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Informed consent
No full textSažetak: Informirani pristanak je pravna doktrina i etički princip primjenjiv u području medicine. Razvoj
informiranog pristanka nije bio izoliran proces, već je na njega utjecalo dotadašnje nasljeđe, kao i povijesni
kontekst. Elementi informiranog pristanka su obaviještenost, razumijevanje i dobrovoljnost. Informiranom
pristanku pravne okvire daje Zakon o zaštiti prava pacijenata koji svakoj osobi jamči dostupnost informacija te
mogućnost pristanka ili odbijanja određenog terapijskog i/ili dijagnostičkog postupka. Informirani pristanak je
društveno dostignuće suvremenog doba koje svaku osobu štiti od zdravstvenih rizika te od povrede autonomnosti
i dostojanstva.Summary: Informed consent is a legal doctrine and an ethical principle used in a field of medicine. The
development of informed consent was not an isolated process, it was influenced both by its former heritage and
historical context. The elements of informed consent are notification, understanding and willingness. The Patient’s
Bill of Rights gives the informed consent its legal framework and it guarantees the availability of the information
and the possibility to accept or refuse any specific therapeutic or diagnostic method. Informed consent is modern
era’s social achievement that protects every person from health risks and from violation of one’s autonomy or
dignity
QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE ELDERLY WITH CHRONIC LEUKEMIA
No full textCilj: Ispitati i utvrditi prisutnost poteškoća i kvalitetu života pacijenata s kroničnom leukemijom s obzirom na spol, bračni status i starosnu dob pacijenta.
Nacrt studije: Presječna studija.
Ispitanici i metode: Za potrebe istraživanja proveden je anketni upitnik među 44 pacijenta koji su članovi Udruge leukemije i limfomi u Splitu u razdoblju od 15.06.2021. do 14.08.2021. godine. Ispitanici su anketirani preko anketnog upitnika koji se proveo pismeno, zaokruživanjem jednog od ponuđenih odgovora.
Rezultati: U provedenom istraživanju sudjelovalo je 44 ispitanika, od kojih su 58,82 % muškarci i 41,18 % žene. Za većinu ispitanika postoji statistički značajna povezanost u prisutnosti poteškoća i kvaliteti života s obzirom na starosnu dob.
Zaključak: Hipoteza H1 kojom se pretpostavlja da postoji statistički značajna razlika u prisutnosti poteškoća i kvaliteti života s obzirom na spol pacijenata prihvaća se kao istinita za prisutnost poteškoća. Hipoteza H2 kojom se pretpostavlja da postoji statistički značajna razlika u prisutnosti poteškoća i kvaliteti života s obzirom na bračni status odbacuje se kao neistinita i H3 kojom se pretpostavlja da postoji statistički značajna povezanost u prisutnosti poteškoća i kvaliteti života sa starosnom dobi prihvaća se kao istinita za prisutnost poteškoća.Objective: To examine and determine the presence of difficulties and quality of life of patients with chronic leukemia regarding gender, marital status and age of the patient.
Study design: Cross-sectional study.
Subjects and methods: For the purposes of the research, a survey questionnaire was conducted among 44 patients who are members of the Association of Leukemia and Lymphoma in Split in the period from 06/15/2021. to 08/14/2021. Respondents were interviewed through a written questionnaire, rounding off one of the offered answers.
Results: 44 respondents participated in the study, of which 58.82% were men and 41.18% women. For most respondents, there is a statistically significant association in the presence of difficulties and quality of life with respect to age.
Conclusion: Hypothesis H1, which assumes that there is a statistically significant difference in the presence of difficulties and quality of life with regard to the sex of patients, is accepted as true for the presence of difficulties. Hypothesis H2 which assumes that there is a statistically significant difference in the presence of difficulties and quality of life with regard to marital status is rejected as untrue and H3 which assumes that there is a statistically significant relationship in the presence of difficulties and quality of life with age is accepted as true for the presence difficulty
Rh immunization
No full textRh imunizacija javlja se kod Rh negativnih trudnica sa Rh pozitivnim plodom. A trudnica stvara protutijela na fetalne eritrocite. Nadzor koji se vrši nad Rh negativnim trudnicama je određivanje očevog Rh faktora, te pregledom za protutijelima u majčnom krvotoku. Postojanjem protutijela povećava se šansa da fetus razvije hemolitičku bolest ili anemiju. Najsuvremeniji nadzor je Dopler metoda. Liječenje za vrijeme trudnoće je intravaskularna transfuzija koja se može ponavljati po potrebi. Prevencija Rh senzibilizacije Rh negativnih trudnica provodi se davanjem imunoglobulina nakon bilo kakvog zahvata tokom trudnoće, pobačaja ili poroda.Rh immunization occursin Rh negative pregnant women with Rh positive fetus. A pregnant woman makes antibodies to fetal erythrocytes. Surveillance performed on Rh-negative pregnant women is the determination of father's Rh factor, andexamination for antibodies in the maternal bloodstream. The presence of antibodies increases the chance that the fetus will develop hemolytic disease or anemia. The most modern controlisthe Doppler method. Treatment during pregnancy is an intravascular transfusion that can be repeated as needed. Preventionof Rh sensitization of Rh negative pregnant women is carried out by giving immunoglobulins afterany procedure during pregnancy, abortion or childbirth
GUIDELINES OVERVIEW FOR PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC ASSESSMENT OF SCOLIOSIS
No full textSažetak: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je na osnovu pregleda najnovijih smjernica za skoliozu sistematizirati te prikazati najnovije smjernice za fizioterapijsku procjenu kod pojedinih tipova skolioze. Pri tomu je naglasak bio na standardnoj fizioterapijskoj procjeni. Za prikupljanje podataka korištene su sljedeće baze podataka: PubMed, Pedro i Google Scholar, zaključno sa 12. veljače 2022. godine. Radovi su navedeni prema referencama, a uključivali su one koji su imali za cilj prikazati pristup u liječenju raznih tipova skolioze te smjernice za terapiju istih. Nakon sustavnog pregleda literature, odnosno metoda pristupa tretiranju skolioze, može se reći da je kod navedenih smjernica za provođenje fizioterapijske procjene utvrđena klinička vjerodostojnost. Obzirom na multifaktorsku etiologiju skolioze, pristup fizioterapijskoj procjeni također treba sagledati u tom kontekstu. Stoga je jedan od glavnih ciljeva međunarodnog Znanstvenog društva za ortopedsko i rehabilitacijsko (konzervativno) liječenje skolioze uskladiti glavne smjernice za standardnu procjenu skolioze. Upravo su fizioterapeuti važna karika za uspješno djelovanje u prevenciji daljnjeg razvoja i terapiji skolioze.Summary: The main objective of this review was to systematize and present the latest guidelines for physiotherapy assessment in certain types of scoliosis based on a review of the latest guidelines for scoliosis. The emphasis was on standard physiotherapy assessment. For data collection, PubMed, Pedro and Google Scholar were used, as of February 12, 2022. The papers were listed according to the references. They included those that aimed to present an approach in the treatment of various types of scoliosis and guidelines for their treatment. After a systematic review of the literature, ie the method of approach to the treatment of scoliosis, it can be said that the clinical guidelines have been established in the above guidelines for conducting physiotherapy assessment. Given the multifactorial etiology of scoliosis, the approach to physiotherapy assessment should also be considered in this context. Therefore, one of the main goals of the International Scientific Society for Orthopedic and Rehabilitation (Conservative) Treatment of Scoliosis is to harmonize the main guidelines for standard assessment of scoliosis. Physiotherapists are an important link for successful action in the prevention of further development and treatment of scoliosis
SECT and SECT coronarography comparison
No full textKoronarna bolest je aterosklerotska bolest koronarnih arterija s posljedičnim razvojem ishemijske bolesti srca te je jedan od vodećih uzroka smrti u razvijenim zemljama i zemljama u razvoju. ’’Zlatni’’ standard u dijagnostici koronarne bolesti je invazivna koronarografija, no razvojem koronarne CT angiografije omogućena je submilimetarski precizna procjena anatomije koronarnih arterija i srca. Dok su u ranijim fazama za potrebe koronarne CT angiografije korišteni SECT uređaji uz sinkronizaciju s EKG-om, razvoj DECT uređaja je omogućio značajan uzlet u izvođenju koronarne CT angiografije u vidu bolje procjene anatomije i stenoza koronarnih arterija uzrokovanih plakom, mogućnosti procjene perfuzije srca, dobivanje slika s minimalnom količinom artefakata, manju količinu apliciranog jodnog kontrastnog sredstva, bolju karakterizaciju aterosklerotskog plaka i njegovih komponenti, a sve to uz manje doze zračenja za pacijenta.
Dok velika većina provedenih istraživanja govori u prilog DECT uređaja spram SECT uređaja, nadalje ostaje pitanje neadekvatne utilizacije mnogobrojnih mogućnosti DECT uređaja u svakodnevnoj kliničkoj praksi što je vjerojatno posljedica slabije dostupnosti, cijene, kao i nepoznavanja načina rada DECT uređaja. DECT tehniku moguće je ostvariti na više načina, ovisno o strukturi DECT uređaja (o broju izvora zračenja, strukturi/ rasporedu detektora ili korištenju filtera), no pitanje kojom se vrstom DECT tehnike/ uređaja koristiti ovisi o nedostacima i prednostima pojedinih uređaja kao i o konačnom cilju dijagnostičke procedure.
Ubrzani razvoj tehnologije sigurno će dovesti do daljnjeg razvoja, veće dostupnosti i korištenja DECT-a, no daljnja istraživanja potrebna su kako bi se potvrdila korisnost kliničke primjene DECT-a u svakodnevnom radu te kako bi se razvili jedinstveni protokoli kojima će se moći obaviti lakši i strukturiraniji pristup uz dobivanje objektivnih rezultata za procjenu daljnjeg konzervativnog liječenja ili upućivanja na intervencijske postupke.Coronary artery disease is atherosclerotic disease of the coronary arteries with the consequent development of ischemic heart disease and is one of the leading causes of death in developed and developing countries. The "gold" standard in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease is invasive coronary angiography, but the development of coronary CT angiography allows for submillimeter-accurate assessment of the heart and coronary artery anatomy. While in the earlier stages, SECT devices with ECG synchronization were used for coronary CT angiography, the development of DECT devices enabled a significant rise in coronary CT angiography in the form of better assessment of anatomy and stenosis of coronary arteries caused by plaque, ability for cardiac perfusion assessment, obtaining image with minimal amount of artifacts, less amount of applied iodine contrast agent, better characterization of atherosclerotic plaque and its components, all with lower doses of radiation for the patient.
While the vast majority of research speaks in favour of DECT devices versus SECT devices, the question of inadequate use of many possibilities of DECT devices in everyday clinical practice remains, which is probably due to poor availability, cost and ignorance of DECT devices. DECT technique can be realized in several ways depending on the structure of DECT device (number of radiation sources, structure / arrangement of detectors or use of filters), although the question of which type of DECT technique / device should be used depends on the disadvantages and advantages of individual devices as well as purpose of the diagnostic procedure.
As the rapid development of technology will certainly lead to further development, greater availability and use of DECT, further research is needed to confirm the useful clinical impact of DECT in the everyday work process as well as to develop unique protocols that can make the whole process easier and structured with gaining objective results for assessing eventual further conservative treatment or referral to interventional procedures
Nursing diagnosis for patients after transurethral bladder resection
No full textUvod: Transuretralna resekcija tumora mokraćnog mjehura najčešći je način liječenja karcinoma mokraćnog mjehura. Marjorie Gordon predložila je obrasce zdravstvenog funkcioniranja koje je podijelila je u 11 kategorija koji medicinskim sestrama omogućuju planiranje potrebne zdravstvene njege.
Cilj: Ispitati pojavnost sestrinskih dijagnoza kroz obrasce zdravstvenog funkcioniranja koje se pojavljuju tijekom prva tri dana kod bolesnika nakon transuretralne resekcije mokraćnog mjehura
Ispitanici i metode: Ispitanici (n=60) su punoljetni bolesnici oba spola nakon transuretralne resekcije mjehura hospitaliziranih na Zavodu za urologiju KBC-a Split. Ispitivanje se provodilo na Zavodu za urologiju KBC-a Split od svibnja do srpnja 2021. godine, kroz prva tri dana praćenja nakon transuretralne resekcije mokraćnog mjehura. Anketni upitnik je sastavljen za potrebe ovog istraživanja, a sastoji se od tri neovisna dijela (sociodemografski upitnik, podaci iz sestrinske liste, pojavnost problema iz područja zdravstvenog funkcioniranja).
Rezultati: Kod ukupnog broja ispitanika zloćudna novotvorina mokraćnoga mjehura je najčešća uputna medicinska dijagnoza (n=47; 78,33%). Prema procjeni samostalnosti najveći broj ispitanika prvi poslijeoperacijski dan je ovisan u višem stupnju, imaju prisutan rizik za nastanak dekubitusa, imaju umjereni rizik za pad te su svrstani u kategoriju II (n=54; 90,00%,). Kod svih promatranih ispitanika u prvom poslijeoperacijskom danu prema obrascima zdravstvenog funkcioniranja, u obrascu „Percepcija i održavanje zdravlja“, prisutni su VR za krvarenje i VR za infekciju (n=60; 100,00%); u obrascu „Prehrana – metabolizam“ najčešće je prisutan problem „Povraćanje“ (n=26; 43,33%); u obrascu „Eliminacija“ problem „Retencija urina“ (n=58; 96,67%); u obrascu „Aktivnosti“ problemi SMBS higijena, SMBS eliminacija, SMBS odijevanje su bili prisutni kod svih bolesnika (n=60; 100,00%); u obrascu „Spavanje – odmor“ problem „Poremećaj spavanja“ (n=52; 86,67%); u obrascu „Kognitivno – perceptivne funkcije“ problem „Akutna bol“ se pojavljuje kod svih ispitanika (n=60; 100%); u obrascu „Samopercepcija“ problem „Strah“ (n=52; 86,67%); u obrascu „Seksualna aktivnost i reprodukcija“ problem „Poremećaj seksualne funkcije“ (n=37; 61,67%); u obrascu „Uloge i odnosi s drugima“ problem „Poremećaj socijalne interakcije“ (n=51; 85,00%); obrascu „Sučeljavanje i tolerancija na stres“ problem „Neučinkovito sučeljavanje sa stresom“ (n=30; 50,00%); u obrascu „Vrijednosti i stavovi“ problem „Poremećaj religioznosti“ (n=30; 50,00%). Svi promatrani problemi su treći poslijeoperacijski dan bilježili pad pojavnosti osim problema „Opstipacija“ (n=36; 60,00%) i „VR za opstipaciju“ (n=36; 60,00%) koji su se povećali, a problem „Neučinkovito održavanje zdravlja“ (n=4; 6,67%) je kroz sva tri dana praćenja imao istu pojavnost.
Zaključak: Najveći udio bolesnika (98,33%) ima pojavnost sestrinskih dijagnoza kroz sedam od jedanaest obrazaca zdravstvenog funkcioniranja. Bolesnici poviše 65 godina imaju veći udio sestrinskih dijagnoza od bolesnika u dobi manjoj od 65 godina. Veći udio komorbiditeta kod bolesnika nije utjecao na veću pojavnost sestrinskih dijagnoza. Bolesnici sa stimulacijom diureze 3 dana imaju više sestrinskih dijagnoza od bolesnika sa stimulacijom diureze 2 dana. Bolesnici sa bistrim urinom imaju manji broj sestrinskih dijagnoza i kraće trajanje sestrinskih dijagnoza od bolesnika sa hematuričnim i koncentriranim urinom. Najveći udio sestrinskih dijagnoza se pojavljuje prvi poslijeoperacijski dan. Prvi poslijeoperacijski dan je kod svih bolesnika utvrđen sestrinsko-medicinski problem „Visok rizik za krvarenje“.Introduction: Transurethral resection of bladder tumors is the most common treatment for bladder cancer. Marjorie Gordon proposed patterns of health functioning. She divided patterns of health functioning into 11 categories that allow nurses to identify 11 aspects of health and human functioning to plan necessary health care.
Aim: To examine the frequency of nursing diagnoses based on patterns of health function occurring in the first three days in patients after transurethral bladder resection.
Subject and methods: The subjects were adult patients of both sexes who were hospitalized after transurethral bladder resection in the Urology department, the University Hospital Center Split. The study was conducted from May to July 2021 in the Urology department, the University Hospital Center Split, and the patients were observed in the first three days immediately after transurethral resection of the bladder. The questionnaire was compiled for the purpose of this study and consists of three independent parts (socio-demographic questionnaire, data from nursing documentation, occurrence of health function problems).
Results: The most common admission diagnosis in all patients observed (n=47; 78,33%) was malignant neoplasm of the urinary bladder. According to the assessment of patients’ independence, most patients were highly dependent, had a high risk of developing pressure wounds, a moderate risk of falls and were categorised as II (n=54; 90,00%). All observed patients had a high risk of bleeding and a high risk of infection on the first postoperative day according to the health function forms in the „Perception and Health Maintenance“ form (n=60; 100,00%); the most common problem present in the „Nutrition – Metabolism“ form was „Vomiting“ (n=26; 43,33%); in the „Excretion“ form „Urinary retention“ (n=58; 96,67%); in the „Activity“ form, all patients had limited ability to care for themselves in terms of hygiene, excretion and dressing (n=60; 100,00%); in the „Sleep – Rest“ form, „sleep dissorder“ (n=52; 86,67%); in the „Cognitive – Perceptual Functions“ form, „acute pain“ was present in all patients (n=60; 100,00%); in the „Self-Perception“ form, „anxiety“ (n=52; 86,67%); in the „Sexual Activity and Reproduction“ form „sexual dysfunction“ (n=37; 61,67%); in the form „Role and Relationships with others“ „social interaction disorder“ (n=51; 85,00%); in the form „Confrontation and Stress tolerance“ „ineffective stress confrontation“ (n=30; 50,00%); in the form „Values and Attitudes“„religion disorder“ (n=30; 50,00%). All observed problems had a lower incidence on the third postoperative day except for „Constipation“ (n=35; 60,00%) and „high risk of constipation“ (n= 36; 60,00%), which had a higher incidence, and the problem of „inefficient health care“ (n=4; 6,67%) had the same incidence throughout all three observed days.
Conclusion: The majority of patients (98,33%) have a nursing diagnosis trough seven of eleven forms of health function. Patients over 65 years of age have a higher ratio of nursing diagnoses than those under 65 years of age. The increased occurrence of ailments among patients did not lead to an increase in nursing diagnoses compared to patients without ailments. Patients with diuresis stimulation for three days had more nursing diagnoses than the patients who had a 2 day stimulation. Patients with clear urine had fewer nursing diagnoses and the diagnoses were of shorter duration than those with hematuric and concentrated urine. The most of the nursing diagnosis are present on the first postoperative day. On the first postoperative day, all patients had a nursing-medical problem „high risk of bleeding“
USE OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE IN ONCOLOGY PATIENTS
No full textCilj: Glavni cilj istraživanja je utvrditi koriste li pacijenti koji se liječe na Klinici za onkologiju i radioterapiju KBC-a Split alternativne i komplementarne metode liječenja. Ostali ciljevi su utvrditi najčešće korištene metode, razloge korištenja, razgovaraju li pacijenti o korištenju s liječnicima i medicinskim sestrama, iskustva pacijenata o dobrobiti i nuspojavama korištenja te reakcije zdravstvenog osoblja na izjave o korištenju.
Metode: Istraživanje je provedeno na Klinici za onkologiju i radioterapiju KBC-a Split, anketnim upitnikom, na 200 ispitanika, glavni kriterij uključenja bio je da se radi o punoljetnoj osobi , onkološkom bolesniku u tijeku aktivnog onkološkog liječenja.
Rezultati: Istraživanjem je potvrđena glavna hipoteza da pacijenti na Klinici za onkologiju i radioterapiju KBC-a Split, koriste alternativne i komplementarne metode liječenja i to u 36 % slučajeva. Ako uzmemo u obzir i činjenicu da od 128 ispitanika čak njih 70 (54.6 %) navodi uzimanje nekog od ponuđenih pripravaka/metoda, možemo zaključiti da je ovim potvrđena i treća hipoteza. Većina ispitanika uz onkološke metode liječenja, kao komplementarne i alternativne dodatke koristi molitvu (65.7 %), vitamine i minerale (62.9 %) te biljne pripravke (55.7 %). Rezultati ovog ispitivanja potvrdili su i drugu hipotezu a ta je da se pacijenti odlučuju na primjenu alternativnih i komplementarnih metoda odmah nakon postavljanja dijagnoze maligne bolesti i to u 44.4 % slučajeva. Na pitanje o razlozima korištenja alternativnih metoda liječenja najčešći razlog je očekivanje povećanja imuniteta (75 %) i smanjenje nuspojava. Četvrta hipoteza ovog ispitivanja potvrđena je u 50 % slučajeva gdje ispitanici izjavljuju da se ne povjeravaju svom liječniku onkologu i u 87.1 % slučajeva u kojima se o korištenju KAM-a ne povjeravaju medicinskoj sestri. Najčešći razlog zbog kojeg se nisu povjerili liječniku onkologu/medicinskoj sestri, ispitanici navode kako nisu niti upitani (85.7 %). Reakcije onkologa/medicinske sestre na izjave ispitanika o korištenju alternativnih metoda liječenja su u 49.3 % slučajeva takve da su prepustili bolesniku odluku o daljnjem korištenju, dok su mu u 46.7 % slučajeva pružili podršku i razumijevanje.
Zaključak: Pacijenti koji se liječe na Klinici za onkologiju i radioterapiju KBC-a Split koriste alternativne i komplementarne metode liječenja na koju se odlučuju najčešće odmah nakon postavljanja dijagnoze. Najčešće koriste biljne pripravke te vitamine i minerale i molitvu. Pacijenti ne razgovaraju o korištenju alternativnih metoda liječenja sa zdravstvenim radnicima na Klinici u 50% slučajeva, najčešće jer nisu ni upitani. Glavni razlog korištenja KAM-a je očekivanje da im se poveća imunitet.Aim: The main goal of the research is to determine whether the patients treated at the Clinic for Oncology and Radiotherapy of KBC Split use alternative and complementary methods of treatment. Other objectives are to determine the most commonly used methods, reasons for use, whether the patients discuss use the with doctors and nurses, patients' experiences of benefits and side effects of use, and reactions of healthcare staff to statements about use.
Methods: The research was conducted at the Clinic for Oncology and Radiotherapy of KBC Split, using a survey questionnaire, on 200 respondents, the main inclusion criterion was that they were adults, oncology patients undergoing active oncology treatment.
Results: The research confirmed the main hypothesis that patients at the Oncology and Radiotherapy Clinic of KBC Split use alternative and complementary treatment methods in 36% of cases. If we also take into account the fact that out of 128 participans, as many as 70 of them (54.6%) mention taking one of the offered preparations/methods, we can conclude that the third hypothesis is also confirmed. In addition to oncological treatment methods, the majority of participants use prayer (65.7%), vitamins and minerals (62.9%) and herbal preparations (55.7%) as complementary and alternative methods. The results of this study also confirmed the second hypothesis, which is that patients decide to use alternative and complementary methods immediately after the diagnosis of a malignant disease in 44.4% of cases. When asked about the reasons for using alternative treatment methods, the most common reason is the expectation of increased immunity (75%) and reduction of side effects. The fourth hypothesis of this study was confirmed in 50% of the cases where the respondents declare that they do not confide in their oncologist and in 87.1% of the cases in which they do not confide in the nurse about the use of CAM. The most common reason why they did not confide in an oncologist/nurse is that they were not even asked to do so (85.7%). The reactions of the oncologist/nurse to the respondents' statements about the use of alternative treatment methods are in 49.3% of cases such that they left the decision on further use to the patient, while in 46.7% of cases they provided them with support and understanding.
Conclusion: Patients who are treated at the Clinic for Oncology and Radiotherapy of KBC Split use alternative and complementary methods of treatment, which they decide on most often immediately after diagnosis. Most often they use herbal preparations and vitamins and minerals and prayer. Patients do not discuss the use of alternative treatment methods with health staff at the Clinic in 50% of cases, most often because they are not even asked. The main reason for using KAM is the expectation that their immunity will increase
Zastupljenost nezdravstvenih navika u medicinskih sestara - tehničara u Republici Hrvatskoj za vrijeme pandemije koronavirusa
No full textPrakticiranje zdravog načina života predstavlja velik izazov svoj populaciji, a posebice medicinskim sestara i tehničarima. Naglasak na način života i životne navike je dosegao svoj vrhunac od početka pandemije koronavirusa. Medicinske sestre-tehničari svakodnevno su izloženi velikim stresorima kao što su dugotrajan radni dan, preopterećenosti, nedovoljan broj slobodnih sati. Ti stresori su još došli do naglaska s pojavom koronavirusa i početkom COVID-19 pandemije. Poznato nam je da samo neki od loših mehanizama suočavanja sa stresom kao što su pušanje i pretjerano jedenje pridonose komorbiditetu i mortalitetu zdravstvenih radnika. U ovom istraživanju smo ispitali životne navike medicinskih sestara s obzirom na mjesto rada, dob ispitanika i utjecaj COVID-19 pandemije te utvrdili razlike u pridržavanju obrasca mediteranske prehrane s obzirom na mjesto rada, dob ispitanika i utjecaj COVID-19. Istraživanje je provedeno na 221 ispitiniku pomoću online upitnika sastavljenog od pitanja koja su se odnosila na opće i demografske podatke ispitanika,a u drugom dijelu ispitivanja korišten je modificirani Upitnik o životnim navikama. 42,8 % ispitanika smatra da je COVID pandemija negativno utjecala na njihove zdravstvene navike iako je statistička ispitivanjem utvrđena samo razlika u broju glavnih obroka i međuobroka tijekom radnog dana te broju međuobroka tijekom slobodnih dana te u unosu orašastih plodova obzirom na negativni utjecaj COVID pandemije na zdrave navike ispitanika. Ispitivanjem nije utvrđena razlika u broju obroka, ni u zastupljenost mediteranske prehrane s obzirom na mjesto rada i dob ispitanika. Utvrđeno je da porast dobi prati pad broja obroka u danu. Zaključak je da COVID-19 nije mnogo utjecao na zdravstvene navike medicinskih sestara. Razlog tome je što se medicinske sestre svakodnevno neovisno o kojoj je bolesti riječ suočene sa stresnim stanjima, iako je upravo loše suočavanje s njim razlog njihovih nezdravstvenih navika. Samo neki od loših mehanizama suočavanja sa stresom su pušenje i pretjerano jedenje. Njih bi trebalo zamijeniti tjelesnom aktivnosti kojom se medicinske sestre uglavnom ne bave, a povoljne utječe na sve aspekte zdravlja. Mediteranska prehrana kao zlatni standard zdravlja je slabo zastupljena, iako bi zdravstveni radnici trebali biti prvi u provedbi i promociji zdravog načina života. Možemo zaključiti da je potrebna ne samo trajna edukacija o zdravom načinu života već i viši stupanj osviještenosti među zdravstvenim radnicima. Neodgovarajuća prehrana, manjak tjelesne aktivnosti i općenito nepridržavanje zdravih životnih navika ne samo da mogu negativno utjecati na profesionalnost medicinskih sestara u obavljanju svakodnevnih zadataka već mogu narušiti i njihov kredibilitet da u tim segmentima djeluju savjetodavno prema pacijentima.Practicing a healthy lifestyle is a big challenge for the entire population, especially for nurses and medical technicians. The emphasis on lifestyle and healthy habits has reached its peak since the start of the coronavirus pandemic. Nurses are daily exposed to great stressors such as long working days, overloads, insufficient number of free hours. These stressors emphasized with the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic. We know that some of the poor stress coping mechanisms, such as smoking and overeating, contribute to the comorbidity and mortality of healthcare workers. In this research, we wanted to examine the lifestyle habits of nurses with regard to the place of work, the age of the nurses and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to claim if there is differences in adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern with regard to the place of work, the age of the nurses and the impact of COVID-19. The research was conducted on 221 respondents using an online questionnaire consisting of questions related to general and demographic data of the respondents. In the second part of the study, a modified Questionnaire on lifestyle habits was used. 42.8% of the respondents believe that the COVID pandemic has had a negative impact on their health habits, even though the statistical examination only revealed a difference in the number of main meals and snacks during the working day and the number of snacks during days off and in the intake of nuts, considering the negative impact of the COVID pandemic on healthy habits of respondents. The research did not establish a difference in the number of meals with regard to the place of work and the age of the respondents. The conclusion is that the unhealthy habits of nurses have not been greatly affected by COVID-19. The reason for this is that nurses are facing with stressful situations every day, regardless of the disease in question, although it is precisely the poor coping with stress that is the reason for their unhealthy habits. Just some of the bad coping mechanisms for stress are smoking and overeating. They should be replaced by physical activity, which nurses generally do not engage in, and which has a beneficial effect on all aspects of health. The Mediterranean diet as the gold standard of health is poorly represented, although health workers should be the first to implement and promote a healthy lifestyle. We can conclude that not only permanent education about a healthy lifestyle is needed, but also a higher level of awareness among healthcare workers. Improper nutrition, lack of physical activity and general non-adherence to healthy lifestyle habits can not only negatively affect the professionalism of nurses in performing their daily tasks, but can also damage their credibility to act as advisors to patients in these segment
FREQUENCY OF INJURIES IN WOMEN'S SOCCER DURING ONE COMPETITIVE HALF SEASON
No full textŽenski nogomet sve je popularniji i u uzlaznoj je putanji. Povećao se broj pripadnica ženskog spola koje se bave nogometom te samim time i učestalost ozljeda. Kroz provedeni upitnik upoznali smo se sa trenažnim procesom i učestalošću ozljeda u ŽNK Hajduk u jednoj polusezoni, što je i bio cilj rada. Ozljede prednjeg križnog ligamenta i zadnje lože pokazale su se kao najučestalije što nije bilo čudno s obzirom na prethodna istraživanja. Kroz pregled literature ukratko su opisani mehanizmi nastanka, procesi rehabilitacije i prevencije navedenih ozljeda.Women's football is increasingly popular and on the rise. The number of women playing football has increased, and thus the frequency of injuries. Through the conducted questionnaire, we got acquainted with the training process and the frequency of injuries in ŽNK Hajduk in one half-season, which was the point of the thesis. Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament and the hamstrings proved to be the most frequent, which was not surprising considering previous research. Through a review of the literature, the mechanisms of occurrence, rehabilitation, and prevention processes of the mentioned injuries are briefly described
Objectivization by the Application of Field and Laboratory Tests
No full textRavnoteža je jedna od najvažnijih sposobnosti ljudskog organizma koja sudjeluje u izvršavanju praktički svih lokomotornih radnji. Nju čine brojne međusobno povezane anatomske cjeline.Testiranje ravnoteže je od velike važnosti u raznim populacijama, osobito kod sportaša i zdravstveno rizičnih skupina. Osnovna podjela tih testova je na terensku i laboratorijsku. Ovaj rad analizira randomizirane kliničke pokuse u kojima se koriste ti testovi. U analizi smo pažnju obratili na potrebe mjerenja za koje su testovi korišteni, uspoređene su populacije nad kojima su ti testovi provedeni te njihove eventulane modifikacije. Pozornost je obraćena i na pitanje sigurnosti provedbe.Balance is one of the most important abilities of human organism which takes part in executing practically all locomotor actions. It is consisted of a number of interconnected anatomical parts. Balance testing is of great importance in various populations, especially in athletes and in people of endangered health. Basic distinction is on field and laboratory tests. This paper analyzes randomized controlled trials in which these tests are used. In the analysis we observed the specific parameters that were measured by each test. Populations that were tested were compared. Also possible modifications of certain tests were analyzed. The notion of safety was also paid attention to