder exploration. The patient underwent urethral dilation to prevent restenosis. After a year of regular urethral dilations, the patient began experiencing lower urinary tract symptoms again and was also treated with antibiotics for acute prostatitis. A second urethrotomy was performed due to recurrent strictures in the bulbar region of the urethra. Shortly after this operation, the patient again exhibited lower urinary tract symptoms. Cystoscopy confirmed a recurrent stricture, and the patient opted for urethroplasty using a buccal mucosa graft. Three months post-urethroplasty, urethroscopy showed a normal urethra, and the patient no longer experienced lower urinary tract symptoms. Conclusion: The gold standard in the treatment of urethral strictures is urethroplasty. Despite this, many patients still undergo less successful treatment techniques. This case report emphasizes the importance of timely open surgery to avoid complications associated with less effective treatment methods. Early referral of patients to urethroplasty as the optimal treatment option can significantly reduce the risk of unnecessary complications and provide a permanent solution to the problem of urethral strictures
Silicon-Mediated Modulation of Olive Leaf Phytochemistry: Genotype-Specific and Stress-Dependent Responses
No full textSecondary metabolites in olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves constitute a complex framework wherein phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, and secoiridoids in particular, serve as major contributors to olive plant resilience. Silicon (Si) stands as a mediator of defense mechanisms in plants, enhancing their protective responses and adaptability. A field trial on one-year-old plantlets of two metabolically distinct olive genotypes was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar-applied Si on the phytochemical profiles of locally treated leaves. Silicon’s systemic effects in juvenile leaves were also appraised. We accounted for intervarietal differences in nutrient uptake and conducted in situ measurements of physiological indices. The peak of the summer season and the onset of autumn were chosen as the two sampling time points. Intense summer conditions prompted metabolic adjustments that resulted in phytochemical profiles unique to each cultivar. These profiles were further significantly altered by Si while remaining genotype-specific, with substantial increases in prominent compounds like oleuropein (105% and 252%) and verbascoside (62% and 126%), depending on the genotype. As the pressure from environmental factors eased, the differences in Si-mediated phytochemical responses emerged. Silicon had a limited effect on the phytochemical profile of the resilient cultivar which acquired a metabolic steady-state, while it significantly altered the profile of its metabolically more versatile counterpart, resulting with a progressive increase in its oleuropein (37%) and verbascoside (26%) levels. These effects extended to untreated, juvenile leaves as well. While effective in altering and improving the phytochemical composition of olive leaves, Si acted in a manner that adhered to each genotype’s metabolic foundation. The intensity of environmental constraints, along with each cultivar’s inherent sensitivity to them, seems to be tied to silicon’s capacity to mediate significant phytochemical alterations. The extent of silicon’s prophylactic function may therefore be dependent on a genotype’s metabolic foundation and overall sensitivity, and as such it seems inseparable from stress and its intensity
Periapically Extruded Calcium Silicate Cements in Retreated Teeth: A Case Report and Literature Review
No full textCalcium silicate–based materials, known for their bioactive properties, are increasingly being used in endodontic therapy. Accidental extrusion of these materials into the periapical tissue is a relatively common phenomenon that can impede periapical healing. The aim of this article is to present three endodontically retreated case reports with moderate to extensive periapical lesions and to review the literature on this topic. The comprehensive search and analysis of the relevant literature included a review of 51 articles, of which nine case reports/series from 2010 to 2023 were considered. Based on the summarized data, over 80% of the retreated cases showed complete healing of the periapical lesions, while the success rate in initially treated teeth was over 90%. Healing of periapical lesions is the most common therapeutic outcome, even in cases where extrusion occurs. Despite this conclusion, extrusion of materials into periapical tissues should be avoided. Further case reports on the extrusion of calcium silicate–based materials other than MTA are recommended. When evaluating the success rate of periapical healing in such cases, it is recommended to extend the follow‐up periods to several years
Functional mobility and depression negatively impact quality of life in older adults with stroke
No full textBackground: The quality of life (QoL) in elderly post-stroke patients may deteriorate due to an interplay of physical and psychological impairments, compounded by social challenges stemming from these issues. Objective: This study aimed to identify predictors of QoL in elderly post-stroke patients by evaluating their functional capabilities, depressive symptoms, and levels of social support. Methods: A cohort of 122 individuals aged 65 and older, who had experienced a stroke, was assessed. Functional independence was gauged using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), depressive states were evaluated with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and social support was quantified through the Social Support Scale (SSS). The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was employed to measure QoL. Results: The FIM and GDS scores were significant predictors for WHOQOL-BREF domains 1 and 2 (adjusted R² = 0.522, p < 0.01; and adjusted R² = 0.586, p < 0.01, respectively). GDS alone was a significant predictor for domain 3 (adjusted R² = 0.236, p < 0.01), while all variables were significant predictors for domain 4 (adjusted R² = 0.315, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Depression, motor function, and social support were identified as the primary predictors of QoL in elderly individuals after suffering a strok
ANALYSING THE PREFERENCES OF WINE CONSUMERS USING MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS
No full textWine research and the preferences of wine consumers have been the focus of interest for many scientists over the last two decades. One of the reasons for this is that wine is more than just a product for consumers and wine can also be seen as an experiential good, which means that consumers can only judge its quality after consuming it. It is therefore important to research their preferences in order to understand which characteristics of wine influence their purchasing decisions. Analysing wine consumers' preferences is important so that producers can adapt their production and sales strategies to current demand. The aim of the study is to find out which factors have the greatest influence on the purchase of wine and then to rank the types of wine based on consumer preferences. The importance of the individual criteria that influence the consumer's choice of wine and the motivation for this choice are analysed in this article with the help of the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The alternatives used in the analysis are the most popular white and red wine varieties, as most red and white wines are produced in the Republic of Croatia. The main criteria selected for the analysis are mainly related to the market characteristics of wine and the characteristics of wine quality. The criteria were selected on the basis of the researched literature and those that were mentioned most frequently were chosen. The following wine quality criteria are used: aroma, acidity, sugar content, alcohol content, vintage and geographical indication. As far as the market characteristics of the wine are concerned, the study uses the criterion of wine price. The most important criteria chosen by respondents when buying wine were the sweetness of the wine, the price of the wine and the aroma of the wine. Muscat Ottonel was chosen as the best alternative for white wine and Plavac Mali for red wine. The results of the analysis show that the average wine consumer in Croatia has a high level of education, lives in a family with a monthly income of up to 4,000 euros, buys wine directly from the producer and favours white wine as well as semi-sweet and semi-dry wines
WORK OF FOREIGN WORKERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
No full textRad stranih radnika postao je nezaobilazan segment suvremenog hrvatskog tržišta rada. Posljednjih godina Hrvatska se suočava s kroničnim nedostatkom radne snage u pojedinim djelatnostima, osobito u građevinarstvu, turizmu i zdravstvu. Nakon ulaska u Europsku uniju (dalje u tekstu EU), značajan broj hrvatskih radnika, posebice iz navedenih sektora, iskoristio je pravo na slobodno kretanje i zaposlenje u drugim državama članicama, što je dodatno pojačalo postojeći deficit domaće radne snage.
S obzirom na to da tradicionalni izvori radnika iz susjednih zemalja jugoistočne Europe više ne mogu zadovoljiti potrebe tržišta, sve češće se zapošljavanje usmjerava prema državljanima trećih zemalja, najčešće iz azijskog prostora, poput Nepala, Indije i Bangladeša. Taj trend otvara niz izazova, ponajprije vezanih uz jezične barijere, kulturne razlike i procese integracije, ali istovremeno predstavlja i važan potencijal za daljnji gospodarski razvoj Hrvatske.
Do 2021. godine zapošljavanje stranih državljana bilo je uređeno kvotnim sustavom, koji se pokazao nedovoljno prilagodljivim potrebama tržišta rada. Kao odgovor na ubrzane promjene uveden je fleksibilniji sustav temeljen na testu tržišta rada, koji poslodavcima omogućuje zapošljavanje stranaca pod uvjetom da ne postoji dostupna domaća radna snaga za traženo radno mjesto.The employment of foreign nationals has become an integral component of the contemporary Croatian labour market. In recent years, the Republic of Croatia has been facing a persistent shortage of labour in specific sectors, particularly in construction, tourism, and healthcare. Following accession to the European Union, a significant number of Croatian workers, especially from the aforementioned sectors, exercised their right to free movement and sought employment in other Member States, thereby exacerbating the domestic labour deficit.
Given that traditional sources of labour from neighbouring Southeast European countries can no longer meet the demands of the Croatian labour market, employers are increasingly turning to third-country nationals, predominantly from Asian countries such as Nepal, India, and Bangladesh. This trend presents a range of challenges, primarily related to language barriers, cultural integration, and social inclusion, but also constitutes a potential driver of further economic development.
Until 2021, the employment of third-country nationals was regulated through a quota-based system, which proved insufficiently responsive to the dynamic needs of the labour market. In response, a more flexible mechanism was introduced, based on the labour market test, allowing employers to hire foreign workers where no suitable domestic candidates are available for the specific position
Potential cyber threats to certain systems on board ships
No full textRad objasnjava potencijalne prijetnje u pomorskoj industriji kroz sigurnosne izazove u vezi s informacijskim sustavima. S obzirom na razinu razvoja digitalizacije i automatizacije brodskih operacija, naglasena je potreba za ucinkovitom zastitom od kibernetickih napada da bi se umanjila mogucnost ugrozavanja sigurnosti. Rad se temelji na analizi kibernetickih napada i ranjivosti sustava kao sto su Sustav za automatsku identifikaciju, Globalni sustav za odredivanje polozaja i Informacijski sustav i prikaz elektronickih karata. Cilj je povecati svijest o vaznosti sigurnosti u pomorskom sektoru i na temelju toga razviti strategije zastite informacijskih sustava na moru.The paper explains potential threats in the maritime industry through security challenges related to information systems. Given the level of development of digitalization and automation in ship operations, the need for effective protection against cyberattacks is emphasized in order to reduce the risk of compromising security. The paper is based on the analysis of cyberattacks, vulnerabilities in systems such as Automatic Identification System, Global Positioning System, and Electronic Chart Display and Information System. The goal is to raise awareness about the importance of security in the maritime sector and, based on this, develop strategies for protecting information systems at sea
THE SUSPENDED SENTENCE AND PARTIALLY SUSPENDED SENTENCE
No full textDiplomski rad obrađuje institut uvjetne osude i djelomične uvjetne osude kao kaznenopravne sankcije koje imaju važnu ulogu u individualizaciji kazne i ostvarivanju svrhe kažnjavanja, posebno u području resocijalizacije počinitelja kaznenih djela. U prvom dijelu rada predstavljeni su temeljni modeli uvjetne osude: probacijski, francusko belgijski i mješoviti, uz poseban osvrt na mješoviti model koji se primjenjuje u Republici Hrvatskoj.
Kroz prikaz važećeg zakonodavnog okvira detaljno se analiziraju formalne i materijalne pretpostavke za izricanje uvjetne i djelomične uvjetne osude, značaj trajanja vremena provjeravanja, institut opoziva te mogućnosti izricanja dopunskih obveza poput posebnih obveza, zaštitnog nadzora i sigurnosnih mjera. Naglašena je i uloga probacijskih elemenata koji doprinose učinkovitijoj provedbi ovih instituta.
Djelomična uvjetna osuda kao noviji institut hrvatskog kaznenog prava razmatra se u kontekstu njezine funkcije, svrhe i razloga uvođenja, posebno s obzirom na potrebu popunjavanja praznine između uvjetne osude i bezuvjetnog izvršenja kazne zatvora.
Završni dio rada donosi pregled cjelokupne sudske prakse u Republici Hrvatskoj i analizu četrdeset pravomoćnih sudskih presuda od kojih se dvadeset odnosi na uvjetnu, a dvadeset na djelomičnu uvjetnu osudu. Analizom presuda nastoji se prikazati način na koji sudovi u praksi primjenjuju ove institute te identificirati pozitivne rezultate i eventualne nedosljednosti ili nedostatke..
Cilj rada bio je ukazati na pravnu prirodu, praktičnu važnost i potencijale daljnjeg razvoja uvjetne i djelomične uvjetne osude u hrvatskom kaznenopravnom sustavu.This thesis examines the institution of the suspended sentence and the partially suspended sentence as criminal sanctions that play a significant role in the individualization of punishment and the achievement of penal objectives, particularly in the area of offender resocialization. The first part of the thesis presents the main models of suspended sentencing: the probation model, the French Belgian model and the mixed model, with special emphasis on the mixed model applied in the Republic of Croatia.
Through an overview of the current legislative framework, the thesis provides a detailed analysis of the formal and substantive conditions for imposing both suspended and partially suspended sentences, the importance of the probationary period, the revocation mechanism, and the possibility of imposing additional obligations such as special duties, supervision measures and security measures. The role of probationary elements, which contribute to the more effective implementation of these institutions, is also highlighted.
The partially suspended sentence, as a relatively new institution in Croatian criminal law, is considered in the context of its function, purpose and the rationale for its introduction, particularly in need to overcome a gap between a fully suspended sentence and the unconditional execution of a prison sentence.
The final part of the thesis provides an overview of relevant judicial practice in the Republic of Croatia and includes an analysis of forty final court judgments, twenty involving suspended sentences and twenty involving partially suspended sentences. The analysis aims to illustrate how courts apply these sentencing options in practice and to identify positive outcomes as well as potential inconsistencies or shortcomings.
The objective of this thesis was to highlight the legal nature, practical significance and future development potential of suspended and partially suspended sentences within the Croatian criminal justice system
RESTRICTION ON THE TRANSFER OF BUSINESS SHARES IN THE CONTEXT OF FAMILY-OWNED COMPANIES
No full textU diplomskom radu obrađuje se tematika ograničenja prijenosa poslovnih udjela u kontekstu obiteljskih trgovačkih društava u Republici Hrvatskoj. U uvodnom dijelu se iznosi pojam i obilježja obiteljskih trgovačkih društava, te se prikazuju pravni oblici u Hrvatskoj. Središnji dio rada posvećen je prijenosu poslovnih udjela, uključujući razlikovanje dvije vrste pravnog posla za prijenos, pravila kako se udjeli mogu prenijeti, te propisivanje posebnog oblika za prijenos. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na ograničenja prijenosa pri čemu se prvo obrađuju ona koja postoje na temelju zakona, a zatim i neka koja se propisuju društvenim ugovorom. U završnom dijelu rada prikazuje se kako ta ograničenja izgledaju u praksi.Theme of masters thesis are restrictions on transfer of business shares in context of family owned trading companies in Republic of Croatia. Introduction will explain term and characteristics of family ownes trading companies, as well as legal forms in republic od Croatia. Main part of the thesis is focused on transfer of business shares. It includes the distinction between two types of legal transactions for transfer, the rules on how shares can be transfered and the regulation of a special form of transfer. Special focus will be put on restrictions of transferring shares. First we will process and discuss restrictions based in law, followed by restrictions dictated by social contract. Conclusion will show how restrictions work in real word